LIBRARY Brigham Young University Call No. 974.4506 Es75b V. 1-4 Do Not Circulate nr , 75"^ ■ V.. I - t 1 1' r -I*- I Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2017 with funding from Brigham Young University https://archive.org/details/bulletinofessexi04esse BULLETIN ' OF THE ESSEX INSTITUTE,. TE7L£^ VOLUME I 1869. SALEM, MASS. ESSEX INSTITUTE PRESS. 1870. m ^NIVBusity UTAH CONTENTS . Prospectus, An Early Voyage beyond the Cape of Good Hope, Nicaragua, Col. Leslie’s Expedition — Cannon in 1775 on the North Bridge Wharf, On Guano Deposits, Memoir of George W. Fahnestock, Memoir of John Cassin, Regular Meeting, Monday, January 4, Regular Meeting, Monday, January 18, Letters announced, . . -17, 33, 65, 94, 107, 127, 143, Additions to the Library, . . .18, 33, 66, 94, 108, 144, Additions to the Museums of the Institute and the Peabody Acad- emy of Science, 19, 35, 71, 128, Deficiences in Library, Indian Relics, Essex Institute Press, Union Building, Sketch of the Life of the late Horace Mann, ... 25 Regular Meeting, Monday, February 1, Notices of the Monstrosities of the Trout, 31. , Regular Meeting, Monday, February 15, Notice of a paper on “ Vei-tigo inhabiting Polynesia, with Descriptions of New Species, by Harper Pease,” 32. — Notice of Meeting of Ameri- can Association for the Advancement of Science, in Salem, August 18, 1889, 32. Duplicates in Library, • ... 35 First Houses in Salem, by W. P. Upham, . . 37, 53, 129, 145 Regular Meeting, Monday, March 1, 50 G. D. PhippeiPs remarks on the “ Old Planters,” Salem, 51. Regular Meeting, Monday, March 15, 52 J. G. Waters’ Reminiscences of the Fire Clubs in Salem, 52. Leslie’s Expedition to Salem in 1775. Communication from Mrs. Jared Sparks in relation thereto, 57 Notice of a singular Erratic in Lynn, known by the name of Pha- eton Rock. By C. M. Tracy, 59 Regular Meeting, Monday, April 5, . . . • . . .64 C. W. Upham’s Address on the Colonial Records of Massachusetts, 64. Regular Meeting, Monday, April 19, . . < . . . .64 C. W. Upham’s Memoir of D. P. King, 64. (iii) 1 3 7 10 11 13 15 16 16 155 155 159 19 21 22 24 41 31 32 IV CONTENTS Kegular Meetings, Monday, May 3, . . . . • .81 R. S. RantouPs Historical Reminiscences connected with the Salem Custom House, 81. Annual Meeting, Wednesday, May 12, 81 Report of Secretary, 81. — Report of Superintendent, 83. — Report of Librarian, 84. — Report of Treasurer, 85. Officers elected, 87. Regular Meeting, Monday, May 17, . . • . . .88 Field Meeting at Wakefield, Thursday, June 10, . . . .88 Notice of the Excursions, 88. — Historical Sketch of Naturalists’ Field Clubs, 89. — Putnam’s Notices of Zoological Specimens found, 90. — Moi’se on the Mollusks, 89. — Eaton’s Historical Sketch of the Town, 89. — Allen’s and Loring’s remarks, 93. Field Meeting at Wenham, Friday, July 18, 97 Notice of Excursions, 97. — Loring’s Historical Reminiscences, 98. — Morse on the Glacier System, 99. — Putnam on Fishes, 99. — Ballon Alaska, 99 — Remarks by Allen W. Dodge, N. Paine, and W. B. Trask, 99. Field Meeting at Middleton, Thursday, Aug. 5, . . . . 100 Notice of the Excursions, 100. — President’s Historical notice, 100. — Morse’s Remarks on Paper Making, 102. — Putnam on Reptiles, 102. — Remarks by.F. Bocher, E. W. Buswell, and G. A. Pollard, 103. Field Meeting at Rockport, Thursday, August 26, ... Notice of the Excursions, 103. — President’s remarks on Field Meet- ings, 104. — Loring’s Historical Sketches, 104. — Morse on the Objects of Field Meetings, 105. — J. W. Foster, the Geology of the East and West Contrasted, 106. — T. S. Hunt, Geological Description of New England Granite Formation, 106. — B. Pierce, Early Reminiscen- ces, 107. Notice of the Temperance Organizations in Salem, by David R. Peabody Fire Clubs in Salem, 103 113 119 Field Meeting at Lynn, Thursday, Sept. 23, ... . 121 Notice of the Excursions, 121. — Remarks on Dungeon Rock, byA.C. Goodell, jr., S. D. Poole, and Jacob Batchelder, 121, 122. — F. W. Put- nam, on Shellheaps in Rocks Pasture, 122. — Jacob Batchelder’s Sketch of the Old Lynn Academy, 124. — C. M. Tracy on the Disappearance of the Old and Favorite Flowers from the Gardens and the Introduc- tion of New Varieties, 125. — Tracy’s Remarks upon the Local Antiq- uities, 126. — Miss Cri’ace Anna Lewis i;pon the Fluids Contained in the Bulbs of Feathers of Living Birds, 126. Regular Meeting, Monday, October 5, 137 Regular Meeting, Monday, November 1, 137 S. Lincoln, Donation of a Pew Door, First Church in Hingham, 137. — A. S. Packard, jr.. Notice of the Occurrence of the W aims in Labrador, &c., 137. — F. W. Putnam and A. S. Packard, Jr., on the Polar and other Species of Bears, 138. Quarterly Meeting, Wednesday, November 10, . . . . 139 C. W. Upham’s Resolutions on the Death of Geo. Peabody, 139. Quarterly Meeting, adj., Monday, November 15, .... 140 Resolves in relation to the Essex Institute Musical Library Associa- tion, 140. — Programme 1st Musical Entertainment, 140. — Programme 2nd Musical Entertainment, 141. — E. Bicknell, on Eozoon Cana- dense, 141. — A. Hyatt’s remarks on Mr. Bicknell’s Paper, 142. — W. D. Northend’s Notice of some Old Papers of Gen. Titcomb of Newbury- port, 142. Third Musical Entertainment, 143 Regular Meeting, Monday, December 20, 150 Letter from Thomas Spencer of Bransby, near Lincoln, Eng., giving an Account of two Visits to Scrooby, the Home of the Pilgrims, 150. Fourth Musical Entertainment, . . . .* . . . 154 BULLETIN OF THE ESSEX ZISrSTITTJTE. VoL. I. Salem, Mass., January, 1869. No. 1. One Dollar a Year in Advance. 10 Cents a Single Copy. PROSPECTUS. The Bulletin of the Essex Institute is intended to give to the public, such portions of communications made to the Essex Institute at its semi-monthly and other public meetings, as are of popular interest. A brief summary of all the proceedings* at each meeting will be given, which will contain the titles of all written or oral communications rendered, and the names of their authors. Such papers as are somewhat dryly historical, or rigidly scientific, will be reserved for publication in another form. A small space in each number will be used to an- nounce the recent correspondence, and donations to the Library and Museum, and to state deficiences ex- *The Quarterly, hitherto published under the title of ‘-Proceedings of the Essex Institute,” will be discontinued with the number which completes the records to January 1st, 1869. 2 isting in the collections of the Institute, and the methods in which its friends may best aid in render- ing them more complete. There will also be inserted a list of some of the duplicate volumes, pamphlets, newspapers, etc., in the library which will be offered for exchange or sale. It is confidently expected that the variety and inter- esting character of the communications this volume will contain, will make it a favorite with the public, while its low price Avill bring it within the means of all. It will be issued at the close of each month in its present form, and in sheets of not less than sixteen pages with occasional supplements. The Old Planter’s House. [See Historical Collections of Essex Institute, Vol, II, p. 39.] AN EARLY VOYAGE BEYOND THE CAPE OF GOOD HOPE. “THERE WAS A SHIP QUOTH HE.” Yet in this case not a myth, but a veritable ship, henceforth to be recorded among many others whose names are an honor to Salem. This ship was one ^ of the first to sail from an Ameri- can Port for commercial purposes to the Indian Ocean. For an authentic account of this voyage we are in- debted to Mr. Jonathan Tucker of Salem, whose grand- father was master of, and whose father was one of the crew of the vessel. Family traditions, confirmed by the ship’s papers left by his grandfather, had amply qualified him .to give the narrative to which we listened. About the close of the year 1786, what was then considered an adventurous voyage, around and beyond the Cape of Good Hope was projected by Elias Hasket Derby, Esq. For a vessel he took a Bark of 240 tons burden. She had been captured from the British during the revolutionary war at a time when she had on board a company of Light Horse troops, therefore, when subse- quently purchased by Mr. Derby he named her "Light Horse.” For captain, it was not unnatural that he should select Capt. John Tucker of Salem. He had been a successful commander of privateers, and had as tradition says, cap- * The vessel to leave an American port for the extreme east was the ship “Grand Turk,” Ebenezer West, Master. She cleared from Salem for Canton in January 3, 178G, but her voyage was not a declared success, until four months after the commencement of the voyage here recorded. 4 tured the "Light Horse.” He had also proved a success- ful merchant, as well as an energetic shipmaster, and had early retired from a seafaring life. He was at this time forty-four years of age and combined in himself so hap- pily the qualifications for such an expedition, that Mr. Derby did not spare the most earnest solicitations to se- cure his cooperation, which was at last obtained, Mr. Derby stipulating to pay the unusually large compensa- tion of three thousand dollars. The crew provided, numbered in all fifteen men, among Avhose names are found those of many, who afterwards became highly estimable and prominent citizens of Salem. Most generous provision was made for their health and comfort. The list of ship’s stores comprise more than one hundred items. The outfit of a large adventure, at the present day, would not exceed the quantity and variety that this exhibits. It is interesting to notice the exports which comprised her cargo. They were notably for the most part the mis- cellaneous products of a new country, comprising: — Beef, pork, butter, tobacco, fish, tar, pitch, turpentine, oars, cheese, mackerel, flour, hams, lumber, masts, iron, iron hoops, sperm candles, rum, cordage, tallow caudles, lard. She carried also the following foreign products : — Geneva gin, claret wine, loaf sugar and olive oil. An exchange of these articles was sanguinely expected to yield a- profit of cent, per cent. The whole value of the cargo was £5,947, 4s. 8d. From the date of this voyage, it will be perceived that we had as yet no national government; therefore, a pro- tective sanction, serving as an introduction to foreign countries and their governments, was given by the Gov- ernor of Massachusetts in the following form : — 5 COMMONWEALTH OF MASSACHUSETTS. [L. S.] To all who shall see these Presents, Greeting. It is hereby made known that leave and permission has been given by the Naval Officer to Capt. John Tucker, Master and Commander of the Bark called the Light Horse, now lying at Salem, within this Commonwealth, to depart from thence and proceed with his vessel and cargo on a voyage to the Cape of Good Hope, the Isle of France and Batavia, and that the said Bark belongs to Elias Hasket Derby, Esq., a merchant of character and high reputation, a subject of the Commonwealth, being one of the thirteen United States of America. Now, in order that the said Master may prosper in his lawful affairs, it is earnestly requested and recommended to all who may see these Presents at whatever port or place said Master with his vessel and cargo may arrive ; that they would please to receive him, the said Mas- ter with goodness, afibrd him all such aid and assistance as he may need, and to treat him in a becoming manner, permitting him upon pay- ing expenses in passing and repassing, to pass, navigate and frequent the ports, passes and territories, wherever he may be, to the end that he may transact his business, where and in what manner he shall judge proper. He keeping, and causing to be kept by his crew on board, the Marine Ordinances and Regulations of the place where he is trading. Given under my hand, and the Seal of the Commonwealth of Massa- chusetts, the twenty-second day of January, A. D., 1787, and in the eleventh year of the Independence of the United States of America. JAMES BOWDOIN. By his Excellency’s command. John Avery, Jun., Secretary. At this time the Custom House and the Light Houses were controlled by the State, as the following copy of a document will show : Commonwealth of Massachusetts, ) Naval Office, Port of Salem, Jan. 23, 1787. > Received of John Tucker, Master of the Bark Light Horse, burthen two hundred and forty tons, the sum of forty shillings and sixpence, being the amount of the duty on said Bark, required by a law of this Commonwealth for the support and maintenance of Light Houses on the sea coast thereof. JOS. HILLER, Naval Officer. 6 The Bark "Light Horse” set sail, on the 27th of Jan. 1787. Her deck was loaded with lumber. Nine days out they encountered a heavy gale, and a "very boister- ous sea,” that carried away part of their deck load, dashed in her ports, and started a leak. The pumps were suffi- cient to keep the leak under control. They were troubled with ice, and after a long passage of fifteen weeks, arrived at the Cape of Good Hope. The Captain wrote his first letter from Table Bay, dated May 15, 1787, giving a circumstantial account of his passage, and of the sale of a portion of his cargo. From the Cape of Good Hope, they sailed for the Isle of France, where they arrived after a passage of thirty days. Here the cargo was sold, and the products of this sale used to pur- chase a return lading. Mr. Derby, soon after the "Light Horse,” had sent out the Bark "Three Sisters,” Ichabod Nichols, Master, with a cargo valued at £4129, 7s. Id. On arriving at the Isle of France, both her cargo and the vessel herself were sold, the latter for $6,000. The money thus procured was also used to obtain a complete return lading for the "Light Horse.” The cargo procured consisted principally of bourbon cofiee, but also com- prised India goods, such as bags, cotton, pepper, salt- petre, china-ware, bandanna handkerchiefs, calico, cotton handkerchiefs, cotton goods, etc. The passage home was safely, but laboriously made. On arriving ofi* our coast by reason of severe weather, and much ice, they were forced to put into Portsmouth. Here the illness of Capt. Tucker was so great that Capt. Nichols of the "Three Sisters,” who had returned with them, brought the vessel from Portsmouth to Salem. Arriving Jan. 27, 1787, just one year from the time of their departure. The voyage proved fatal to Capt. John Tucker, who 7 contracted the climate fever at the Isle of France and died from its effects, March 31st, 1787, two months after his return. Other vessels soon followed in the track of the "Light Horse.,” From the original papers in the hands of Mr. Tucker, it is found that no less than eight vessels from Salem, had doubled the Cape of Good Hope, between Jan. 1787 and 1789, and were the van of the squadrons which have followed since to the remotest East. In these days of large ships it may seem that these vessels were of very moderate tonnage. They ranged only from 140 to 300 tons burthen. A second "Grand Turk,” built by Mr. Derby a few years later, called the Great Ship, did not exceed 500 tons burthen. Thus regarded, these adventures seem small. On the other hand, if we estimate these early voyages by the faith, ability and energy required, at that time, for their pro- jection and successful execution, they must rank with the most notable enterprises of the present day. NICARAGUA. Nicaragua, although offering a rich field to naturalists, long remained comparatively unexplored. This work is now being prosecuted very faithfully and successfully by Mr. J. A. McNiel, under the auspices of the Peabody Academy of Science. He is an indefatiga- ble collector of objects of Natural History and Archaeo- logy, and a close observer of the habits and customs of the people. Leaving Salem in May, 1868, he spent several months among the Nicaraguans, and returned in the following November, bringing back an extensive collection. 8 At a recent meeting of the Essex Institute, just previ- ous to entering again upon his explorations, Mr. McNiel, in a brief address, gave an entertaining account of what he had seen, substantially as follows : It is easy to reach and to travel in Nicaragua, but it is a very unpleasant country to live in. This is owing to the absence of the most ordinary comforts of civilized life, and the uncleanly habits of the natives. The people are strikingly peculiar. They lack less an aptitude, than an inclination to learn. They show but little ambition or foresight: A full meal of "tortilla” (or little cakes of corn) produces perfect content, and indifference to the future. Their process for preparing corn to be made into cakes, is especially interesting, explaining, as it does, the former use of certain Indian implements found in New England. The corn is parboiled in a solution of wood ashes until its cuticle can be removed by rubbing. Its hull is then rubbed off, whereupon the kernel, softened and hulled, is placed upon a flat stone to be mashed. To do this they use a long, irregularly cylindrical stone, somewhat taper- ing at the ends, and somewhat flattened upon one side by the attrition produced in the mashing process. They hold this masher by the ends, and by half rolling, half rubbing, and at the same time compressing the corn, they reduce it to a fine pulp. This pulp they mould with their hands into small cakes, to be baked on pans over ovens made in the earth. Recently a severe storm washed away a portion of the coast of Punta Icaca, in Rialejo Bay, and brought to light a nearly fiat stone, with three legs and with a knob at one end shaped to resemble the head of a tortoise. With the stone pan was a stone masher, like those now used ; similar to those which have been found often 9 in our vicinity and generally regarded as stone pestles. The place where these implements were discovered has not been inhabited within the recollection of the present gen- eration. These relics* are therefore undoubtedly quite ancient, and are valuable as furnishing an explanation of some of the relics of the aborigines of North America, as already alluded to. Some coarse but strong and durable fabrics, made from vegetable fibre, and some elegant carvings upon hard- shells, of some kind of fruit, show that this people have considerable ingenuity, but they lack the disposition to rise by it above a certain level. A few Americans and other foreigners have taken up their residence in Nicaragua. They have carried with them the customs of civilization ; but the natives show great aversion to adopting any im- provements suggested, however obvious the advantage to be gained, or however easy it may be made for them to change to better methods. To illustrate this Mr. McNeil told the following story : Some American residents wishing to greatly please some friendly Nicaraguans living near by, procured from New York at great expense, as a present for them, a cooking stove of the most approved model. It was thought that this would be welcomed as a marvellous im- provement upon the little fire of sticks, by which the Nicaraguans did all their cooking. The present was received with expressions of much pleasure, and forth- with tested. The first experience was repellant. Smoke poured forth from every seam, the fire smouldered, and the kettles refused to heat. But this difficulty was obvia- ted when at the suggestion of their more experienced American friends, they transferred the fire from the oven to its proper place. For a time they used the new cook- *-They are now deposited in the cabinets of the Peabody Academy. ESSEX INST. BULLETIN. 2 10 ing apparatus, but gradually neglected it, soon rejected it as an inconvenient and useless thing, and returned to their fire of sticks. Their religion appears to be a mixture of Roman Ca- tholicism and Sun worship, yet the true character of their faith must be determined by giving to it a closer study. One of their curious religious customs is a system of proxy, by which the 'women do religious service for the men, and the priests for the women. We hope that before many months, when Mr. McNeil shall have returned again, he may enable us to communi- cate a more extended account of this country, its people, and its productions. COL. LESLIES’ EXPEDITION. CANNON IN 1775, ON THE NORTH BRIDGE WHARF. The laughable defeat of Col. Leslie with the sixty- fourth British Regiment, at the North Bridge, on Sun- day, Feb. 26, 1775, has been made to appear still more ridiculous, and quite Quixotic from information fur- nished by Mr. Gideon Tucker, and communicated by his nephew, Mr. Jonathan Tucker, both of Salem. Mr. Gideon Tucker died in 1861, aged eighty-three years, but previous to his death made a written statement, from which it appears that these cannon were not public mili- tary stores, but private property, owned by various per- sons, and had been stored upon the wharf as useless in a time of general peace. The following is his statement : “Being with ray father at his wharf in North Salem, when I was six or seven years old, then in 1784 or thereabouts, from which wharf privateers were fitted out in the Revolution, and where prizes were 11 landed, he pointed out to me where the cannon were piled, in front of the old store, upon the wharf, that was recently burnt. These cannon had been accumulating for some time. They were owned by various persons ; had been in use on board merchant vessels, and landed from them ; a general peace making them then unneces- sary. When the alarm came that Leslie was marching that way to seize them, they were dragged away by the farmers, in a general turnout, suspended under their ox-cart axles, and under the direction of Col. Mason, of the Salem Militia, were landed on^the upper part of his land, now the head of School Street. From him Mason street has its name. A written memorandum from Gideon Tucker is here copied, dated September, 1858. “While Col. Leslie was detained by the raising of the draw of the bridge, the cannon were removed to Mason’s held, where Geo. H. Devereux’s house now stands, and there I saw them several years. I judge, from the best of my recollection, the number might have been twelve or fifteen. They remained there several years, up to 1793, or longer, and then gradually disappeared. In the trouble with France at that time merchant vessels sailed with armament, and with Letters of Marque, and these cannon were taken for that purpose. None of them were used in the war of the Revolu- tion. The place where they lay was a thicket of bushes and trees, and with boys, I have often played over and about them, until they were removed.” Our venerable citizen, Ebenezer Symonds, now living, testifies to having seen them there in his very youthful days. ON GUANO DEPOSITS. Prof. A. M. Edwards, of New York, made some remarks calling attention to a course of investigation he had been pursuing for several years, by means of which he had become acquainted with many facts of extreme importance in several branches of science, more particu- larly Geology, Agriculture and Chemistry. After having spent some years in the examination of Guanos, both chemically and by means of the microscope, he had turned his attention to the so-called, “Infuso- rial deposits ” which are found to occur in various parts of the world, but more particularly on the Pacific shores of the North American continent, and in Japan and Peru. After becoming connected with the State Geological Survey of California, carried on under the direction and control of Prof. J. D. Whitney, he had been enabled to extend his field of research considerably, on account of being entrusted with the examination of the specimens collected during its prosecution. A full 12 consideration of this subject will appear in some future volume of the Survey Eeport, therefore the present notice is merely intended to call the attention of scientific observers to the matter and to solicit aid in its farther prosecution. Among the specimens thus examined, are some of the rocks or shales, making up the great mass of the mountains of the Coast Range, which extend down the Pacific shore, from Washington Territory to the borders of Lower California. These shales are of a light cream color, for the most part, and are mainly made up of the siliceous remains of Diatomaceae and Polycistina ; the first being minute plants, and the last animals. Many of these are identical with those found living at the present time in the waters of that coast. Exuding through, and invariably present with these shales, is the Petroleum or Bitumen of California, from which fact they had been named by the Survey, “Bitumenous shales.” Off this coast, and lying generally parallel to it, are several islands generally bearing upon their summits layers of guano of more or less value commercially. This coast, it must be noted, is in continual motion from the contiguousness of volcanoes of greater or less activity, which are found in the Sierra Nevadas and their spurs ; so much so that it is slowly rising. The Survey have identified at least three ancient lines of rise or coast, and another one is seen in the islands which represent the peaks of a future Coast Range. If the facts which accompany the occurrence of the marine Infuso- rial deposits of other parts of the globe, be examined, they are found to be the same as occur in California ; that is to say, there is found Bitumen of some kind, and adjacent thereto islands upon which guano exists. Thus at Payta, in Peru, Dr. C. F. Winslow had found an Infusorial deposit almost identical with the Californian one ; near by was Bitumen, and off the coast the well known Guano islands of Galapagos, Chincha, Lobos and others. The rocks of the Chincha Islands, which immediately underlie the guano, had been shown to be volcanic, and in fact, of recent eruption. So again, at Netanai in Japan, Mr. Raphael Pumpelly had found a marine Infusorial deposit of the same character. Bitumen and active volcanoes. In the north- ern part of Africa, in Algeria, the same phenomena occur, and in the Carribean sea are found the Infusorial deposits of the islands of Trinidad and Barbadoes, the great Pitch-lake of the first and the Bitumenous springs of the last island, while guano islands are com- mon, and active volcanoes not uncommon. From these facts as well as others of no less importance, derived from the chemical and microscopical characters developed, he had come to the conclusion that guano was not the result of the accumula- tion of bird droppings upon the islands, but the deposit of the remains 13 of dead animal and vegetable matter at the bottom of the ocean, which, as the coast rose, had been so lifted as to appear upon the crests of the islands formed, and from the chemical change which it had undergone during its submergence, and thereafter, had become the substance known as guano. If, however, such a collection of organic remains were acted upon by pressure and heat derived from volcanic sources at the time of, or previous to, its upheaval, the result would be a removal of most of the organic material, and its conversion into Hydro-carbons, such as are found in the Bitumen, while the inorganic portions would remain agglomerated together in the form of a more or less porous shale, mainly made up of the siliceous lorica of such organisms as were common in the waters of the sea in which it was formed. He pointed out the fact, that the valuable deposits of guano which are found upon the Pacific coast of South America, are rapidly dis- appearing, and before very long it will become necessar}’ to look in a new direction for a supply of this now indispensable material. He was convinced that the sea-bottom would hereafter be the storehouse from which such a want will be supplied. He had, in this connec- tion, been greatly pleased to meet with one account, written by a gentleman who had spent some time at the Chincha Islands, connected with the guano trade, and who had a record of an island which had risen from the bottom of the sea in that locality, during one of the volcanic disturbances so common there, upon the summit of which was found guano. He also called attention to the fact, that although it served very well the purposes of a fertilizer, yet the accumulation of recent bird droppings of that coast, as well as of our own and of the European, is not guano, and in South America is not known under the same name, but has a peculiar appellation applied to it by the inhabi- tants. It was his intention to follow up these investigations as fully as lay in his power, and he called upon scientific observers and collectors, to assist him by means of specimens of guanos, sea-bottoms, algae, anchor muds, and similar material, as the vast scientific and commer- cial importance of the subject warranted him, he considered, in so doing. GEORGE W. FAHNESTOCK. Our acquaintance with Mr. F. commenced last summer, when he spent a day in Salem, visiting the several objects of interest. His pleasing manners, gentlemanly address, and deep interest in insti- tutions for general culture, made a very favorable impression, and resulted in a very pleasant and profitable correspondence and inter- 14 change. At that time speaking of his collection of pamphlets, he remarked that he did not know for what purpose he was making this collection, but presumed that it would ultimately be placed in some public institution. Little did he know how soon an awful catastrophe awaited him. He was a passenger on board the steamboat United States, bound from Cincinnati to Louisville, when she collided with the steamboat America, near the hour of midnight, on the 4th of December, 1868, about midway between the two above named places, and was among the victims of that terrible disaster. Mr. F., son of B. A Fahnestock, was born in Chambersburg, Frank- lin county. Pa., in the year 1823; and received a liberal education at Washington College, Pa. After graduation he continued his studies, and in early youth acquired a knowledge of many branches of Natural Science, particularly of mineralogy and botany. Notwithstanding his connection with a very extensive drug business in Philadelphia, he continued his studies with unabated zeal and great success. While possessing a deservedly high reputation as a successful man of busi- ness, he acquired a still wider reputation as a devotee to the natural sciences, and an antiquarian. His collection of rare old books and pamphlets was very large and valuable. He seemed to take pleasure in exciting an interest in similar pursuits in the minds of others, and in aiding them. Espe- cially did he do this for the various historical societies of the country. With many of the latter he was brought into connection through his gifts or exchanges. The friends which he made in this way will learn of his melancholy end with deep regret. To the Pennsylvania Histori- cal Society he bequeathed all his present collection of pamphlets, numbering some 70,000. Many of these are very rare and will be of great value in throwing light upon obscure matters of history. He was a sincere, humble and modest Christian, and was attached to the Presbyterian church. He was in full sympathy with the benevo- lent enterprises of the day, and sustained them liberally with his means. He was blessed with wealth, and his great desire was to use his means in doing good. Without doubt, if his life had been spared, he would have continued steadfast in this purpose, and employed his large fortune, present and prospective, in promoting the glory of God on earth. The death of such a man must — cut oflf as he was in the meridian of life — be regarded as a loss to the community and to the church. He has, however, embalmed his memory in the hearts of a wide circle of friends, and shed a lustre upon his name that will not soon fade away. For many of the facts contained in this notice, we are indebted to an article in the Reformed Church Messenger for Wednesday, Decem- ber 23, 1868. 15 JOHN CASSIN.* During the past three years American Ornithology has lost from its ranks, three of its most distinguished patrons and votaries, who have died in the very prime of their lives, and in the midst of their active usefulness. Thomas B. Wilson, M. D., of Philadelphia, whose munificence not only enriched the Museum of the Academy with the renowned Massen collection of birds, but added to it by constant contributions, until it became the largest in the world, and accom- panied these princely gifts by one even more valuable, the most per- fect ornithological library anywhere to be found. Henry Bryant, M. D., of Boston, to whom the Natural History Society of that city is indebted for an ornithological collection only second in nunjbers to that of Philadelphia, an active, enthusiastic student alike in the closet and the field ; and now John Cassin, of Philadelphia, who, more than any other writer during the last quarter of a century has con- tributed, by his investigations and his publications, to advance and increase our knowledge, both of American and Foreign Ornithology. He died in Philadelphia on the 10th of January, aged fifty-six years and four months. Mr. Cassin was born in Chester, Pa., in 1813, and became a citizen of Philadelphia in 1834. During the thirty-four years he has resided in that city, he has been an active member of the Academy of Natural Science, and no one has been more constant or more fruitful, both in his studies and in his contributions to his favorite science. Besides some sixty papers published in the Journal, or in the Proceedings of that Society, all of them of first-class importance, he has, from time to time, given to the world more elaborate publications. In 1856 he published an octavo volume, giving illustrations and descriptions of fifty species of birds unknown to Audubon. The ornithology of Wilkes’ expedition was committed, for revision, to Mr. Cassin’s charge, and by him published in a most creditable manner. The ornithology of the expedition to Japan, the ornithology of Lieut. Gilliss’ expe- dition to Chili, and the rapaces and grallatores m the ornithology^ of the Pacific Railroad Explorations were also written by Mr. Cassin. In 1846, about twelve years after his first residence in Philadelphia, Dr. Wilson commenced his noble contributions to the Museum and to the library of the Academy of that city. The result, “ w^as a collection of twenty-five thousand specimens of birds, and a library contain- ing,” says Mr. Cassin, “very nearly every book relating to this branch of natural science.” With such unequalled opportunities, a man of Mr. Cassin’s rare application, devotion and zeal, could not but be- come a complete master of his science. No one on this continent * Communicated by Thomas M. Brewer, M. D., of Boston. 16 equalled him in his familiarity with the old world forms, and his death leaves our country with no one to fill the void thus created in this field. In American ornithology, in the forms of southern, central and insular America, Prof. Baird of Washington, and Mr. George N. Law- rence of New York, were Mr. Cassin’s co-laborers, and those fields are still ably represented. With the types of the other hemisphere Mr. Cassin was as familiar as with those of our own, and he has con- tributed largely to their elucidation and description. In the death of Mr. Cassin, the world of Science sustains a double loss, not only that of the gifted naturalist, but also the appreciative and intelligent head of an important engraving establishment, where scientific publications found in him invaluable assistance. In the private relations of life he was upright, cordial and sincere, firm in his friendship, kind and courteous in his dealings, and the open and avowed opponent of all that was base or unjust. He never shrank from the avowal of his opinions, or from maintaining them when assailed, yet never engaged in personal controversy. It was the desire of his heart that “Naturalists of all climes should work out their mission in harmony and fellowship,” and to no one more than Mr. Cassin himself, belongs the high encomium he bestowed upon Gustav Hartlaub of Bremen, “ would that all like him cultivated and understood, as well as science, kindness, friendship and justice.” ORDER OF MEETINGS. Regular meeting held January 4th, the President in the chair. Records read. Donations to the Cabinets and the Library announced. Communications presented by Mr. Jonathan Tucker, concerning early voyages beyond the Cape of Good Hope, vide page 3. Also concerning the Cannon at the North Bridge, Salem, 1775, vide page 10. Narrative by James A. McNiel, of life and experiences in Nicaragua, vide page 7. Candidates for election as Corresponding Members, were announced. Regular meeting held January 18th, the President in the chair. Records read and correspondence announced. Donations to the Cabinets and the Library announced. The President announced the death of George W. Fahnestock, vide page 13. Also the death of John Cassin, vide page 15. F. W. Putnam eulogized Mr. Cassin. The President read a paper on the Union Building, in Salem, vide next number. F. W. Putnam exhibited and described a living Pisuti. Mr. Putnam also exhibited and explained two specimens of Indian Carving, vide next number. 17 Professor A. M. Edwards of New York, spoke concerning the con- nection of Guano deposits with Infusorial shales, and Bitumen, vide page 11. The thanks of the Institute were voted to Mr. Edwards for his address. Thomas Spencer of England, Ferdinand J. Dreer of Philadelphia, I. P. Langworth of Chelsea, J. J. Howard of London, and James A. McNiel of Grand Eapids, Mich., were elected Corresponding Members. Candidates for election as Eesident Members, were announced. LETTEES ANNOUNCED. Batchelder, Jacob, Lynn, Jan. 8; Boardman, Samuel L., Augusta, Me., Nov. 30; Brigham, W. T., Boston, Dec. 18; Chipman, Rev. R. M., East Granby, Conn, Dec. 15; Cobb, W, H.. Wellsboro, Tioga Co., Pa., Dec. 16; Dix, D. L., Washington, D. C., June 10; Dumas, V., Boston, Dec. 21; Eaton, Lilley, Wakefield, Dec. 29; Geer, Elihu, Hartford, Conn., Dec. 31 ; Goodell, A. C., jr., Salem, Jan. 6; Gould, B. A., Cambridge, Dec. 16; Howard, J. J., Dartmouth Row, Blackheath, Kent, England, Dec. 11; Hubbard, Sara A., Kalamazoo, Mich., Sept. 21; Jackson, Rev. S. C., Bos- ton, Dec. 30, and Jan. 4; Johnson, W. C., Newbiiryport, Dec. 24; Kinrock, Gusta- vus, Iowa City, Dec 25; Lacklau, R. M., London, England, March 3; Lincecum. Geo. W.,Long Point, Dec. 14; Lyman, Arthur T., Boston, Jan. 12; McAlister, John A., Philadelphia, Jan. 2; Naturborschende Gesellschaft, Erieburg, March 3; Nor- ton, Edward, Farmington, Sept. 4; Porter, Horace P., Wayland, Allegan County, Mich., Dec. 31; Riley, Charles V., St. Louis, Mo., Dec. 21; Robinson, Ernest, New Haven, Dec. 31; Royal Institution, London, Nov. 29; Societe Royale des Sciences, aUpsal, Sept. 15; Spoft’ord, Jeremiah, Groveland, Dec. 22; Tomkin, John, New York, Dec. 21; Turnbull, W. P., Philadelphia, Jan. 5; Verrill, A. E., New Haven, Conn., Nov. 18, and Dec. 20; IVatt, David A. P., Montreal, May 4; Yeomans, W. H. Columbia, Conn., Jan. 1. ADDITIONS TO THE LIBEAEY. BY DONATION. Agassiz, L., Cambridge. Contributions to the Fauna of the Gulf Stream at great depths, 8vo, pamphlet. Batchelder, Jacob, Lynn. Lynn Directory for 1863, 1 vol. 12mo; ditto for 1865, 1 vol. 8vo. Catalogue of Lynn Free Public Library, 1 vol. 8vo. Brooks, Charles T., Newport, R. I. Carriers Addresses, Newport, 1869. Butler, B. F., M. C. Speech in U. S. Congress on National Currency, .Ian. 1869, 8vo, pamphlet. Chase, Thomas, Haverford College. Catalogue of officers and students for 1868-9, 12mo pamphlet. Cole, Mrs. N. D. Files of Salem Gazette for 1868, 1 vol. folio. Eaton, Lilley of Wakefield. Inaugural exercises at Wakefield, on the occa- sion of the assumption of the new name, July 4, 1868, 8vo, pamphlet. Green, Samuel A., Boston. 48 Pamphlets. Holden, N. J. Various papers and pamphlets relating to the campaign of 1868 Hood, Mary Massachusetts Gazette for Dec. 26, 1786. 3 ESSEX INST. BULLETIN. 18 Hough, Franklin B., of Lowville, N. Y. Biographical notice of Dr. C. M. Crandall, 8vo, pamph., Albany, 1868. IiANGWORTHY, Rev. I. P., of Chelsea. Walton’s Vermont Register, 1852. Min- utes of Fifty-ninth Annual Meeting of General Association of New Hampshire, 8vo, pamphlet. Minutes of Sixty-sixth Annual Meeting of General Association of Con- gregational Church, of Mass., 8vo, pamphlet. Lee, John C. Commercial Bulletin for December, 1868. Low, N. J. Boston Post, from July 1868, to January 1869, 1 vol. folio. jMills, Rev. R. C. Minutes of the Salem Baptist Association; 12 numbers. Perley, Jonathan. By-Laws of Starr King Lodge of A., F. and A. Masons, 12mo, pamph., Salem, 1868. Pope, Henry E. Second Annual Report of Crown Hill Cemetery, 8vo, pamph., Indianapolis, 1866. Also several papers. Robbins, Rev. C., Boston. Correspondence relating to the Invention of the Jacquard Brussels Carpet Power Loom, 8vo, pamph., Boston, 1868. Roberts, David. Boston Directory, for 1863, 1 vol., 8vo. Robinson, E. P., Saugus. Abstract of Census of Mass., 1 vol. 8vo, Boston, 1867. Twenty-third, Twenty-fourth, and Twenty-fifth Registration Reports of Massachusetts, 3 vols. 8vo, Boston, 1866, 1867 and 1868. Ropes, William L., Andover, Mass. Catalogue of Andover Theological Semi- nary, 1868-9, 8vo, pamphlet. SiLSBEE, Nathaniel, Boston. Harvard College, Treasurer’s statement, 1868, 8vo, pamphlet. Stickney, M. a. Saco and Biddeford Directory, for 1849, 12mo, pamphlet. Newburyport Directory for 1849, 12mo, pamphlet. Portsmouth Directory for 1851, 1 vol. 16mo. Sumner, Charles, U. S. Senator. Sherman’s Speech in U. S. Senate, Jan. 6, 1869, 8vo, pamphlet. Thayer, Rev. C. T., Boston. Address at dedication of Lancaster Memorial Hall, Jan., 1868, 8vo, pamphlet. Upham, Charles W. Year Book and Almanac of Canada for 1869, 8vo, pamph. U. S. Cong. Library. Librarian’s Annual Report for 1868, 8vo, pamph. U. S. Treasury Department. Report of the Secretary of Treasury on the state of the Finances, 1867 and 1868, 2 vols. 8vo. Waters, J. Linton, Chicago, 111. Directories of Chicago for 1862, 1864, 1865, 1865-6, 1864-5, 1867, 6 vols. 8vo. Thirteenth and fourteenth Reports of Schools of Chicago. Elliot’s Western Fruit Book, 1 vol. 12mo, New York, 1869. Adjutant General’s Annual Report of Illinois, 1863, 1 vol. 8vo. 33 Pamphlets. West, W. S. Eight miscellaneous pamphlets. BY EXCHANGE. Boston Public Library. Bulletin for Nov., 1868. Sixteenth Annual Report of Trustees, 8vo, pamph., Boston, 1868. Boston Society op Natural History. Proceedings, vol. xii, sigs. 11 and 12. California Academy of Science. Memoirs, vol. 1. pt. 2d, 4to, pamphlet. Kongliga Vetenskaps — Societeten, Upsala. Nova acta Regiae Societatis, Scientiarum Upsaliensis, ser. ter., vol. vi, Fasc 1, 11, 1866, 1868, 4to. Lancashire and Cheshire Historic Society. Address to the members of, by J. Mayer, F. S. A., 8vo, pamph., Liverpool, 1868. Maryland Historical Society. Twenty-four numbers of its publications. New England Historic-Genealogical Society. New England Historical and Genealogical Register for January, 1869. Address of Hon. 31. P. W^ilder at Annual Meeting, Jan. 6, 1869, 8vo, pamphlet. 19 New Jersey Historical Society. Proceedings, 2d ser., vol. 1, No. 2, 1868, 8vo pamphlet. Publishers. American Literary Gazette, Dec. 15, Jan. 1. American Ento- mologist, Jan. — . Canadian Journal, Dec. — . Christian World Jan. — . Essex Banner, Dec. 25, Jan. 1, 8, 15. Gardener’s Monthly, Jan. — . Gloucester Tele- graph, Dec. 23, 25, 30; Jan. 2, 6, 9, 13. Haverhill Gazette, Dec. 25; Jan. 1, 8, 15. Land and Water, Nov. 7, 14, 21. Lawrence American, Dec. 25; Jan. 1, 8, 15. Lynn Reporter, Dec. 23, 26, 30; Jan. 2, 6, 9, 13, 16. Medical and Surgical Reporter, Dec. 19,26; Jan. 2, 9. Naturalist’s Note Book, Dec. — . Peabody Press, Dec. 23, 30; Jan. 6, 13. Silliman’s Journal of Science, Jan. — . Triihner’s American and Oriental Literary Record. Vermont Historical Gazetteer. Bibliotheque Univer- selJe et Revue Suisse, Archives des Sciences, Physiques et Naturelles, Tome XXXIII, Oct. and Nov., 1868, 8vo. ADDITIONS TO THE MUSEUMS OF THE INSTITUTE AND THE PEABODY ACADEMY OF SCIENCE. - Jonathan Tucker, Salem. Two Cases of Chinese Insects. Prof. A. E. Verrill, Yale College, New Haven, Conn. Sagitta sp., from East- port. Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D. C. A collection of thirty-three pack- ages of Infusorial earths from various localities. Ezra L. Woodbury, Salem. A specimen of “ Common Brown Bat,” taken in Salem. Col. A. Haratzthy, Corinto, Nicaragua. A pair of elaborately carved, ancient wooden Stirrups, from Corinto. Don. J. J. and Capt. F. B. DeShon, Polvon. An ancient “Rapier,” bearing tlie stamp of the maker, Lisbon, 1621. Capt. A. T. Douglass, a living specimen of the “Tisuti,” or Coati, from Cen- tral America. Capt. Geo. E. Emmons, Sloop of War Ossipee, U. S. N. Specimen of Gorgonia, from Punta Arenas, Gulf of Nicoya. James L. Ward, Salem. A specimen of Loon (Colymbus torquatus) and one of Guillemot (Lomvia Svarbag, Coues), from the vicinity of Salem. Dr. T. Garlick, Cleveland, Ohio. Antlers of the Caribou, from twenty miles north of Sault St. Marie, Lake Superior. Prof. H. W. Ravenell, Aiken, S. C. A collection of 194 species of Fungi, from South Cai’olina. E. Bicknell, Salem. Specimens of Garnet, from Ragged Island, Casco Bay. William Stone, Ipswich. An Indian Pestle, found near Eagle Hill, Ipswich. G. E. Emery. An Indian Idol, or Medicine, found in an excavation during the grading of the Northern Railroad of New Hampshire, about twenty years ago in North Boscawen, Merrimack County, on territory occupied by the Pennacook Indians. Also Green Jasper and Asbestos, from Lynn, and Insects and portion of the backbone of a Skate. DEFICIENCIES IN THE LIBRARY. It is intended to publish from time to time, lists of deficiencies in the library ; hoping that those friends of the Institute who may notice the same, will be induced to aid in completing the sets. Any number or volume, not designated (within brackets) under any title, will be acceptable. 20 DEFICIENCIES IN ALMANACS. The Clergyman’s Almanac, Boston [1809-1822]. Unitarian Register, Boston [1846-1858]. Unitarian Congregational Year Book [1856-1858, 1867]. ALMANA(i AND BAPTIST REGISTER, Philadelphia [1841-1852]. American Baptist Almanac, Philadelphia [1860] . Thomas (R. B.) Farmer’s Almanac, Boston [1793-1863]. Methodist Almanac, New York [1858, 1860, 1861]. George’s (Daniel) Cambridge Almanac or Essex Calendar, Salem and Newburyport [1776, 1778-1781, 1783, 1784]. Russell’s (E.) American Almanac, Danvers and Boston [1780-1782]. Carlton’s (Osgood) Almanac, Boston [1790-1797]. Bickerstafe’s Boston Almanac [1768, 1769, 1773-1775, 1777-1779, 1784-1788, 1791, 1792, 1795]. Webster’s Calendar, or The Albany Almanac [1829, 1832, 1847-1866, 1868]. New England Farmer’s Almanac, by Dudley Eeavitt, Exeter and Concord, N. H. [1819-1821, 1823, 1826-1827, 1830-1867]. Universalist’s Register, Companion and Almanac, Utica, N. Y., Boston, [1839-1842, 1849, 1852, 1855, 1857-1866]. Whig Almanac, New York [1844-1853, 1855]. Tribune Almanac, New York [1857, 1859-1866]. Low’s (Nathaniel) ’Almanac, Boston [1770, 1772-1821, 1824, 1825, 1827]. Churchman’s Almanac, New York [1830, 1834, 1837]. The Church Almanac, New York [1841, 1843, 1846, 1848-1862, 1864, 1866, 1867]. The Protestant Episcopal Almanac, New York [1860, 1862, 1863, 1864]. Sword’s Pocket Almanac, New York [1831, 1839]. Thomas’ (Isaiah) Almanac, Worcester [1788-1791, 1793, 1796-1808, 1811-1816, 1818-1822]. Spofeord (Thomas) Almanac, Haverhill, Exeter, Boston [1817-1824, 1826, 1829, 1831-1838, 1841, 1842, 1844, 1846]. DEFICIENCIES IN DIRECTORIES. Lewiston and Auburn Directory, by Stan wood [1860, 1864.] Portland Directory, by S. Colman [1831] ; A. Shirley, [1834]; Reference Book and Directory, by Becket [1846, 1847-8, 1850-1, 1852-3, 1856-7, 1858-9, 1863- 4] ; Almanac and Register, by C. A. Dockham [I860]. Saco and Biddeford Business Directory [1849, 1856-7] . Concord, N. H., Directory, by Hoag and Atwood, [1830]; D. Watson, [18.56]; Dover, N. H. Directory, by Stevens [1833] ; by J. S. Hayes [1859-60]. Manchester, N. H., Almanac and General Business Directory [1850] ; Directory [1854, 1858, 1860, 1864, 1866]. Nashua, N. H., Directory, by Greenough [1864-5]. Portsmouth, N. H., Directory, by Penhallow [1821] ; by Brewster [1851] ; by Greenough [1864]. Burlington, Vt. Directory, by Hart [1865-6, 1866-7, 1867-8]. Boston, Mass., Directory, by John West [1796] ; by £. Cotton [1805, 1807, 1810, 1813, 1816, 1818] ; by Fx’ost and Stimpson [1822, 1826, 1827] ; by Hunt and Stimpson, [1828]; by Charles Stimpson, jr. [1829, 1831, 1832, 18.33, 1834, 1835, 1836, 1837, 18.38, 1839, 1840, 1841, 1842, 1843, 1844, 1845. 1846] ; by George Adams [1846-9, 1847-8, 1848-9, 1849-50, 1850-1, 1851-2, 1852-3, 1853-4, 1854, 1855, 1856, 18.57]; by Adams, Sampson & Co. [18.58, 1859, 1860, 1861, 1862, 1863, 1864, 1865, 1867]. BULLETIN OF THE ESSEX lE'STITTJTE. VoL. 1. Salem, Mass., February, 1869. No. 2. One Dollar a Year in Advance. 10 Cents a Single Copy. INDIAN RELICS. Mr. F. W. Putnam exhibited two rare specimens* of Indian carving, both wrought from steatite. The largest is about two inches, and the smaller about three-fourths of an inch in length. One was found in an excavation made about twenty years ago, during the grading of the N. R. R. of N. H., in North Boscawen, Merrimack County, on territory occupied by the Pentacooks. It was presented to the Museum of the Peabody Academy of Science, by Mr. Gr. E. Emery of Lynn. The other was found in Cayuga and has long been in the possession of the Institute, and was presented by Mr. C. L. Allen. It is a simple mask of soapstone, with holes bored through its edge to permit its being attached to a string. Both have decided Indian features, perhaps more noticeable in the smaller specimen. Similar carvings, wherever found, have been almost invariably cut from the same material. They are supposed to be Indian idols or "Medicine.” In this connection the following statement, transcribed * At the Institute meeting, Jan. 18th. ESSEX INST. BULLETIN. 3* 22 from a Kansas paper published some months ago, and sent by Mr. Emery, is interesting. “About the 10th of July the Kiowas had a battle with the Utes, in which the Chief, Heap-of-Bears, and seven other Kiowa braves were killed. Heap-of-Bears had on his person the Medicine of the Kiowas, which w^as captured by the Utes, who still retain it. This Medicine consists of an image about eighteen inches in length, carved to represent a human face, and covered with the down and feathers of the Eagle and other birds, and swathed in wrappers of difierent mate- rials of value. Although I have been conversant with Indian habits and customs for a long time, I was surprised to find the value these people attach to this Medicine. They begged and implored Col. Murphy to recover it for them, and promised to pay the Utes as many horses as they wanted, and also to make a permanent and lasting peace, not only with the Utes, but also to refrain from farther depre- dations on the Texas border, if this image should be restored. Col. Murphy promised to endeavor to recover it, but I think his success in the matter will be doubtful, as the Utes also attach great importance to their capture, believing that while they retain it, the Kiowas will be powerless to do them harm.” ESSEX INSTITUTE PRESS. To facilitate the printing of the publications a stand of type was obtained and placed in the lower western ante- room of Plummer Hall. Mr. William S. West was employed in January, 1866, to devote the time to com- position, not otherwise required in the care of the building — the press work being done elsewhere. An enlargement of this plan soon became a great desidera- tum ; more type was needed ; also a press and other materials requisite for a printing office. These were obtained from funds contributed by a few friends, and hence was established the "Essex Institute Press,’’ which, in the October following, commenced operations in the "Union Building,” corner of Essex and Union streets, Salem. This building was erected and is now owned by 23 the "Salem Union Street Corporation,” a brief acco.imt of which, with a few historical reminiscences, are contained in the following article. In September, 1867, the Press was removed to the Central Building, on Central street, its present location. The associations that cluster around this locality are numerous, and a recital of them may, at some future time, be deemed of sufficient importance to be presented to the readers of the Bulletin. The office is now fully equipped with type, and the various materials requisite in a first-class book printing establishment, with the excep- tion of the Presses which are inadequate for the work required, consequently a portion of the presswork is done elsewhere. The great desideratum is a large Press and steam power to operate the same, and we trust that all friends of the institutions in this place, for the promotion of science and useful knowledge, will aid in the accom- plishment of this result. Great credit is due to Mr. John O’Donnell, the fore- man, and to the compositors and pressmen iii the office, for the fine appearance of everything that emanates there- from, which will bear comparison with the work of similar establishments. The following books are now being printed at the office : The Gth vol. of the Proceedings and Communications of the Essex Institute, 8vo ; the 10th vol. of the Historical Collections of the Essex Institute, 8vo; the 1st vol. of the Bulletin of the Essex Institute, 8vo (issued monthly) ; the 1st vol. of the Memoirs of the Peabody Academy of Science, large 8vo; the 3d vol. of the American Natu- ralist, 8vo (issued monthly) ; the Guide to the Study of Insects, by Dr. Packard, 8vo (issued in parts, six parts now out); the 1st Annual Report of the Peabody Academy of Science, 8vo ; the 17th vol. of the Proceedings of the American Association for the Advance- ment of Science (Chicago Meeting) ; the Genealogy of the Stickney Family, by Matthew A. Stickney, 8vo ; the Record of American Ento- mology for the year 1868, 12mo; Several other works are also in waiting. 24 UNION BUILDING. A meeting of subscribers to the building to be erected on Union street, was held on Tuesday evening, May 31, 1808 ; votes were passed to purchase of Mr. John Watson, his land and buildings on the western side of Union street, for the sum of five thousand dollars, and also to apply to the Legislature for an Act of Incorporation. The act having passed the two branches of the Legislature, received the approval of the Governor, June 10, 1808. The meeting for accepting the Act and for organization was held June 17, 1808. The Act of Incorporation limited the number of shares to one hundred, and the capital to $40,000. The By-laws direct that the stock be divided into forty shares ; that the annual meeting be held on the second Tuesday in June. The following officers were chosen : — Directors, — Benjamin Pickman, President; Gamaliel Hodges, Samuel Archer, 3d, Thomas M. Woodbridge, Ilobert Stone, jr. Clerk, — John Moriarty. Treasurer, — James C. King. Gamaliel Hodges, Thomas M. Woodbridge and W. B. Parker, were appointed the superintending committee of construction. The Union Building at its erection, had two shops on Essex street and one on Union street, also three tenements for dwellings, on Union street. The eastern shop on Essex street was soon occupied by Thomas M. Vinson, for the sale of Dry Goods. Mr. V. came to Salem a few years previous and taught a school in the Vestry of the South Church, on Cambridge street. He entered the army in 1812; was Major of the 34th Kegiment in 1813, and Lieutenant-Colonel in 1814, and when the army was reduced in 1815, received an honorable discharge. He then accepted an appointment in the Custom House, Boston, which he held many years. He was a respectable man and a good, officer. Goodhue & Warner, both from Ipswich, had a grocery in the south- ern shop, on Union street. They soon removed to Franklin Building. William Stearns occupied the eastern shop in the autumn of 1816, and for several subsequent years as a drug and grocery store. During his occupancy that and the southern store were united. The Merchants Bank was instituted in 1811, and on the 29th of August of that year, leased the western store for their banking room, for a period of twenty years, and continued until the removal to Bowker’s Building. The first officers were Benjamin W. Crownin- shield. President; John Saunders, Cashier; John White Treadwell, Principal Clerk; Joseph Story, Joseph Winn, Jonathan Neal, James Devereux, Stephen White, John Dodge, jr., Joseph Ropes and Robert Stone, jr., Directors. The Essex and Salem, the only banks then in Salem, were under the control of the Federalists, and party spirit 25 interrupted business and social relations. The Republicans com- plained that they did not receive suitable accommodations at these two banks, and they accordingly obtained the charter of the Merchants, whose officers, and most if not all of its stockholders, were of the Republican party. The site of this building was a part of the estate owned by the Elder John Browne, one of the early settlers. After his death it came into the possession of his son James, then his daughter Hannah, wife of William Pickering, then to her daughter Elizabeth, wife of Abraham Watson, then to her son John Watson, who in 1808, sold to the present owners. It was preoccupied by three buildings, two of which were very ancient. An old house in a very decayed condition was, on Essex street, tenanted by several families. In the rear was an old building which had been used for many years as a school-room, by Master John Watson, an eminent and successful teacher in his day, and a very worthy man. He was a son of Deacon Abraham and Elizabeth (Pickering) Watson, and he lived in the house on the eastern corner of Essex and Union streets. His mother was a daughter of Capt. William Pickering, who commanded the “Province Galley” for the protection of the fishermen from the depredations of the French in 1707. His father was from Cambridge, but came in early life to Salem. His wife was Abigail, daughter of Capt. John and Abigail (Blaney) White. She died August 19, 1806, aged 54. He died October 31, 1813, aged 67. He was succeeded in the school by Master Pennel, an Englishman, who came here from Boston. His family occupied a tenement in the old house above mentioned. South of the school-house was a more modern wooden building, used by a Mr. Baker, from Ipswich, for the manufacture and sale of hats. For many of the above facts we are indebted to the kindness of W. B. Parker, Esq., who is an officer of the corporation and the keeper of its records ; and to Hon. B. F. Browne, who has done a good service in the preservation of materials for our local history, by his valuable contributions to the publications of the Essex Institute, and to the newspapers of this city. * A SKETCH OF THE LIFE OF THE LATE HORACE MANN. BY A FRIEND AND ASSOCIATE. Biographical sketches of our late departed friends sometimes sound like solemn mockeries. When in rising, ripening youth, a man of promise is cut down unexpectedly to the majority of his friends, the ESSEX INST. BULLETIN. 4 26 mind refuses to accept as final, an end so unhoped for. It is hard to believe that the column starting from a broad base, and promising to tower into higher and purer regions, is suddenly snapped in mid air, leaving us only the incomplete shaft, an emblem at once of past great- ness and of unrealized hopes. We are too apt to take as the measure of a life, perfect in its details and symmetrical in its proportions, days instead of deeds ; to regard lengthened existence as a substitute for a genuine, fruitful one. A sketch of the character and labor of the late Horace Mann will suffice to show that the popular estimate is false, for here we see a man who in early life had developed a character of singular simplicity and purity, and who had distinguished himself in the con- test between knowledge and ignorance. The departure of such men leaves a vague longing after something expected, yet undone. A deeper thought, however, convinces us that the loss is simply one of quantity, not quality ; that years would have brought, as only years could bring, the fruition of all our hopes. Such lives show no failures. They only point to past success and conquests about to be entered upon. In truth, then, — “If we drop our tears. Who loved him as few men were ever loved, We mourn no blighted hope, nor broken plan With him whose life stands rounded and approved In the full growth and stature of a man.” Horace, the eldest son of Horace and Mary Mann, was born in Bos- ton, on the 25th of February, 1844. To him was denied the excessive vitality, so characteristic of boyish life, that leads its possessor into vigorous bodily exercise. For such sports he seemed to have but little relish. His nervous, sensitive temperament, inclined him rather to the more quiet enjoyment of intellectual life. Rude boys were too much for him, and he fied from their presence. Even at the earliest age, quiet, thoughtful boys older than himself, were his chosen com- panions. Some of the maladies incident to childhood afiected him more seriously than they do most children, and intensified the morbid action of his nerves. Though very fond of his younger brothers, he once, when a child, wished that he could die, and when pressed for the reason, he at last unwillingly confessed that it was “because the boys made so much noise.” Ever after, suftering for a whole year from the effects of a cold taken during the mumps, a heavy footfall had been painful to him. This alarming sensitiveness, of course, enlisted the greatest sympathy, and every arrangement was made to defend him against the robust play of stronger children. He also resolved, very early in his childhood, when his sympathies even for 27 animals were too keen for comfort, never to care much for any one, for then he should not suffer. But that resolution was not easily kept, and he did love and consequently suffer. He made idols very early, and never quite lost the tendency to do so, but he never liked to hear another express the same disappointment he felt. The idols acquired a certain sacredness in his eyes from the very fact of the idealization. His father, who was born with the same sensitiveness, frequently said of him that it would require all the prosperity the world could give to make it worth while for him to have been born. To one so constituted, the joy in the universe which made his happiness was the most fitting compensation. Perhaps to this weakness of body, we may in part attribute that all-absorbing interest in study, the final development of which, in after years, explained his rapid mental advance, and now entitles his name to a place on the list of our botani- cal celebrities. But his early education was not so much a lessoning from books, as by handling the objects of nature and learning her laws from the lips of his father. He was not sent to school till he was twelve years old, with the exception of a few months when seven. He was then sent to the Model Department of the West Newton Normal School, because his natural love of order and routine made the home lessons harassing at a time when his mother’s cares pre- vented the regularity of attention he craved. The discipline of the school was excellent, neither too lax nor too stringent, and he was very happy in it for a time. The feature of it that interested him chiefly, was the daily lesson in Mineralogy, for this fed the taste already acquired for the study of nature — Conchology and Botany having been made interesting to him at home. His enthu- siasm about the stones he collected was so great that a kind friend sent him a barrel of Russian minerals. Never did king feel so rich. They were examined, named and labelled in the childish handwriting and spelling, and carefully preserved all his life. A sandstone, from Ehren breitstein, was labelled Ehren’s Broad Stone, and this is a good sample of his method of learning by ideas rather than by words. He had not a good verbal memory, and could never get rote lessons, but he never forgot anything he learned by the aid of eyesight and ideas. His father was clearly of the opinion that the study of nature is a better discipline for the mind than the study of heathen mythology, and it was a great gratification to the son, in after life, to find this very expression in his father’s writings. To the boy no new item of knowledge or youthful discovery was satisfactory till he had “talked about it with p^apa.” He would watch at the door of the study, for intervals of leisure from company and from literary labors, to seize the opportunity for these delightful talks. His father was also in the habit of taking his children to mills and factories, to show them 28 processes and machinery. Horace learnt very early a simple method of drawing from nature, by a system that did not involve scientific explanations, and when he was eight or nine years old, he would try to describe machines to his mother by drawing them. He afterwards showed a talent for drawing figures, and might have excelled in that accomplishment, if he could have found time from more absorbing occupations for it. Early exercises and sports in geometry made him practically familiar with that branch of mathematics, which was always easy to him, and he was a good arithmetician and algebraist when quite young. His first lessons in geography were from that edition of Woodbridge’s Atlas that has figures of animals and plants in their respective locali- ties, and from an encyclopedic work on the subject, illustrated on every page with fine wood-cuts. He excelled in drawing maps, and from his habit of poring over pictures, and from oral instruction upon geography and history combined, the lines of maps were never unipeaning lines to him. He was particularly charmed with Goethe’s mountain, on which the vegetation of difterent latitudes is paralleled by difterent altitudes. When he became a botanist the geographical distribution of plants was very interesting to him, and he was always in the habit of reading with a map by his side. When in Washington for two winters he enjoyed the freedom of the Patent Office, and became familiar with the objects obtained on Wilkes’ Exploring Expedition, and also with Mr. Titian Peele’s collection of the Fauna of the District of Columbia. The model machine rooms were also very attractive to him, and all that could be then seen of the Smithsonian Institution, at that time in its infancy. His boyish desire for travel was to see the scenery of the world, rather than of man’s achievements or their ruins, and he used to make himself quite unhappy with the fear that cultivation and railroads would go everywhere before he should be old enough to see his own country in all its wildness. French was taught him in his childhood by living speech, and he studied both Latin and German by a colloquial, rather than by a gram- matical method, when quite young, but his knowledge of those languages was not extensive. His philological powers, however, were well exercised by these early studies, so that he had a good command of his own language. He had no taste for the classics ; there were too many interesting books to read, and things to do, to waste time upon them, as he thought. The love of nature, which dates back into his early childhood, from the time when h^ felt the quiet enjoyment of the new world, on the flowery banks of Concord river, sitting in his basket carriage, and the contemplative rambles of later life, in the same vicinity, leave on an observer the impression of a 29 child set apart to minister in the temple of nature. He registered his future vocation when in maturer years he said, *‘out of botany all to me is blank.” With more propriety he might have said, out of nature all to me is blank. Exclusive attention to one branch of natural science was out of the question. His broad, catholic tendencies could tolerate no such divorce of one kingdom from another. Uncon- sciously to himself, the unity in all was a potent element in leading him to devote himself to science. The harmony everywhere evinced was suited to a nature so thoughtful as his. The passionate ardor with which he pursued this idea, thereby becoming acquainted with the divine plan, lightened to him many labors of details involved in his mode of investigation. One of his characteristics was that he could not do anything well but in his own way, and he had a strong will to bring that way about. If he set his heart upon anything he was unhappy till he could attain his wish, and very persistent in his pursuit of it. Perhaps the great- est trial of his childish life was the ungratified desire for a pistol, and subsequently for a gun, the possession of which had to be deferred till he came to years of discretion. In early childhood he was shocked and made unhappy for a long time b}^ finding out that men used guns against one another. The knowledge came on the same occasion that revealed to him the shooting of birds, sufficiently distressing in itself, for he loved birds as well as flowers, which he did not like to pull to pieces even to learn the mysteries of their structure. Probably the desire for the fire-arm grew first out of a sense of danger. The whole subject of war was discussed by degrees, and he was led to feel that there were some things dearer and nobler than life, and that men were driven by the injustice and encroachments of each other to defend themselves in this fearful way. But the whole subject of “man’s inhumanity to man,” was a painful one to so sensitive a child, who had fviiown only love and kindness, and the “gun-man” was a sad subject often recurred to. He was not a timid child, however, and always showed personal courage and pluck when the defenceless were assailed. He was evidently meant to dwell in a robust body, for he may be said to have had a robust soul. Nothing stirred him so powerfully as narratives of bold enterprise. Preternaturally sensitive children are apt to become selfish, but he always showed conscience and considera- tion about his own wants. It troubled him that the articles he wished for to gratifiy his taste for the study of science were so expensive, but his parents tried to make him feel that they wished him to have everything that would conduce to his improvement, and when in after years he came into possession of his little patrimony, which he did virtually long before he was of age, his mother told him that it had been laid by for him at much personal sacrifice, that he might not 30 sufter for means of education, as his father had done, and gave him full liberty to furnish himself with all the books and apparatus he needed, and rarely interfered even with advice to restrain him, for he conscientiously devoted it to his education. We are assured by those who know him most intimately, that when he came into legal posses- sion he was ever ready to share it with others for the same purpose. In his maturer days we And him urging a friend to accept a lucrative position, and even using his influence to obtain it for him, though at the same time by that very act he was depriving himself of the place, at once honorable and paying. Again he asked the same friend to take as a gift, some hundreds of species of plants, and does it in the follow- ing language : “I have two or three packages of plants laid aside for you which I wish to send on soon, not from any kind feeling but because I wish to have them out of the way.” Even mere statements of disinterested friendship are sufficiently rare to make them valuable ; acts of a similar character come but once in a great while, and we always acknowledge a refreshing sensation on seeing them. It is a source of regret to his friends, that habitual modesty, or rather a painful under estimate of his own worth, often cut him oft' from a sympathy that must have been gratifying to him if he had known of its existence. It was given to few persons to know how deep down in his nature were rooted the purest sentiments of humanity. They were not kept on the surface for public exhibition. He was seldom demonstrative, and the mass of mankind would never have dreamed that beneath his reserve was an exquisite tenderness which would not allow the infliction of pain on the meanest creature. A long tried domestic friend, who has known him as people can only be known in their own family, hearing that a sketch was to be written of him by some one, came to his mother and said, — “It ought to be told of Mr. Horace how kind and good he always was to the poor — how much thoughtfulness he had for them, and for everybody that had work to do — and how patiently and uncomplain- ingly he bore his illness.” To this devoted friend, who shared his love of all natural objects, he always showed any interesting or novel specimen, and called her to see the hidden glories of the microscopic world. Such a tribute as this is worth recording. There is something of conscious purity in one who, through all the varying conditions of life, remains steadfast in his chosen plan, and in the darkest hours still sees beyond the cloud eternal goodness and justice smiling on him. Bad men or persons of negative goodness can never look thus hopefully on the future. He wrote to his mother from the Hawaiian Islands that he hoped she kept her promise not to be anxious about him, that he was well and enjoying every moment, adding, “and if anything should happen 31 to me there is the whole delightful future.” The quiet trust of our frieud meant, “ And so beside the silent sea I wait the muffled oar; No harm from Him can come to me On ocean or on shore. I knoAV not where His islands lift Their fronded palms in air, I only know I cannot drift Beyond his love and care.” [ To be concluded.'] OEDER OF MEETINGS. Regular semi-monthly meeting held Feb. 1st. President in the chair. Records were read. Recent Correspondence and Donations were announced. The President read an interesting’ paper prepared by David R. Pea- body, upon the temperance organizations in the citj^ of Salem, formed since 1841, vide next number. Voted, — That the thanks of the Institute be given to Mr. Peabody for his valuable paper, and that it be referred to the Committee on Publication. The President presented a manuscript memoir of Horace Mann, jr., from a friend and associate, vide page 25. Voted, — To refer this also to the Committee on Publication, and that the thanks of the Institute be tendered to the writer. Mr. E. W. Putnam exhibited several specimens of trout, about two weeks old, which had been placed in his charge for the purpose of having them drawn for a paper in the Naturalist, by Dr. A. Coolidge of Boston. These specimens were all monstrosities, and presented the following characteristics : — One had a second head and anterior part of the body growing out from its side, while another had two heads and was double throughout its anterior portion, but with a per- fect and single tail portion. Other specimens exhibited a singular curvature of the spine which had prevented the fish, when alive, from swimming except in a circle. Dr. Coolidge has noted the fact that in all the several double headed monsters of trout that he has had alive that it was the left head that governed the motions of the fish, the right head in every case holding an inferior position. Mr. Putnam gave a farther account of the anatomy of these singular specimens, from information furnished him by Dr. Coolidge, which was followed by a discussion of such malformations as illustrative of the principle of germination, during which Dr. A. H. Johnson noticed the latest 32 tlieory of the cause of monstrosities, and Mr. A. Hyatt gave an account of the development of certain species of Polyzoa, illustrating the same with drawings, showing the principle of propagation by budding among the lower animals. Mr. Putnam also read extracts from a communication received from Mr. Dexter, of West Barnstable, Mass., giving an account of the fish farm where the monstrosities mentioned were raised. At Mr. Dexter’s place they had been very successful in raising trout and salmon. This paper contains a very full description of a fish farm with its breeding house and ponds for the Ashes of diAerent ages, and will be printed in full in the May or June number of the Naturalist. Kegular semi-monthly meeting, Peb. 15th. President in the chair. The Records were read. Recent Correspondence and Donations were announced. Edward S. Morse presented a paper from Mr. Harper Pease of Honolulu, Sandwich Islands, entitled “Vertigo inhabiting Polynesia, with descriptions of new species.” He enumerates six species as having been described from this region, and describes seven new species. He adds in a letter, that he has “discovered that they are distributed all over Polynesia, even on the Atolls, not elevated over Ave or six feet above the sea.” Mr. Morse then discussed the generic characters of this group, and described some of the characteristics of our native species of vertigo. The President mentioned that the local committee of the American Association for the Advancement of Science — the meeting to be held in Salem, commencing on Wednesday, Aug. 18, 1869 — had been organized, and gave an interesting sketch of the Institution, with a few reminiscences of some of those who were the active participants of the earlier meetings. , A number of geologists, who had been employed in the State Sur- veys, had felt the necessity of stated meetings for the interchange ot opinions and observations, and conceived that great beneAt would result therefrom in the prosecution of their investigations. In re- sponse to a circular issued by the members of the New York Survey, eighteen gentlemen met on the 2d of April, 1840, at the Rooms of the Franklin Institute, in Philadelphia, organized an association under the name of “The Association of American Geologists,” and continued in session two days. At the third meeting in Boston, commencing on Monday, April 5, 1842, a Constitution and By-laws were adopted, and the objects of the association enlarged so as to embrace the collat- eral branches of the Natural Sciences, and the name was changed to “The Association of American Geologists and Naturalists.” At the meeting in September, 1847, another important step was taken, and the sphere of operations enlarged so as to embrace, hence- 33 forth, the advancement of all the departments of positive knowledge, and the promotion of intercourse between those who are zealous for their cultivation. In the reorganization the name adopted was “The American Association for the Advancement of Science.” The meet- ings have been held annually (except during the years 1861 to 1865, inclusive) in different cities of the Union, and have contributed large- ly to the progress of American Science. Candidates for membership were proposed. Adjourned. LETTERS ANNOUNCED. Akhurst, J., Brooklyn, N. Y., Jan. 25; Aldrich, T. H., Troy, N. Y., Jan. 19, 23; Allen, B. R., Marblehead, Feb. 4; Almy, James F., Salem, Jan. 29; American Philosophical Society, Philadelphia, Feb. 5; Atkinson, F. P., Cambridge, Feb. 10; Boardman, Samuel L., Augusta, Me., Feb. 5; Boston Public Library, Boston, Jan. 23; Brown, W. B., Marblehead, Feb. 1; Dali, H., Washington, D. C., Jan. 20; Deane, R., Cambridge, Feb. 4; Dreer, F. J., Philadelphia, Feb. 5; Elder, J. G., Lewiston, Me., Feb. 8; Fellows, R. J., New Haven, Conn., Feb. 13; Freiburg, Die Naturforshende Gesellschaft, Oct. 18, 1868; Goodwin, W. F., Richmond, Va., Jan. 12, 28; Harvard College, Corporation of, Cambridge, Jan. 19; Hazeltine, Amos, jr., Haverhill, Jan. 29; How, Moses, Haverhill, Jan. 28; Howard, Charles D., Peabody, Jan. 25; Jenks, E. H., Pawtucket, R. I., Nov. 30, 1868; Kennedy, George G., Rox- bury, Feb. 5; Langworthy, I. P., Boston, Feb. 5; London, Society of Antiquaries, Nov.23, 1868; London Zoological Society, Nov.l6, 1868; Lugduno-Batavae, Bibliotheca Universitatis, Sept. 14, 1868; Lynn Public Library, Feb. 2; Maine Historical Society, Brunswick, Jan. — ; Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston, Jan. 19; Mead, Theodore L., New York, Jan. 19; Newhall, Josiah, Lynnfleld, Feb. 5; New York Lyceum of Natural History, New York, Jan. 25; Nurnberg, Die Natur- historische, Gesellschaft, Oct. 1, 1868; Owen, Richard, Bloomington, Ind., Jan. 23, Feb. 10; Park, Frank, Indianapolis, Ind., Jan. 16; Peabody Institute, Baltimore, Md., Jan. 30; Perkins, Henry C., Newburyport, Jan, 28; Poole, Stephen D., Lynn, Jan. 20, Feb. 3; Putnam, Moses W., Haverhill, Jan. 29; Quebec Literary and Historical Society, Quebec, Jan. 21; Reakirt, John, Philadelphia, Jan. 5; Runkle, J. D., Boston, Jan. 26; Sampson, Davenport & Co., Boston, Feb. 3; Thornton, J. Wingate, Boston, Mch. 15; Uhler, P. R., Baltimore, Md., Jan. 27; Veatch, Charles, Keytesville, Mo., Feb. 6; Verrill, A. E., New Haven, Conn., Jan. 16, Feb. 2; Waters, J. Linton, Chicago, 111., Jan. 15; Warren, G. K., St. Paul, Minn., Dec. 18, 1868. ADDITIONS TO THE LIBRARY. BY DONATION. Butler, B. F., M. C. Sherman’s Speech in U. S. Senate, Jan. 6, 1869, on “ Char- tering of Railroad Companies,” 8vo. pamph; Shank’s Speech in U. S. House of Representatives, Jan. 7, 1869, on “Recognition of Crete, 8vo. pamph.; Logan’s Speech in U. S. House of Representatives, Jan. 8, 1869, on “ Tenure of Office,” 8vo, pamph.; Cary’s Speech in U. S. House of Representatives, Jan. 5, 1869, 8vo, 5 ESSEX INST. BULLETIN. 34 pamph.; Monthly Report of Dep’t of Agriculture, for Nov. and Dec., 1868, 8vo, paniph.; BoutwelPs Speech in U. S. House of Representatives, Jan. 23, 1869; Sumner’s Speech in U. S. Senate, Feb. 5, 1869; Daily Globe Supplement, Feb. 12, 1869. Goodwix, Wm. F., U. S. Army. Correspondence between Gilmer and McCul- loch, 8vo. pamph., Richmond, 1869. Hyatt, Alpheus. Report on the Mineral resources of U. S. A., 1 vol. 8vo, Washington, 1868; Report on the Commercial Relations of the U. S. with Foreign Nations, 1 vol. 8vo, Washington, 1868, ' Iowa State University. Catalogue for 1867-8, 8vo, pamph. Lee, John C. Commercial Bulletin for January. Coring, George B. Files of Boston Post for 1868. Munsell, Joel, Albany, N. Y. Miscellaneous pamphlets, 13. Parker, George A. Thesaurus Linguae Sanctae, Sive Lexicon Hebraicum, Authore Sancte Pagnino, 1 vol. folio, Lugduni, 1577. Peabody, John P. The Hoop Skirt, 9 Nos., Salem, 1868 and 1869. Smith, A. Augustus. Boston Directory for 1864, 1 vol. 8vo. Staten, Mrs. D. F. Anti-Popery, by J. Rogers, 1 vol. 8vo, London, 1846; Les Ruines de Pompei, 12mo, Naples, 1858; Songs of Zion, 1 vol. 12mo, Boston; Good- rich’s History, 1 vol. 12mo, Boston, 1848; Beeklard’s Physiology, 1 vol. 18mo, New York, 1842; Pamphlets, 10. Stone, Benj. W. Seventh and eighth Annual Reports of the Commissioners of Public Charities and Correction, 2 vols. 8vo., New York, 1867, and Albany, 1868; Manual for the use of N. Y, Legislature, 1867 and 1868, 2 vols. 12mo, Albany, 1867, 1868. Stone, E. M., of Providence, R. I. Twenty-seventh Annual Report of the Ministry at large, 8vo, pamph.. Providence, 1869. Sumner, Charles, U. S. Senate. Morton’s Speech in U. S. Senate, Dec. 16, 1868, on •' the resumption of specie payments”; Monthly Report of Dep’t of Agri- culture, Nov. and Dec., 1868, 8vo, pamph. BY exchange. American Philosophical Society. Proceedings, No. 80, 8vo, pamph. Boston Public Library. Bulletin for January, 8vo, pamph. Boston Society of Natural History. Proceedings, vol. xii, sigs. 13, 14. Freiburg, Gesellschaft fur Beforderung der Naturwissenschaften. Bericht uber die verhandlungen, Band v, Helt 1, 8vo, Freiburg, 1868. Iowa State Historical Society. Annals of Iowa, for Jan., 1869, 8vo, pamph. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Fourth Annual Catalogue of Officers and Students, for 1868-89, 8vo, pamph. New York Historical Society. “Historic Progress and Democracy,” an Address by J. L. Motley, Dec. 16, 1868, 8vo, pamph. Nurnberg, Naturhistorische Gesellschaft. Abhandkungen der. Band hi, Halfte 1, 11, and Band iv, 8 pamphlets, 8vo. Philadelphia Academy of Natural Sciences. Proceedings for Sept, and Oct., 1868, 8vo, pamph. Publishers. American Journal of Conchology, vol. 4, pt. 4; American Litei*ary Gazette, Jan. 15, Feb. l;.Book Buyer, Jan. 15; Canadian Naturalist, Jan. — ; Chris- tian AYorld, Feb. — ; Cosmos, Feb. 13; Essex Banner, Jan. 22, 29, Feb. 5, 12; Gardener’s Monthly, Feb. — ; Gloucester Telegraph, Jan. 20, 23, 27, 30, Feb. 3, 6, 10, 13; Hardwick’s Science Gossip, Jan. 1, Feb. 1; Haverhill Gazette, Jan. 22, 29, Feb. 5, 12; Land and Watei’, Nov. 28, Dec. 12, 19, 26, Jan. 2, 9; Lynn Reporter, Jan. 20, 23, 27, 30, Feb. 3, 6, 10, 13; Medical and Surgical Reporter, Jan. 16, 23, 30, Feb. 6; 35 Nation, Jan. 21, Feb. 11 ; Naturalist’s Note Book, Feb. — ; Peabody Press, Jan. 20, 27, Feb. 3; Salem Observer, Jan. 23, 30, Feb. 6, 13; Triibner’s American and Ori- ental Literary Record Jan. 15; Western Bookseller, Feb. 1. ADDITIONS TO THE MUSEUMS OF THE INSTITUTE AND THE PEABODY ACADEMY OF SCIENCE. Willis G. Burnham, Essex. A beautifully made Stone Axe, found in Essex. Brown E. Shaw, Salem. A framed Photograph of the Hairy Family of Ava, Burma, and one of a Group of Andamanese, Natives of the Andaman Islands, Bay of Bengal. John R. Mansfield, Salem. Malformed Egg of Common Fowl. A Friend, Salem. Four steel spurs used by the Malays for arming fighting cocks. T. S. Brigham, Salem. Two specimens of Snow Buntings (Plectrophanes nivalis) and two Lesser Red-poll Linnet (JEgiothus linarius), from Salem. H. B. Griffin, Salem. Egg case containing embryo of Skate, from Rockport. J. G. Willis, Salem. Embryo of Porpoise, and a young Flying Fish, taken on the passage from New York to Zanzibar. Rev. A. B. Kendig, Davenport, Iowa. A collection of shells from the vicinity of Davenport. L. T. Lee. U. S. Coast Survey. Twenty-seven specimens of Algse, from Tor- tugas, Fla. Samuel Killam, Boxford. Carcasses of three Foxes, three specimens of Snow Bunting (P. nivalis), and one Snipe (Scolopax gallinago), all from the vicinity of Boxford. , Portland Society of Natural History. Three specimens of Liparis sp., found among Eel-grass in Portland Harbor; collected by C. B. Fuller. Charles G. Atkins, Augusta, Me. Living specimens of Young Salmon, and Eggs of Salmo fontinalis, from Grand River, Me. John H. Sears, Danvers. A Stone Hatchet from Danvers, Carbonate of Lime from the same place, and Casts of Fossil Shells from Iowa. Three specimens of Woodpecker (Picus villosus), shot at Boxford. J. C. Johnson, Newburyport. Head of Symnus brevipinna, taken off New- buryport. W. S. Cook, Salem. Minerals from Mt. Washington. Samuel Killam, Boxford. Specimen of Pine Grosbeak (Pinicola Canadensis), shot at Boxford. Charles Fisher, Salem. Specimens of Gold, Silver, Copper and Lead ores, from Califox’nia and Nevada. Robert Upton, Salem, Pai’tial skeleton of Lomvia sp. Capt. H. D. Hall, U. S. R. M. Specimen of Squilla from Cape Fear River, N. C. William Grover, Salem. Four specimens of Leda thracijeformis, from the stomachs of Sand dabs, taken in the vicinity of Salem. DUPLICATES. Lists of this kind, which from time to time will be printed, show what we have to offer in conducting exchanges, or for sale. Adams, John Quincy. Oration on the life and character of Lafayette, Dec. 31, 1834, 8vo, pamph., Washington, 1835. 50 cts. Allen, M. O. History of Wenham, 1 vol. 12mo, Boston, 1860. $1.25. Boston Almanac, twenty-three vols., from 1839 tol862, wanting only 1860, $5.00. 36 Farmer’s Almanac, from 1795 to 1864, wanting only 1797, 1800, 1801, 1805, 1806; in all sixty-five numbers ; good order. $12.00. Christian Almanac, 1821 to 1861, wanting 1835, 1837, 1838, 1843, 1855, 1856, 1857, 1858. Tsaiah Thomas’ Almanac, from 1790 to 1821, wanting 1791-3-4-5, 1809-10, 1811- 12-14-15-16-17-19. Unitarian Annual Register, 1846 to 1858, wanting 1848. American Anti-slavery Almanac, from 1836 to 1843, wanting 1841, 1842. Belknap, Jeremy. The History of New Hampshire, 3 vols. 8vo, Boston, 1792. $9.00. Brazer, John. Discourse at the intei’ment of Dr. E. A. Holyoke, 8vo, pamph., Salem, 1829. 35 cts. Sermon, on anniversary of ordination, Nov. 19, 1837, 8vo, pamph., Salem, 1837. 35 cts. Discourse on the life and character of Hon. L. Salton- stall, 8vo, pamph., Salem, 1845. 35 cts. Discourse on the death of Hon. Benjamin Rickman, 8vo, pamph., Salem, 1843. 35 cts. Briggs, G. W. Eulogy on Abraham Lincoln, June 1, 1865, 8vo., pamph, Salem, ■ 1865 . 35 cts. Address on the Birth-day of Washington, Feb. 22, 1862, 8vo, pamph., Salem, 1862 . 35 cts. Bromfield, John, Reminiscences of (not published), 1 vol. 8vo, Salem, 1852. Burlingame, Anson. Oration at Salem, July 4, 1854, 8vo, pamph, Salem, 1854. 35 cts. Clapp, Dexter. Discourse on the death of Rev. James Flint, 8vo, pamph., Salem, 1855 . 35 cts. Coffin, Joshua. The Toppans of Toppan’s Lane, 8vo, pamph., Newburyport, 1862. 30 cts. Emerson, Brown. Sermon on the thirty-eighth anniversary of ordination, 8vo, pamph., Salem, 1843 . 30 cts. Everett, Edward. Eulogy on the life and character of J. Q. Adams, 8vo, pamph., Boston, 1848. 50 cts. Address in commemoration of Adams and Jeffer- son, 8vo, pamph., Boston, 1826. 50 cts. Felt, J. B. Annals of Salem, 2d edition, 2 vols. 12mo, Salem, 1845-9. $5.00. Who is the first Governor of Massachusetts, 8vo, pamph., Boston, 1843. 30 cts. History of Ipswich, Essex and Hamilton, 1 vol. 8vo, Cambridge, 1834. $3.00. Memoir or defence of Hugh Peters, 8vo, pamph., Boston, 1851. 50 cts. Flint, James. Discourse on the death of Rev. John Brazer, 8vo, pamph., Salem, 1846 . 30 cts. Gage, Thomas. History of Rowley, 1 vol. 12mo, Boston, 1840. $5.00. Gay, Ebenezer. “The Old Man’s Calendar” Discourse, Aug. 26, 1783 , 8vo, pamph., Salem, 1822. 25 cts. Greenough, N. W. Oration at Boston, July 4, 1849, 8vo, pamph., Boston, 1849. 25 cts. Lewis, A. and Newhall, J. R. History of Lynn, 1 vol. 8vo, Boston, 1865. $4.00. Mills, Robert C. An Historical Discourse on the fiftieth anniversary of the FirstBaptist Church, Salem, Mass., Dec. 24, 1854, 8vo, pami^h., Boston, 1855 . 50 cts. Neal, Daniel. The History of the Puritans, 5 vols. 8vo, Portsmouth, 1816, full bound in sheep. $15.00. New England Historical and Genealogical Register, vols. 1 to 16, 16 vols. 8vo, Bos- ton, 1847, &c., bound in cloth, gilt. $40.00. Newhall, James R. The Essex Memorial, 1 vol. 12mo, Salem, 1836. $1.25. Osgood, George. Historical Sketch of North Danvers, 8vo, pamph., Salem, 1855. 25 cts. Reed, J. W. History of the Reed Family in Europe and America, 1 vol. 8vo, Boston, 1861. $3.00, BULLETIN OF THE ZD^STZTTJTE. VoL. I. Salem, Mass., March, 1869. No. 3. One Dollar a Year in Advance. 10 Cents a Single Copy. FIRST HOUSES IN SALEM. BY W. P. UPHAM. The earliest permanent settlement within the limits of the Colony of Massachusetts Bay was made in 1626, at Salem, then called, by the Indians, Naumkeag, by a small company of persons, among whom were John Woodbury, John Balch, Peter Palfrey, William Trask, Thomas Gard- ner, Richard Norman, William Allen and Walter Knight, some of them with their families, and all under the super- intendence of Roger Conant, the first Governor of the infant colony. A very full and valuable account of this company of Old Planters, as they were called, written by Mr. George D. Phippen, will be found in the first volume of our Historical Collections, page 97. J. W. Thornton, Esq. , has given us a new and most interesting insight into their previous history as a company, and the nature of the government under which they were associated, in his "Landing at Cape Ann.” It seems that Conant had already explored this neck of land called Naumkeag, before finally concluding to remove ESSEX INST. BULLETIN. 5* 38 here ; and they were thus prepared to take advantage of the best locations for their dwellings. We should there- fore naturally expect to find that they at once availed themselves of the good building ground, excellent and numerous springs of water and convenient harborage, which the central portion of the town affords. Whether this was actually the case, or whether the opinion is cor- rect which has recently prevailed, that the first settle- ment was in the vicinity of Collins Cove, and near the Salem end of Beverly Bridge, we cannot at present decide with certainty. The facts of record, however, so far as they have yet been investigated, as well as the descrip- tions by contemporaneous writers, do not confirm the latter opinion, but on the contrary seem to lead to the conclusion that the first houses built in Salem, were in what is to-day the most central part of the city. Some of these facts will appear in the course of this article. After the arrival of Gov. Endicott, in 1628, the town seems to have been regularly laid out in house-lots, in compliance with the order to that effect by the Company in London. We propose here to show, so far as we have been able to ascertain, the situation of some of these house-lots, and to give the names of their first known occupants. For our authority for the facts stated, we must refer generally to the various town and county records, from which they have been almost wholly de- rived. To secure certainty, we have traced the history of many of these house-lots down to the present time ; and in many instances, in order to establish a single point, it has been necessary to bring together a great amount of facts, all of which we are obliged to omit here. In this iiKpiiry we have found great assistance from the lists of Commoner’s rights, in the Commoner’s Becords of the year 1714, when every person owning land on which i 39 a house had stood before the year 1661, had a right there- for in the Town Commons. Washington street was originally laid out four rods wide from river to river ; undoubtedly for the purpose of connecting the two primitive highways, which ran by the rivers’ side, at the point where they approach nearest together. The Fort was enclosed between this street on the east, and North street and Summer streets, which were parallel to it, on the west. Essex street was probably at first only a way to the meeting house, and did not ex- tend farther west than Washington street. This would account for the fact that the lines of Essex street, east and west of Washington street, do not agree, as they in all probability would have done if the street had been origi- nally continued across. And this fact is still more notice- able when we remember that the house which formerly occupied the site of the Stearns Block, on the corner ot these streets, stood out as far south as the curb-stone of the present sidewalk. That part of Essex street, west of Washington street, was called in 1670, "Mr. Batter’s lane.” The four meeting houses of the First Church have all occupied the same spot; the first was built in 1634, and the "unfinished building of one story,” which had been previously used for worship, was no doubt in the same vicinity. The dwelling house of Kev. Francis Higgin- son, who died here in 1630, was on ground now covered by the Asiatic Building, and faced towards the South river. That of Rev. Samuel Skelton, who died in 1634, was near where the Police Station now is, on Front street, and was called in 1643, "an old house,” being then in the possession of William Brown. The Fort above referred to was near the western corner of Sewall and Lynde streets, on what was the highest 40 land in that part of the town. Samuel Sharpe, who was sent over in 1629, by the Company in London, to take charge of military affairs, lived where the "Hunt house” lately stood, on the northern corner of Lynde and Wash- ington streets. His land, consisting of about three acres, running back to North street, was known as "Sharpe’s field.” The house, with about half an acre of land adjoin- ing, was conveyed by his son Nathaniel Sharpe, in 1684, to John Price, who, in 1698, conveyed the same land, the house having probably been taken down or removed, to Lewis Hunt, who, in 1701, built the house which was taken down a few years ago. North of the Sharpe homestead was about an acre of land, owned in 1656 by the widow Eleanor Kobinson. North of that and extending from where the Court House is, to the North river, was a homestead of two acres, conveyed in 1656, by Thomas Wilkes, a shipwright, to Thomas Hale of Newbury. Next south of Mr. Sharpe’s house was a house and one acre of land bought by Henry Cooke of Edmond Thomp- son, in 1645, and afterwards owned by Eev. Nicholas Noyes ; the house stood just south of the residence of the late liobert Brookhouse. Next south was the house and one acre of land of Robert Adams, conveyed in 1649 to Edward Norris, and next south, on the corner, lived Edmond Batter, a leading man among the early inhabi- tants. On the opposite corner, where the Horse Railroad Office now is, was a house belonging to Hugh Peters, Pastor of the Church from 1636 to 1641, which was sold to Benjamin Felton in 1659. South and west of this was the homestead of Ralph Fogg, the first town clerk, after- wards owned by John Hathorne. South of that was a small house occupied, for a time, by the Lady Deborah Moody, and next south was the homestead of Hugh Peters, afterwards occupied by John Corwin. On the 41 corner of Norman street, lived Dr. George Emory, here as early as 1637. These honse-lots on the west side of Wasliington street originally extended through to North and Summer streets, the houses being at the eastern end. [To |6e continued.l A SKETCH OF THE LIFE OF THE LATE HORACE MANN. BY A FRIEND AND ASSOCIATE. [Concluded from p. 31.] To return to liis boyhood. The next branch of natural science that interested him was cliemistry, and this interest lasted for many years. He was not satisfied with other people’s conclusions, but must make his own experiments. He was naturally cautious, and was allowed, under partial protest, to venture upon them himself ; but some acci- dents occurred. He made some gunpowder on one occasion, and thought he had failed to make it explosive, but his parents were routed early one Fourth of July morning, by his flying into their chamber with his face and hands flashed with gunpowder. He had leaned too closely over his fuse, hardly expecting the desired result. He bore the pains of the event most patiently, thinking only of the probability of being forbidden any farther experiments, bnt the lesson was left to work its own result of caution. Jle and his brother built themselves a furnace of fire-brick in the cellar, where they also had a miniature laboratory, and with the aid of a pair of blacksmith’s bellows which they persuaded their father to buy for them, imitated as well as they could the labors of a neighbor- ing foundry, where they had spent most of their leisure time for several months. Two successive professors of chemistry took great interest in Horace at this time, and allowed him to assist them in their experi- ments before the College classes. He had not then entered the Pre- paratory School of Antioch College, but he studied the same text- books that the classes used, and the Professors often wished the young men knew as much upon the subject as the boy. One of them. Dr. Henry Warrener, has since remarked, that at fourteen “he was familiar with all the leading principles of chemistry, and that his knowledge was remarkable for its accuracy.” He suffered, when he was sent to school (at twelve years of age), from want of quickness of speech and of mere verbal memory, and was sometimes removed for home study when undue pressure occurred, ESSEX INST. BULLETIN. 6 42 or any want of perfection in the performance of lessons was distress- ing to him, and his nerves needed the ease and relief of unstimulated study. When, at this age, Horace and his brothers were violently seized by the measles, to reconcile them to their confinement and to save their eyes their mother read to them, and among other books the narrative of Dr. Kane’s Arctic Expedition. This work was then excit- ing a perfect hero-worship in favor of its author. To the younger brothers the tale of danger and exposure came as a glorious romantic adventure, and in their childish emulation of Dr. Kane, chairs were turned into sledges, the fioor into an ice-field, and they played alter- nately the parts of dogs and sailors. But to Horace, who usually entered with spirit into such dramatic play, it was the labor of sci- entific men for scientific truth, as well as the desperate eflbrt of seekers for the long-lost, and subsequently a terrible struggle for life, home and happiness. So intense was his appreciation of the cost at which science and humanity were thus enriched that his brothers’ play seemed to him sacrilegious levity, and after enduring it in sorrowful silence for a time he said to his mother, “I wonder that you can let them do so, — I should as soon think of playing Jesus Christ ! ” This remark was made in no lack of reverence. It was simply a measure of his sympathy with distress and self-sacrifice. He never lost his interest in this exploration, but followed it up through all subsequent narratives, and traced out the various attempts upon maps of his own drawing. It also inspired him with a strong desire to be an explorer. Horace had been sent to visit some friends at the East, as a means of benefiting his health after a college year of rather too hard appli- cation, and was absent on the distressing occasion of his father’s last painful illness and death. When he returned to his mother she put herself and younger children, boy as he was, into his hands with the expression that he must now take care of them all. He accepted the duty with such convulsive energy of manner, that she afterwards regretted throwing such a responsibility upon him. He was never after the gay, happy boy, but prematurely a man in character and feeling. When his friend, Dr. Warrener, came to Cambridge, in 1860, to study Zoology and Comparative Anatomy, Horace, who was then living in Concord, begged very hard to join him. When urged to defer it, he plead the possibility that Professors Agassiz and Wyman might not live till he left College, for Avhich he was then prepar- ing, and finally, with the concurrence of his tutor, wJio said the boy’s mind was so intent upon his favorite pursuits that it might be best to indulge the strong tendency; for the moment the dull grammar 43 was closed, out poured the interesting items and enquiries about Chemistry and Zoology, which absorbed all his interest, and he was allowed to go. He thought he should be willing to return to Col- lege preparations, and his excessive labors in the Museum (for Prof. Agassiz was then arranging it, and his pupils worked with great enthusiasm to aid him) induced his mother to take him away at the end of the year, with the hopes of his doing so. He tried the Greek, with an interesting and able teacher, but his heart was not in it. After listening to all the arguments that could be adduced on the other side, to which he gave respectful considera- tion, in spite of his strong protest, he was allowed three months to deliberate, unmolested, between Harvard College, the Lawrence Scientific School, and West Point. Mr. R. W. Emerson, who took much kind interest in him, and who generally councils the College course, said, “If the boy has a vocation thank God for it and let him follow his genius.” Mr. Thoreau, with whom he had become inti- mate on a journey to the West, told him “no teachers ever did him any good in College.” The result of the deliberation was what might have been expected, and he rejoicingly pursued the Scientific path. In this decision he could have found many supporters among the most advanced thinkers of the age. His powers of observation became more keen than ever under the training, and he undoubtedly studied with some feverish anxiety, in order to justify his course. The field widened as he proceeded. It had been his taste and inclination, rather than any conscious process of reasoning, that had determined his course, but he grew more and more confident that he could study better alone, and with a purpose, than in classes, where the mastery of subjects was impossible, and with only a vague expectation of future good. His enthusiasm and exhaustive application became almost too intense for his bodily strength. He worked at Zoology in his leisure hours, in his own way, which was to reduce all animal life to its lowest terms — skeletons! And this gave him some out-of-door recreation. He excelled in anatomical preparations, and a large collection of alcoholic specimens attest his industry; some hundreds of these finally found their way to the Cambridge Museum, and many of the reptiles he collected went abroad to other Museums. The Museum ditch at Cambridge was supplied by himself and brothers with turtles, frogs, snakes, etc. His mother, by whom these details are furnished, writes : “ The reign of snakes was a reign of terror to the uninitiated, especially when on one occasion six or seven goodly sized ones escaped from the place of their confinement in the house and were not to be found for many days.” These details of early life serve to show that “the boy was father to the man.” 44 The course of study led him at last to Botany, to which he gave himself wholly at the time as was his wont with every scientific pur- suit. Prof. Agassiz’s friendship and direction had enlisted his inter- est in Zoology, as a science. Dr. Gray now extended the friendly hand. Soon discerning merit, the last named gentleman took him under his especial training. Prom this time — Eureka! the line of work was found. The success of the labor proves the justness of the final decision. He learned to love the science, not only for itself but for the great teacher. It was by Dr. Gray’s advice that he visited the Hawaiian Islands, in company with Mr. Wm. T. Brigham. The expedition was not only fruitful to himself, but to his favorite science, for such it became, although he ever regarded it as but one limb of that study of Geology which was to tear the secrets of time from the bosom of the earth. Of this expedition let his companion, Mr. Brigham, tell. “When Dr, Asa Gray was told I was soon to visit the Hawaiian Islands he asked me to collect the very peculiar flora of that group, and suggested the propriety of asking Horace Mann to accompany me. It was a short notice, but his friends advised him to go, and he joined me in California. Prom that time, for more than a year, we were con- stant companions, and many a long ride, many a weary walk did we share. Por more than six months we kept house together in Hono- lulu, and from the first day to the last he was the same modest, retir- ing, hard-working, unselfish, conscientioiTS man. Thoroughly alive to all the beauties and wonders of nature there surrounding him he often wrote home that he enjoyed every moment; and often, indeed, have I seen him in perfect ecstasy over the discovery of some new plant after a hard climb up some island precipice.” “As the result of our Hawaiian explorations, five new genera were added to the flora, one of wdiicli was dedicated to him under the name of Hespekomannia, and has been engraved for the next part of our Memoirs (Boston Society of Natural History) wdnle of new species of flowering plants no less than seventy-one, or more than eleven per cent, of the entire Phmnogamous Hawaiian Plora w^ere discovered. His published works, besides a number of reviews in the American Naturalist (one of which was written a short time before his death), were: — On some Hawaiian Crania and Bones. — Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist,, vol. X, p, 229. On the present condition of Kilauea and Mauna Loa. — Ibid, vol. x, p. 229. Denudation on the Hawaiian Islands. — Ibid, vol. X, p. 232. lievision of the Genus Schiedea and some of the Itutacece. — Ibid, vol. x, p. 309, Description of the Crater of Halea- kala. — Ibid, vol. xi, p. 112. Enumeration of Havmiian Plants. — Proc. Anier. Acad. Arts and Sciences, vol. vii, p. 143. Flora of the Hawaiian Islands. — Proc. Essex Institute, vol. v. The last has not been com- 45 pleted, and a number of other valuable and interesting memoirs remain unfinished.” As among his publications, we will still add a Catalogue of the Phcen- ogamous Plants of the United States, east of the 3Iississippi ; and of the Vascular Gryptogamous Plants of North America, north of Mexico. This was published during the summer of 1868, and was a work much needed to facilitate exchanges among botanists. During February, 1864, before leaving California for the Sandwich Islands, he and Mr. Brigham went together to Virginia City, in Nevada, and also to the Geysers, collecting such plants as came in the way, Horace collecting with much delight the splendid lichens of California. Mr. Mann left the Hawaiian Islands for San Francisco, en route for Cambridge, May, 1865. He and Mr. Brigham had planned a voyage to Micronesia, but at the last moment the captain refused to allow them to trade with the natives for corals, to the extent that they desired, and the project fell through. This expedition to the Hawaiian Islands proved of great advantage to his health. He had begun to loose ground by too intense applica- tion, but the constant life in the open air in a delicious climate, and his perfect dietetic habits, reinstated him completely. To use his father’s words, “he always ate to the glory of God.” With these facts before us we need hardly ask how one so young and so delicate by nature succeeded in accomplishing so much work and in doing it so well. It often happens that one element of charac- ter gives the key to all others and explains the result of a life-Avork. In the case of our departed friend this one element was thoroughness — a constant seeking after the depths. As a student he was accustomed to read and re-read the same book or articles over and over again, until, when at last it Avas laid aside, he Avas perfect master of it. Hence the accuracy of his knoAvledge. As an investigator his tenacity of purpose Avas equal to his desire to avoid error by crude observation or hasty generalization. This one feature Avas enough to have stamped him as no ordinary character ; for in this age of fierce struggle for mental supremacy tliere are feAV who can resist the temptation to rush into print with at most, but the probabilit}'- of being completely and absolutely right. This morbid desire for reputation tends rather to make its possessor notorious, and inflicts on the world legions of scientific errors. No such charge can be laid against the researches of Mr. Mann. He Avas scrupulously careful and painstaking in his observations. This is, perhaps, the proper place to ask Avliat order of mind did he evince? Was he one of those daring geniuses that come by intuition to great truths, and fling their opinions forth to the criticisms of the 46 world, with a defiant “I think thus and so,” but deign to offer no reason for what they feel assured will eventually be accepted ; or was he less a genius, and more a logical reasoner, arriving at his own con- clusions only after patient investigation, and then always able to assign a reason for his belief ? Personal friendship may in a measure disqualify the writer for passing judgment, but the latter of these two views is perhaps the more correct one. If he did dazzle us less fre- quently, there was, in a corresponding degree, a certainty that he would rarely lead us astray. Genius seldom improves much by age. Its first flight may be its loftiest. The philosophic mind grows, and comes, in time, to reach an elevation high as that gained by genius, perhaps, and does it by a method infinitely more sure. His capacity for development was large, and his efforts to reach the fullest growth unceasing, hence it is but fair to register the belief that the highest botanical interests of the country would never have suffered in his hands. All advances made were substantial and likely to need but little subsequent change or qualification. It is the testimony of those who saw most of him in his latter days that they were often surprised by his knowledge of topics which came more directly into their paths of study than his own. As the bodily frame wore out the expansion of his mind became more rapid, and his ideas clearer; the very expression of his face was noted as more brilliant than ever before. His plans of future study were laid out upon a broader scale than ever, comprising more historical re- search, for which he had a growing taste, and more metaphysical read- ing. In reference to these latter pursuits he realized anew the loss he had sustained in his father, who would have taken such a profound interest in the farther unfolding of the mind to which he had first in- troduced the wonders and glories of the universe. Mr. Mann’s intimate friends Avere chiefly persons older than himself. One of these, who has taken much interest in his botanical pur- suits, and has given him many facilities of research, remarked of him, that “he was singularly impersonal — that he never seemed to think of Horace Mann.” Indeed his modesty was such that he probably did not estimate himself at anything approaching his own value. His eye was ever on the standard that receded before him, and he never measured himself by results achieved. Sincerity was naturally another trait of such a character. It often expressed itself bluntly, Avhen in opposition to Avhat he felt to be a Avant of it. In his impatience at the inaccurate statements so often made by idle talkers, he was once heard to Avish that no one could ever speak unless they had something to communicate which they kncAV perfectly and 47 could swear to. It was suggested that society would be rather dull in the present state of knowledge ; but he still preferred the silence to the conjecture. When asked a question himself, he invariably said “I don’t know,” unless he had either examined the subject himself or felt unquestionable reliance upon the authority he quoted. He was, therefore, far from loquacious, but once launched upon a subject that he understood he was a most agreeable and entertaining companion. We should not convey an accurate impression of the balance of his character without recording that with all his gravity he had a keen sense of the ludicrous, and no one enjoyed true wit wdth a greater relish. It would elicit a smile in his weariest hours, and a well executed caricature would throw him into convulsions of laughter. He was also keenly susceptible to music, and a good judge of it. He once made some proficiency upon the piano, but it required too much time out of his busy life to be followed up to the degree of perfec- tion that alone would have satisfied him. In 1867, after several years of study in botany, he received from Harvard University his degree of Bachelor of Science. The examina- tion was no mere form, but was thorough and searching ; and resulted in a high grade being specified on his diploma. The gentlemen present, and conducting the examination, were Dr. Torrey of New York, Profs. Gray and Agassiz of Cambridge — a fit trio to w’elcome to the field of authorized, original investigation, one who had already given so many promises of future distinction. May they long live to regret the untimely fate of our late friend; to direct others in his path ; and to farther enrich the science they have so well loved. We are not left to guess at the estimate placed upon him by com- petent judges. He was appointed, in the spring of 1868, to deliver a course of lectures in the rooms of the Boston Society of Natural History. This privilege was accorded only to decided merit, and although it was his first public attempt he evidently spoke out of a mine ; for all his lectures but the first were extempore. Dr. Gray left him in charge of his herbarium, of the botanic garden, and of his College classes, and started for a prolonged trip to Europe, doubtless feeling assured that nothing would go wrong during his absence. He might well have wished that when the time came for his resigning the chair to a younger person, Mr. Mann would succeed him. He could not have found a successor more worthy, but let us hope that the need will long be postponed. Excessive labor at length told seriously on his delicate constitution. Nothing could make him swerve from his allegiance to his friend and preceptor. Dr. Gray. And in anxiety to aid the latter in prepar- ing for his protracted visit to Europe he concealed how weak and ESSEX INST. BULLETIN. 7 48 worn out he was. His last letter to Dr. Gray was the first expression he had made to any one of the bitter disappointment with which he surrendered all the responsibilities he had assumed, and the fine pros- pects before him. His letter was full of devotion to the duties of the college and to science, which even the nervous irritability and inex- pressible agony of body could not make him forget. He gave an intimation of this distress to his physician at that time, when he said “you can have no idea what self-control I exercise.” And indeed he never for a moment forgot the claims of others. His delicacy of organization found no indulgence with himself. He was always ready to bear his part of care or toil, and never spared himself till, in the very last weeks, when every sensation was a pain, he one day gently requested that, unless it was necessary to consult him, he might not hear of anything painful or even inconvenient. The college duties were only given up when assured by the authori- ties that his inability to conduct them longer should make no change in the furlough of Dr. Gray. This respite from labor, under good medical treatment, brought a temporary change for the better. Hope revived but only to be dashed to the ground. An unfortunate expo- sure to cold caused indirectly a return of the hemorrhage, from which he never rallied. The nervous symptoms from which he had long sufiered were intensified in proportion as he sank. Debility brought accelerated motion of the heart, and loss of lung tissue caused shortness of breath. Sleep never came now but after the use of sedatives or hypnotics ; except on the last day, when he remarked that he thought he could sleep. Pain then left him, and in the calm immediately preceding his death he expressed a sense of great relief. This was the final ray of light and hope that broke through the clouds of his sunset; a fitful gleam, just one, to illumine the fiight to higher fields of study. Quietly and unexpectedly he haxi gone — before even the watching friends were conscious of a struggle. He died Novem- ber the eleventh, 1868. The post-mortem examination revealed the unexpected fact that one lung was entirely gone, and that disease had made sad inroads on the other. Had any vicious habits been engrafted upon his life he must have succumbed long before he did. The conditions of existence to him were virtue and strict temperance in all things ; and he gave his body the full benefit of a rigid morality. He was transparent in his goodness, genuine in his friendship, and useful in his short day ! Should we not rather be grateful that he was given at all than repine that he was taken so soon? For one who needed little chastening a score of years was a long confinement to earth. What had his past given us reason to hope for had his life been spared? Rather, what in the way of true nobility and good sci- 49 entiflc fruits, to be earned by honest devotion to study, did it not give us reason to expect? The question suggests its own answer. Cer- tainly he would have done much towards encouraging scientific pur- suits in the rising generation, and in gaining for American Botanical investigation a more general acknowledgment abroad. Already a host of our young Naturalists are forcing the admiration of other nations, and among the foremost of that host was Horace Mann. As a writer he was clear and concise ; points of the utmost importance to a scien- tist. When Mr. Mann’s death was announced to the Essex Institute, that body at once passed the following resolutions : Besolved, That the members of the Essex Institute most deeply sympathize with the family and friends of their late associate, Horace Mann, whose sudden death not only casts a deep sorrow on the hearts of those near and dear to him, but also into the scientific bodies with which he was connected ; and deprives his loved science of Botany of one of its most devoted and conscientious investigators, and of one, who, had he been permitted, would from his purity and depth of thought, undoubtedly make one of the leading botanists of his gener- ation. liesolved, That Dr. A. S. Packard* be requested to prepare a memoir of Mr. Horace Mann, to be published in the “ Proceedings of the Essex Institute.” Itesolved, That the Secretary be requested to transmit a copy of these resolutions to the family of our late associate, and to tender to them our condolence and sympathy in this bereavement.” These resolutions were accompanied with eloquent and touching recitals of the services Mr. Mann had rendered the Natural Sciences, and with mention of his rare and promising talents, by the President, Dr. Wheatland, Mr. E. W. Putnam, Mr. Alpheus Hyatt, Dr. G. B. Loring and others. Eor years he had been Curator of the botanical department of the Boston Society of Natural History, and in the discharge of his duty there, it is needless to say, he left a good reputation. It has already been said that “his advice in the council was always sensible.” The evening of the day on which he died, the American Academy of Arts and Sciences elected him a member by an unanimous vote. There can be no doubt but that this tribute to his moral worth and scientific attainments would have been grateful to him. It came too late. He had already passed to a sphere where it is pleasant to think he will be no more interrupted in his contemplation of Creator and creation. Is anything lacking in the son’s character to make us feel that he did not realize the father’s ideal, so forcibly expressed in many of his written words? As for instance, in speaking of the choice of a life- work by a high-toned man. *This sketch was prepared by another fellow student, at his own earnest re- quest. 50 “In selecting liis vocation for a livelihood he abjures every occupa- tion, and every profession, however lucrative they may be, or how- ever honorable they may be falsely deemed, if, with his own weal, they do not also promote the common weal ; and he views the idea with a deep religious abhorence, that anything can advance the well-being of himself which involves the ill-being of others. However meagre his stock in trade, if he engages in business he will not seek to enlarge it by entering Conscience and Honor in his books, under the head of Merchandise.” Again, “seek frivolous and elusive pleasures if you will; expand your immortal energies upon ignoble and fallacious joys ; but know their end is intellectual imbecility, and the perishing of every good that can ennoble or emparadise the heart ! Obey if you will, the law of the baser passions — appetite, pride, selfishness — but know, they will scourge you into realms where the air is hot with fiery-tongued scorpions, that will sting and torment your soul into unutterable agonies ! But study and obey the sublime laws on which the frame of nature was constructed ; study and obey the sublimer laws on which the soul of man was formed, and the fulness of the power and the wisdom and the blessedness with which God has filled and lighted up this resplendent universe, shall all be yours.” Over all our hopes and afiection for our friend the grave has now closed, leaving us only the ever-growing sense of what we have lost in his removal. It is sad thus to miss the familiar face and the friendly grasp, but to mitigate that sadness we have the knowledge that no long life ever comprised more joy in the universe than his short one ; that none but the purest motives actuated his conduct in life ; that no unjust act ever dishonored his own or his father’s fair name. It is surely no disparagement to the young botanists who re- main to say that among them there is not one who, in all respects, can fill the vacancy thus created. Science and humanity have both lost in his death, but the future is full of happiness for him who so lived and labored, loving and trusting God and man. ORDER OF MEETINGS. Begular semimonthly meeting^ March 1st. President in the chair. The Records were read and the recent Correspondence and Donations announced. Mr. F. W. Putnam exhibited a cap presented by Mr. ^Y. N. Eaton, wrought by the natives of Aspinwall, California, from the leaf of the palm tree ; also some shells (Leda, Cardium and Pecten) taken from the stomachs of Flounders. Mr. Putnam stated that we are obliged to 51 look to these animals for some species of shells which live at too great a depth to be often otherwise secured. Mr. W. P. Upham read a paper giving a description of the original house-lots in the central part of Salem, and the names of their first occupants, so far as known. This paper is commenced on the first page of the present number. Mr. Geo. D. Phippen followed and gave a graphic description of that early period in our history, particularly of the arrival of Endicott, Higginson and Winthrop, which occurred in the summer time. The pleasing impressions that the country gave them as they ap- proached the land, are recorded by them with much enthusiasm. They write of “the gay woods and trees” that skirted the shores, covered the islands, and filled the air with a delicious aroma peculiarly grateful to the weary voyagers, and of the satisfaction they experT ienced when, upon landing, tljey first plucked the small fruits and numerous fiowers that decked the “hills and dales” of Naumkeag. Mr. P. took occasion also to speak in the highest terms of the zeal and abundantly rewarded investigations of Mr. Upham, which had re- moved, he thought, all doubt as to the first location of the Old Plant- ers ; and he was glad of the opportunity to adopt the views of Mr. Upham, that the Old Planters occupied that portion of our territory which has ever remained the nucleus and central body of the town. By reference to an article entitled the “Old Planters of Salem, which appeared in vol. 1, of “The Historical Collections of the Essex Insti- tute,” although that article for the most part agreed with others in locating the Old Planters at the peninsula lying between the North Kiver and Collins Cove, which is known as the “Old Planters Marsh,” yet at the 15th line of page 103, and in the concluding paragraphs of page 197, it would appear that he himself had hinted that it was Jiighly probable that some future investigator would be rewarded by securing such proofs as Mr. Upham had adduced. “The Old Planters Marsh,” though owned and appropriated by them, it now seems, furnishes no evidence that they ever built thereon. The absence of cottages there, in the record of the Cottage Eights to the public lands, forbids that assumption. For strong statements in favor of the Collins Cove locality, see Eantoul in vol. vii, 3d ser., p. 254, of the Massachusetts Historical Collections; and Bentley in vol. 5, 1st ser., p. 218. Mr. James Kimball made some interesting statements which he had gleaned from the perusal of the old records in the Court house. Mr. Upham spoke of a recent visit to the rooms of the American Antiquarian Society at Worcester, and gave an account of some of the old Curwen and Bentley papers that are deposited in the library of that Institution. Many of them are very interesting, and from a careful examination, valuable materials for our history might be gleaned. 52 Mr. U. alluded with very strong expressions of gratitude to Mr. S. F. Haven, the accomplished and learned librarian, and his assistant, Mr. E. M. Barton, for their kind and polite attentions in furnishing every facility for the prosecution of his investigations. Several other mem- bers of the Institute have previously had occasion to consult the manuscripts and other documents in that library and have always experienced the same politeness and urbanity. Lemuel B. Hatch was elected a resident member. Adjourned. Berjular semimonthly meeting^ itforc/i' 15th. President in the chair. Mr. F. W. Putnam was appointed Secretary pro tern. The reading of the Records was dispensed with. The recent Correspondence and Donations were announced. The President read a communication concerning Fire Clubs that have been organized in Salem since 1744. Vide next number. Judge Waters followed and mentioned several reminiscences of the olden times in relation to this subject, and presented the records of the Relief Fire Club, which was associated June 24, 1803, and was dissolved Sept. 14, 18G0, when it was voted that the balance of the funds, after paying the debts, be given to the Seaman’s Widow and Orphan Association of Salem. This club included many of our leading citizens among its members. An interesting letter was read from the late Judge Story, resigning his membership on his removal to Cambridge to enter upon the duties of Professor in the Dane Law School. Mr. F. W. Putnam exhibited some specimens of Fossils from the Postpliocene of Ashley River, near Charleston, S. C. This deposit has recently attracted the notice of agriculturists and others from its immense beds of superphosphates, large quantities of which have been shipped for its fertilizing properties. These specimens consist of vertebrae and ribs of Manatus ; also several large sharks’ teeth, probably of the genus Carcharias, and smaller specimens of the teeth of a species of Lamna. The Institute is indebted to Mr. Wm. R. Cloutman, through whose kindness these specimens have been added to the Museum. Mr. A. C. Goodell presented from Mr. S. P. Watson, a collection of minerals from Grafton, N. H. The first number of the “ Memoirs of the Peabody Academy of Sci- ence,” which had been presented to the Institute, was exhibited by Mr. F. W. Putnam. A general discussion on printing ensued, participated in by Messrs. Hyatt, Waters, Goodell and Putnam. Elizabeth Wheatland was elected a resident member. Adjourned. BULLETIN OF THE esses: IlSrSTZTTJTE. VoL. 1. Salem, Mass., April, 1869. No. 4. One Dollar a Year in Advance. 10 Cents a Single Copy. FIRST HOUSES IN SALEM. BY W. P. UPHAM. {^Continued from page 41.] South of Norman street, and east of Summer street, was a house and nine acres of land, bounded east on the South River, conveyed in 1651, by Thos. Ruck to John Ruck, afterwards known as Ruck’s Village. After the Mills on the South River were built in 1664, an extensive business, connected with shipbuilding, grew up in the neighborhood of Creek street, then a cove called Sweet’s Cove, from John Sweet, who was the original owner and occupant of the lot next north of the cove. South of Sweet’s Cove, and forming the southern portion of the nine acres above mentioned, was a lot of four acres which had belonged to Rev. Samuel Skelton, and was laid out to him in 1630. Next south of this, and extending along the South River (now the Mill Pond) to land of Wm. Hathorne, which was west of where Hathorne street is now, was the "Broadfield,” originally owned by Governor Endicott, ESSEX mST. BULLETIN. 7* 54 and by him conveyed to Emanuel Downing, who sold it to John Pickering. What is now Broad street, together with the ground south of it, which has been used as a cemetery since May 17, 1655, 'was called the Town Common, and for the first few years, before the Town Bridge in Boston street ivas built, appears to have been the only means of exit from the town. A broad road thus led from Summer street to the Town Pasture, then common land, and there branched out in one direction round the 'west side of the South River, to Marblehead, and in the other passing near where the house of Mr. Horace Ware is, and around the 'west side of Norman’s Rocks, and coming out on Boston street, above where the town bridge was afterwards built (which was where the Engine House stands, near Goodhue street), thus avoiding the creek, which was then quite large, but has since almost wholly disappeared. Persons now living can remember when the low land to the north of Norman’s Rocks was filled with water at high tide, and a very considerable stream ran under the town bridge. Goodhue street is, perhaps, a remnant of this old way, and the part of it on the other side of Boston street can still be traced. West of the Broadfield was a farm of sixty acres owned by Wm. Hathorne, and after his decease by his son John Hathorne, which bounded north and west on the highway, now Broad street, west and south-west on the way lead- ing to Marblehead, south on the Castle Hill farm, after- wards owned by Benj. Lynde, and east on the South River, now the Mill Pond, and on the Broadfield. On part of this farm was a little brook called Frost Fish Brook, described in the record as "coming forth betweene the twoe hills,” on the east of which lived Richard Wa^ ters, gunsmith, as early as 1636, and near it was a 55 house-lot granted to John Abby, Jan. 2, 1637. It appears by the Commoners Records that there were three houses on this farm before the year 1661, and that Wm. Hathorne’s house was still standing in 1714, being then owned by his son Col. John Hathorne. "Brick-kiln lane” led south from the western end of Essex street to the northerly gate of the Town Pasture ; and west of it extending to Norman’s Rocks was the "brick-kiln field,” about six acres, conveyed by the heirs of Thomas Trusler, in 1656, to Wm. Flint. Richard Nor- man, who probably gave the name to Norman’s Rocks, lived on the southern part of it, and John Barber on the northern part of it, before 1661. This was, perhaps, the same brick-kiln mentioned by Francis Higginson in 1629. We find it referred to frequently in the early records. The northern part of Brick-kiln lane is now merged in the Turnpike ; the southern part still remains leading from the western end of Warren street to the Pasture Gate. On the east side of this lane, bounding south by Broad street and east by Flint street, was the homestead of Richard Adams, conveyed by him to Lieut. John Pickering in 1679, and described as containing four or five acres, "being at the western end of the town over against Maj. Hathorne’s : and is bounded with the street southerly, and a lane or street easterly, and a highway, or common land partly, westerly, and the land formerly of Wm. Flint, now the land of Edward and Thomas Flint, northerly.” In 1646 the agents of Townsend Bishop conveyed to Richard Adams "one ould house with one acre of land within the common field, and about an acre and an half of land next to the common inclosed by itself.” They also at the same time conveyed to Ralph Fogg " the new messuage or dwelling house of *See Town Record, Jan. 2, 1636-7j and April 23, 1638. 56 the said Mr. Townsend Bishop standing by the Bocks near Capt. Hathorne’s house in Salem.” It seems prob- able that Bichard Adams came into possession of the lat- ter house also, though we cannot find any deed of it; and, from the description, we think that it may have been the same as that which was recently burned and taken down on the north-west side of the upper end of Broad street. When this house was taken down it was found to be lined with brick between the wall and plastering, and to bear other marks of great age. This estate was divided in 1694 between Benjamin and William, sons of John Pickering, Benjamin taking the western part of the house and land, and William the eastern part. In the Com- moners Becord is entered for Benjamin Pickering "a cot- tage right near the Brick-kiln on Adams’ land.” This was probably for the ” ould house ” of Townsend Bishop mentioned above. William Pickering also has two rights entered for "Adams’ house.” On the east side of Flint street, was the homestead of Wm. Flint, which consisted of one acre, bounded north by land of John Beeves, east on Cotta’s lot, so called, and south on Broad street, and was bought by him of Thomas James, by deed recorded in 1652. After the death of Wm. Flint it was owned and occupied by his son Thomas Flint. Next east was "Cotta’s lot,” about five acres, extending from Broad street to Essex street, and owned before 1664, by Thomas Spooner, whose widow, Elizabeth, left it to her son-in-law, John Buck. John Buck conveyed half of it to Benjamin Gerrish, in 1681, and the other half to Thomas Maule, in 1687. Gerrish conveyed his part to Maule, in 1683. On the north-western corner of the lot, near where the Bev. Dr. Emerson now lives, was built the first Quaker meeting- house, the land being given by Thomas Maule for that 57 purpose. The name Cotta’s lot, originated from Kobert Cotta, who was the hrst owner. There were two houses on it before 16hl. Next east was a lot of three acres, which Michael ShaHiii conve^^ed, in 1684, to Robert Kitchen "as the son and heir of John Kitchen” in consideration of "£15 by me received of John Kitchen in the year 1638.” John Kitchen had been in possession of this lot for many years, probably from the year 1638, and lived on it at one time, but afterwards removed to the other side of Essex street, where he built the house that was taken down about tw^enty years ago, on the western cor- ner of Beckford street. March 6, 1654, the town granted to John Kitchen sufficient land "to make a sellar neare unto goodman Trusler’s fence over against the house of the said John Kitchen.” Thomas Trusler’s homestead was on the opposite side of Essex street, and was afterwards owned by Thomas Robbins, who in 1679 conveyed to Robert Kitchen, as son and heir of John Kitchen, a quarter of an acre, bounded east by Beckford street, and south by Essex street. This, as well as the deed by Michael Shaflin, was undoubtedly to supply the loss or want of a previous deed to John Kitchen. [To he Continued.'] LESLIE’S EXPEDITION TO SALEM, 1775. The following communication from Mrs. Sparks, is a valuable and interesting contribution to this portion of our local history. \_Copied by Jared Sparks, in the Public Offices of London, 1828.] Boston, March 4, 1776. Gage to Daktmouth. — "I have the honor to transmit to your Lordship a paper of intelligence of the machina- ESSEX INST. BULLETIN. 8 58 tions and projects of this people. The authority should be good, but I must wait till some more favorable oppor- tunity to inform you whence I derived this intelligence.” ”The circumstance of the eight pieces at Salem led us into a mistake, for supposing them to be brass guns brought from Holland, or some of the foreign isles, which report had also given reasons to suspect, a detach- ment of four hundred men, under Lieut. Col. Leslie, was sent privately olf by water to seize them. The places they were said to be concealed in were strictly searched, but no artillery could be found, and we have since dis- covered that there had been only some old ship’s guns, which had been carried away from Salem some time ago. The people assembled in great numbers, with threats and abuse, but the Colonel pursued his orders and returned to Marblehead, where he had first disembarked his detach- ment.” (J. S.) The intelligence alluded to above was procured by some spy in the employment of Gen. Gage. From the nature of his communications it is quite certain, also, that the same person was a member of the Provincial Con- gress. He gives a very minute account of the secret pro- ceedings of the Congress, and even the doings of the com- mittees appointed for specific objects, such as procuring army ammunitions, and other stores. In short he details particulars of the correspondence between some members of the Congress, and Dr. Franklin and Arthur Lee, in England. This intelligence was sent to Gen. Gage, from time to time, and was forwarded by him to the minister, and it is now on the files. It would seem impossible that any person, who was not a member of Congress, could have procured the facts contained in his communications. "There are eight field pieces in an old store or barn near the landing place at Salem ; they are to be removed 59 in a few days ; the seizing of these would greatly discon- cert their schemes.” This proved erroneous. Gen. Gage expected to find some cannon, which he believed had been imported from Holland. Sir Joseph Yorke, the British minister in Hol- land, had written a letter to his government indicating his suspicions that arms were shipped from that country to America. A copy of this letter had been forwarded to Gen. Gage, who from other causes entertained similar suspicions. Indeed, after receiving the copy of Sir Joseph York’s letter, cruisers were sent out to watch for a Khode Island vessel returning from Holland, which it was supposed had arms on board. NOTICE OF A SINGULAR ERRATIC IN LYNN, MASS., KNOWN BY THE NAME OF “PHAETON ROCK.” BY C. M. TRACY. A prominent object among the operations of the Ex- ploring Circle of Lynn has always been the investigation of the phenomena of the local drift, particularly as exemplified in the numerous erratic rocks and boulders with which this region so abounds. In an exploration of this kind, Mr. Jos. M. Rowell, Geological Member of the Circle, was so fortunate as to discover, in the northeasterly part of the township, the very remarkable block which makes the subject of this article. It lies on the southerly slope of a ridge which forms a kind of out- lier on the southwest side of the fine eminence known as "Orne’s” or "Prospect” Hill, in the adjoining town of Peabody. The neighborhood is singularly full of loose rocks ; blocks of many tons in weight are to be seen in (30 almost any direction, many of them perched on the top of high, precipitous ledges, in positions apparently the most insecure, or again, scattered over the barren slopes in such numbers as almost to prevent the carrying away of the meagre growth of pine, which is almost all these hills afford of vegetation. But unless I greatly err, the geologist and the casual stroller will be alike apt to forget all they have seen of this kind in the vicinity, when stand- ing for the first time beside this most unique and wonder- ful memorial of the Sflacial ao'e. O O Its position, topographically, is about one fourth of a mile from the northwesterly shore of "Brown’s Pond,” and from ten to twenty rods, as is understood, from the boundary line between Lynn and Peabody here indicated by a stone-wall. Approached from the north-east it offers such an appearance, that with a little help, of a very pardonable imagination, Mr. Kowell easily likened it to an antique chariot, perhaps that of Sol himself ; and by a natural transition of ideas, gave it the name of "Phaeton Kock,” by which it is called in his paper de- scribing it, filed in the Kegistry of the Circle, June 20, 1856. On the western side, however, a different view is afforded, and it looks more like a piece of mammoth artillery. Those who, not having visited the place, desire more full ideas of its aspect, must imagine a solid precipice of sienite, from ten to fifteen feet high on its almost vertical face, fronting the south, and nearly flat on the top. A given space upon this fiat top is tolerably level, the side toward the west being a few inches higher ; and on this space are arranged four sub-globular stones, three in almost a straight line along the higher western side, and about two feet apart. These are almost alike in size, be- ing about eighteen inches in diameter. A fourth stone. Gl two feet or rather more in diameter, lies three or four feet eastward of these three, nearly opposite the southernmost one. All these stones have enough of irregularity to pre- vent rolling, though no long axes can be specially noted in either of them. The different magnitudes are so well accommodated to the gentle slope of the underlying rock that the tops of all come very nearly to one level ; and the whole system approaches the edge of the precipice within some two or three feet. They are all of light gray sienite, much like the ledge. . Balanced, with the utmost delicacy, on these four sup- porters lies a great block of sienite also, of a shape like half a pear. The under side, very straight and flat, sits truly on the stones below it ; and the whole length of the mass being some fifteen feet, the narrower and thinner end, which points southward, projects forward over the edge of the precipice some jive or six feet. The mean vertical thickness of the block is not far from seven feet, but the irregular convexity of the top makes this thick- ness very variable. The eastern edge is throughout quite thin, comparatively, the w^estern is thick and the centre of gravity is evidently well towards this side. Yet so per- fectly is everything disposed that the stability of the whole seems fully secured, and it would no doubt require a great force to disturb it, or throw it down the steep over which it so daringly reposes. The whole horizontal girth of the great block is forty feet, and a very careful esti- mate made by the Circle places its weight at thirty-six tons. And so playfully does it seem poised upon its pebble-like bases that one can hardly help a first thought, that here has been a piece of huge but idle labor of man — a work like Stonehenge or the Dwarfie Stone of Hoy — and yet such a notion vanishes straightway on a closer examination. There are no vestiges here of any ancient 62 builders, no Druids nor Skalds, piling rocks like these, with engineering fit to balfle a Brunei. This is all pure nature. This massive block was doubtless left resting here on its four certain props at the same time, whenever that may have been, when its brother blocks were torn from their parent beds and tossed at random in a thousand spots, as we see them all around. And since that tre- mendous period, it may have been before the human era, this block has lain secure and strong, on a foundation that looks as if it might yield to the first tempest. The geological records of the world are nowise poor in rocking stones and remarkable boulders. The mother country has many very curious ones. The Buckstone in Gloucestershire, and the Cheese King in Cornwall, are familiar to all tourists through England. Likewise, Hitchcock has told us of notable instances in our own state ; a double one in Barre, another, vaster still, in Taunton, and others nearer home. But Phaeton Kock is something different from all these, something perfectly unique and instructive. It is as though Nature — in the midst of all that prodigious process, by which huge masses were hurled hither and thither with Titanic force, and granite and porphyry were ground down to clay and sand — had paused to play, in childlike simplicity, with these five stones, piling them as an infant’s block-house, and leaving them to make us wonder, ages after, at the grand stability and perfection of the rare toy she had constructed. In Sithney Parish, Cornwall, lay once the celebrated Logan Stone.” Says an old writer, "it was so nicely poised on another stone that a little child could move it, and all travellers who passed this way desired to see it. But Shrubsall, Cromwell’s Governor of Pendenis, with much ado caused it to be undermined, to the great 63 grief of the country.” Lewis, in his history of Lynn, records several such instances of wanton destruction of these things. Certainly, then, we can hardly hope for much longer safety for this so tempting a trap for idle folly, save in the hands of some known protector of these aids to knowledge. It is hardly necessary to attempt here any speculations as to the process by which this stone came to be where it now is. Indeed, this is an inquiry more pertinent for the geological professor than for the mere topographer. Yet there are considerations of a purely mechanical sort that will not fail to arise in the mind of any reflecting person, when contemplating such a work of nature ; and really the dynamics of the drift period seem throughout to lean more to the mechanical than the chemical side. It is hardly possible to suppose Phaeton Pock to have been ever moved more than once — ever raised from its first landing-place, while the smaller stones were driven under it — but we must, I think, conclude that all were borne along together with an unmeasured bulk of other like material, till in the slackened velocity of the current, the heavy block settled through the silt and gravel, catching its four inferiors just when and Avhere we see them, while the lighter stuff passed on, and is now covering the south- eastern ledges. But this alone will not, probably, account for a tithe of the phenomena to be seen in the connection. The questions of distribution, longer or shorter transit, duplicate and cross currents, and a dozen others, come in to complicate and confuse, till the study of the drift rises to the grade of a first-class problem in science. It be- comes me to leave the inquiry here, with the reiterated wish, that this monument, ihore rarely designed and sculptured than the Obelisks of Luxor, or the chiselled Stone of Sweno, might be made a choice specimen in the G4 well-guarded cabinet of Old Essex, long kept to tell its ancient story to the humbly inquiring mind that comes seeking to know more and more of the History and Mys- tery of the Earth. ORDER OF MEETINGS. Begular meeting held April 5tli, tlie President in the chair. The record of the last meeting was read. Donations to Cabinet and to the Library, and the recent correspondence were announced. The President read a letter from Mrs. Jaijed Sparks of Cambridge, containing a copy of a letter found by Mr. Sparks at England, which revealed the information which led to the expedition of Col. Leslie to capture cannon at the North Bridge in 1775 (vide page 57). Hon. Charles W. Upham delivered an eloquent and instructive address on the Colonial Records of Massachusetts under the first charter. At its conclusion Judge Joseph G. Waters enthusiasticall}^ commended the sentiments embodied in the lecture, especially noti- cing the Orator’s defence of the New England Fathers against the ridicule to which they had been subjected for their use of the Old Testament Scriptures as authority in their political government. Mr. Waters offered the following resolution : — That the thanks of the Institute be presented to Mr. Upham for his very beautiful and instructive lecture. This was unanimously adopted. This lecture was recently deliv- ered before the Lowell Institute of Boston, and may now be found among their publications. The following persons were elected resident members : Walter K. Bigelow, George A. Fisher, George W. Peirson, George O. Harris, James Harris, all of Salem. Adjourned. liegular meeting held April 19th, the President in the chair. Owing to the absence of the Secretary the reading of the records was dispensed with. The recent correspondence and donations to the Cabinets and the Library were announced. Hon. Charles W. Upham delivered a lecture upon the life and char- acter of Daniel P. King, of Danvers, which was listened to with great interest and delight. The following resolve was passed : — Resolved, That the tlianks of the Institute be given to Mr. Upham for his address, and that he be requested to furnish the Committee on Publication a copy for i)ublication in the Historical Collections of this Society. Adjourned. LETTERS ANNOUNCED. (Mardi and April.) Adair, D. L., ILawesville, Ky-> Jail- 2^^; Allen, G.X., Oberlin, Jnne 10; Appleton & Co., New York, Feb. 10; Basel, Naturforschende Gesellscluift, Oct. 30, Nov. 11; Bergen, Norway, the Mnsenm, Oct. 10; Boardman, S. B., Angusta, Me., Mch. 27; Boston Public Library, IMch. 1, 23, 25, Ap. 2; Buck, Stewart M., Van Buren Fur- nace, Va., Ap, 12; Buffalo Historical Society, Mch. 23; Challen, Howard, Phila- delphia, Feb. — , Mch. 1, Ap. 1; Chicago Academy of Science, Ap. 5; Clu’istiania L’Universite Koyale de Norvege, Nov. — ; Cloutman, W. K., Charleston, S. C., Feb. 18; Cook, Heniy, Boston, Mch. 23; Conant, W. P., Dalkoff', St. Charles Co., Mo., Ai). 6; Connecticut Historical Society, Ap. 5; Cope, Edward D., Philadelphia, Penn., Feb. 22, Mch. 0; Dali, Win. H., Washington, D. C., Feb. 12; Dartmouth Col- lege, Trustees of, Hanover, N. H., Mch. 2G; Davenport, M. G., Chester, Penn., Mch. 5; Dawson, Henry B., Morrisania, N. Y., Mch. 24, Ap. 1, 12; Dyer, John F., Provi- dence, R. I., Feb. 20; Di-esden, Neue Jahrbuch fur IMineralogie, Nov. 4; Edinburgh Royal Society, Dec. 19; Freiburg, Die Gesellschaft fiir Beforderung der Natur- wissenschaften, Oct. 20; Geneve, Institute National Genevois, Nov. 14; Gilman, Henry, Detroit, Feb. 28; Goldtlnvaite & Day, Salem, Feb. 17; Hoy, P. R., Racine, yich. 1; Hanaford, Mrs. P. A., Reading, Mch. — ; Harris, George O., Salem, A]). 17; Harvard College, Corporation of, Mcih. 19; Holbrook, M. L., New York, Feb. 11; Howard, J. J., London, Eng., Feb. 15; Howell, Robert, Nichols, Tioga Co., N. Y., Mch. 16^ Iowa State Historical Society, Feb. 11; Jillson, S., Hudson, Feb. 22 ; King, D. Webster, Boston, Ap. 17, Mch. 1 ; Langworthy, I. P., Boston, Mch. 1, 4 ; Laws, John W., Portsmouth, N. H., Feb. 19, Ap. 15; Lewis, E. A., Batavia, N. Y., Mch. 2G; Lincoln, Solomon, Boston, Ap. 3, 9; Lincecum, George 'W., Long Point, Texas, Oct. 18; London, Anthropological Society, Jan. 20; Loring, George B., Salem, Feb. 25; Maine Historical Society, Mch. 23; Mann, Mary, Cambridge, Feb. 24, Mch. IG, 18, Ap. 4, 14; Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Mch. 23; Mary- land Historical Society, Ap. 7; Miller, James, New York, Feb. 18, 19; Minot, C. S., Boston, Feb. 15; Minnesota, Historical Society, Ap. 7 ; Moravian Historical Society, Nazareth, Penn., Ap. 1; Nauman, Charles F., Lancaster, Feb. 23; New England Historic-Genealogical Society, Boston, Mch. 22; New Jersey State Geological Sur- vey, New Brunswick, N. J., Mch. 23; New York Lyceum of Natural History, ]Mch. 22, Ap. 12; NeAV York State Library, .Jan. 23; Nichols & Noyes, Boston, Mch. 22; Noyes, EdAvard A., Portland, Me., Feb. 27, 29; Peabody, George, London, Dec. — ; Peabody, John P., Salem, Mch. 1; Pennsyl\mnia Historical Society, Ap. 10, IG; Poole, Herman, Ithaca, Mch. 4, 27; Portland Society of Natural History, Mch. 22, Ap. 1; Reshore, F. H., DoAA'agani, Mich., IMch. 6; Robinson, John, Salem, Ap. 19; Ropes, .John C., Boston, Mch. 22; Rothrock, J. T., McVeytoAvn, Pa., Mch. IG; Sever & Co., Boston, Feb. 11; Smith, W. A., Worcester, Mch. 22; Smithsonian Institu- tion, Washington, D. C., Dec. 2, Feb. 11; Spoffbrd, Jeremiah, Groveland, Feb. 15; Stearns, W. A., Amhei'st, Feb. 17; Steiger, E., NeAV York, Feb. 10; Stone, E. M., Providence, R. I., Feb. 13; Strecker, Herman, Reading, Pa., .Jan. 19; U. S. Depart- ment of Education, Washington, Mch. 12; U. S. Surgeon General’s Office, Mch. 30; U. S. Department of the Interior, Mch. 18, 19; Verrill, A. E., Ncaa^ Haven, Conn., Feb. 23; AVai’d, Raymond L., Sumter, S. C., Jan. 18; AVhite, AV. O., Keene, N. H., ]Mch.23; AA’hite, Henry, NeAV Haven, Conn., Mch. 2G; AA'ilson, John, Cambridge, Ap. 5; AA^ood, N. H., Portland, Me., Mch. 5; AVhite, Charles A., loAva City, loAva, Feb. 9; AVurzburg, Physicalisch-medicinische Gesellschaft, Oct. 24; Yale College, Corporation of, Alch. 23. ESSEX INST. BPTJ.ETIN. 9 66 ADDITIONS TO THE LIBRARY. {March and April.') BY DONATION. Barbow, John, Salem. Record of the Massachusetts Volunteers, 18Gl-’65, 1 vol. 4to, Boston, 1868. Fifth Annual Report of the Board of State Charities, 1 vol. 8vo, Boston, 1869. Bowdoin College. Catalogue of the Officers and Students, Second Term, 1868- ’69, 8vo, pamph., Brunswick, 1869. Brooks, Henry M. Friend’s Review, Advertisement sheet, 39 Xumhers. Salem Directory for 1864, 1 vol. 12mo, Salem, 1864. Miscellaneous pamphlets, 20. Brown, F. H., M. D. Some observations on the Fauna of Madeira, 8vo, pamph. Butler, Hon. Ben.j. F., M. C. Speech of Hon. Samuel Hooper in U. S. House of Representatives, Feb. 5, 1869, 8vo, pamph., Washington, 1869. Speech of Hon* G. VF. .Julian in U. S. House of Representatives, Feb. 5, 1889, 8vo, pamph. Report subjected to the House of Representatives, June, 1868, by Mr. Morrell, 8vo, pamph., Washington, 1868. Internal Tax Laws, 8vo, pamph. Report of the Special Com- missioner of the Revenue, for the year 1868, 8vo, pamph. Treaty with Russia, 8vo, pamph. Commercial Relations of the U. S. with Foreign Nations, 1 vol. 8vo, Washington, 1868. Report of the Commissioner of Agriculture for the year 1867, 1 vol. 8vo, Washington, 1868. Report of the Commissioner of the General Land Office, for the year 1867, 1 vol. 8vo, Washington, 1867. Civil Service of the U. S., 1 vol. 8vo, Washington, 1868. Message and Documents, Navy Department, 1868-’69, 1 vol. 8vo, Washington, 1868. Official Army Register, for 1868, 12mo, pamph. Report of the Commissioner of the General Land Office for the year 1867, abridgement, 1 vol. 8vo, Washington, 1867. Speech of Hon. W. Williams in U. S. House of Representatives, Feb. 4, 1869, 8vo, pamph. Speech of Hon. G. W. Sco- field in U. S. House of Representatives, Jan. 27, 1869, 8vo, pamph. Monthly Re- port of the Department of Agriculture for January and February, 1869, 8vo, pamph., Washington, 1869. Speech of Hon. B. F. Butler in U. S. House of Repre- sentatives, April 1, 1869, on “ Reconstruction of Mississippi,” 8vo. Canfield, Thomas H., Burlington, Vt. Policy of Extending Government Aid to Additional Railroads to the Pacific, by Guaranteeing Interest on the Bonds, 8vo, pamph., Washington, 1869. Chase, George B. A Genealogical Memoir of .the Chase Family of Chesham, Bucks, in England, 8vo, pamph., Boston, 1869. Clark. W. S., Amherst. Sixth Annual Report of the Trustees of Massachusetts Agricultural College, Jan., 1869, 8vo, pamph., Boston, 1869. Cleveland, William C. Catalogue of the Officers and Students of Cornell University, for 1868-69, 8vo, pamph., Ithaca, 1869. COGSW'ELL, William. Public Documents for the City of Salem for 1868, 1 vol. 8 VO, Salem, 1869. Cook, Wm. S. A Vocabulary, with Colloquial Phrases of the Canton Dialect, 1 vol. 8vo, Canton, 1854. Crockett, Wm. D., Boston. Catalogue of Officers and Students of Bow- doin College for 1843, 1845, 2 pamphs., 8vo. Triennial Catalogue of Dartmouth College for 1843, 1846, 2 pamphs., 8vo. Catalogue of Officers and Students of Dart- mouth College for 184.3-4, 184.5-6, 2 jiamphs., 8vo. Catalogue of Officers and Mem- bers of the Peucinian Society, Bowdoin College, 1843, 8vo, pamph. Messages of Gov. A. H. Bullock to the House of Representatives, May 14, 1867, to Jan. 17, 1868. Dreer, Ferdinand J., of Philadelphia. Fifteenth Annual Report of W. J. Mullen, Prison Agent, Jan. 1, 1869, 8vo, pamph., Philadelphia. 67 Felt, Charles W., Salem. Pamphlets, 4. Felt, John. Several Manuscript Papers. Foster, Isaac P. Miscellaneous Pamphlets, 10. Goodwin, Capt. W. F., U. S. A., Richmond, Va. The Central AVater Line from the Ohio River to the Virginia Capes, 2d ed., 8vo, pamph., Richmond, 1869. Green, Samuel A., Boston. Nicholson’s Operative Mechanic, and British Machinist, 1 vol. 8vo, Phila., 1826. Inaugural Address of N. B- Shurtleff, Mayor of Boston, to the City Council, Jan. 4, 1869, 1 vol. 8vo, Boston, 1869. Annual Report of the Adj. Gen. of the Commonwealth of Mass., for year ending Dec. ,31, 1868, 1 vol. 8vo, Boston, 1869. The Campaner Thai, &c., by Jean Paul, 1 vol. 12mo, Boston, 1864. U. S. Army and Navy Journal, and Gazette of the Regular and Volunteer Forces, vol. 1, 1863-4, 1 vol. 4to, N. Y. Miscellaneous pamphlets, 150. Annual Re- port of the School Committee of Boston, 1868, 1 vol. 8vo, Boston, 1869. Seventh Annual Report of the Superintendent of the Insurance Department, State of New York, 1 vol. 8vo, Albany, 1866. International General Average Report, 1 vol. 8vo, N. Y., 1866. Harris, Alden, Beverly. The AVhole Duty of Man, 1 vol. folio, London, 1695. Ives, Henry P. Catalogue of Games and Home Amusements, 1868-69, 8vo, pamph., Springfield. Ketchum, F. a. Ketchum & Crawford’s St. Paul City Directory for 1869, 1 vol. 8vo. Kimball, James. Massachusetts Register and Dii’ectory, 1867, 1 vol. 8vo, Bos- ton. Municipal Register of Newburyport for 1855, 1 vol. 12mo, Newburyport, 18.55. Langworthy, I. P., Boston. Lectures on Theology by Rev. B. Tyler, 1 vol. 8vo, Boston, 1859. Memoir of John Codnian, 1 vol. 8vo, Boston, 1853. Presbyterian Historical Almanac, 1 vol. 8vo, Phila., 1864. Minutes of the General Assembly of Presbyterian Church, for 1855, ’56, 1864, ’65, 4 pamphs., 8vo. Miscellaneous pamph- lets, 18. Lee, John C. Commercial Bulletin for February and March. Lincoln, Solomon, Jr., Salem. Miscellaneous pamphlets. College Catalogues, etc., 30. Lord, N. J. Boston Post, for Jan., Feb., Mcli., 1869. Fol. Mack, William. Congressional Directory for the 3il Session, 40th Congress of the U. S. A., 8vo, pamph., AVashiugton, 1869. New Jersey Geological Survey. Geology of New Jersey, by authority of the Legislature, 1 vol. 8vo, and Maps, 1 vol. 4to, Newark, 1868. Palfray, Charles W. New England Farmer, 26 numbers; American Journal of Horticulture, 24 numbers; Montlily Report of the Departmeut of Agriculture, from Nov. 1867 to Jan. 1869, 11 pamphs. 8vo; Miscellaneous Pamphlets, 17. Peabody Academy of Science. Memoirs, vol. 1, No. 1, 8vo, Salem, 1869. Pease, George W. The Heretic Detector, vol. v, 1 vol. 8vo, Middleburg, O., 1841. Elements of Musical Composition, 1 vol, 12mo, Boston, 1844. Herndon’s Val- ley of the Amazon Maps, pt. 1, 1 vol. 8vo. Fourth Report of the Agriculture of Mass., 1 vol. 8vo, Boston, 1841. Miscellaneous pamphlets, 254. Perkins, George A., Elements of Euclid, 1 vol. 12mo., London, 1720. Euclid’s Elements of Geometry, 1 vol. 8vo, London, 1745. Playfair’s Euclid, 1 vol. 8vo, New York, 1819. Simpson’s Trigonometer, 1 vol. 8vo, Phila., 1810. Payne’s Trigonom- eter, 1 vol. 8vo, London, 1772. Keith on the Globes, 1 vol. 8vo, N. Y., 1819. Calcu- lus, 1 vol. 8vo, Cambridge, 1824. Analytic Geometry, 1 vol. 8vo, Cambridge, 1820. Farrar’s Mechanics, 1 vol. 8vo, Cambridge, 1825. Fischer’s Natural Philosophy, 1 vol. 8vo, Boston, 1827. Day’s Trigonometry, 1 vol. 8vo, New Haven, 1815. Elec, tricity. Magnetism, etc., 1 vol. 8vo, Cambridge, 1826. Treatise on Optics, 1 vol. 8vo- Cambridge, 1826. Arnott’s Elements of Physics, 1 vol. 8vo, Phila., 1829. Playfair’s Philosophy Dissertations, 3 vols. 8vo, Boston, 1817. Adam’s Electricity, 1 vol. 68 8vo, London, 1784. Ferguson’s Asti'onomy, 1 vol. 12mo, Philadelphia, 1808. En- field’s Philosophy, 1 vol. 4to, London, 1785. Smellie’s Philosophy, 1 vol. 8vo, Philadelphia, 1791. • Essay on the World, 2 vols. 8vo, London, 1701. Combe on Constitution of Man, 1 vol. 8vo, London, 1828. Brazer’s Essay on Divine Inlln- ence, 1 vol. lOmo, Boston, 1835. Fordyce’s Sermon, 1 vol. 16mo, London, 1700, Edwards’ on Religions Affections, 1 vol. 12mo, Boston, 1708. Lud Ivustern’s, 1 vol. 12mo, London, 1773. Dilworth’s Guide to the English Tongue, 1 vol. lOmo, Boston, 1778. Carey’s Latin Prosody, 1 vol. 12mo, London, 1818. Turner’s Accidence, 1 vol. lOmo, London, 1702. Syntax and Prosody, 1 vol. 12mo, Salem, 1783. Greek Grammar, 1 vol. lOmo, London, 1793. Smith’s Class-book of Anat- omy, 1 vol. 8vo, Boston, 1837. National Orator, 1 vol. 8vo, N. Y., 1829. Difter- ential and Integral Calculus, 1 vol. 8vo, London, 1847. Night Thoughts, 1 vol. 12mo, London, 1700. Rise and Progress of Religion, 1 vol. 12i;ao, 1772. American School Reader, 1 vol. 8vo, Boston. Jay’s Inquiries, 1 vol. 12mo. New York, 1835. Liber Primus, 1 vol. 12mo, Newburyport, 1815. Elements of Morality, 1 vol. 12mo, Baltimore, 1811. Sentimental Journal, 1 vol. 12mo, London, 1709. Hobbes de Cive, 1 vol. lOmo, Amsterodami, 1700, Power of Parliament, 1 vol. lOmo, 1077. Newcome’s New Testament, 1 vol. 8vo, Boston, 1809. Bunyan’s Holy VYar, 1 vol. 12mo, Balti- more, 1821. Dodd’s Reflections, 2 vols. 12mo, London, 1773, 1793. Doctrine of the Passions, 1 vol. lOmo, Elizabethtowm, 1795. Gillie’s Historical Collections, 2 vols. 8vo, Glasgow, 1754. Case of Dartmouth College, 1 vol. 8vo, Portsmouth, n. d. Fair and Impartial Testimony, 1 vol. 12mo, Glasgow, 17G5. Gray’s Memoria Tech, nica, 1 vol. 12mo, London, 1812. R. I. Freewill Baptist Pulpit, 1 vol. 8vo, Boston- 18.52. Joannis Caii Brittanni, 1 vol. 8vo, London, 1729. English and Greek Vocab- ulary, 1 vol. 18mo, Phila., 1810. The Day of Doom, 1 vol. 18mo, Boston, 1828. Chapel Liturgy, 1 vol. 8vo, Boston, 1811. Contemplations on the Ocean, 1 vol. 12mo, London, 1753. Joseph Andrews, 1 vol. 8vo, Edinbiu-gh, 1792. Adventures of Telemachus, 1 vol. 12mo, Boston, 1797. Gay’s Fables, 1 vol. 12mo, London, 1754. Some Poems, 1 vol. 16mo, n. d. Siege of Corinth, 1 vol. 18mo, N. Y., 1816. Vision of Don Roderick, 1 vol. 16mo, Boston, 1811. History of Mr. Decastro, 3 vols. 8vo, Boston, 1815. Universal Letter Writer, 1 vol. 12mo, London, n. d. Hudson’s French Guide, 1 vol. 12mo, London, 1763. Geography Anatomized, 1 vol. 8vo, Lon- don, 1754. Guthrie’s Gramma/r, 1 vol. 8vo, London, 1783. Description of the World, 1 vol. sm. 4to, London, 1700. Life of Dr. Darwin, 1 vol. 8vo, Phila., 1804. William Lilly’s History 1 vol. 8vo, London, 1822. Mat. Devarii, 1 vol. 16mo, Rome, 1657. Memoirs of Mrs. Ramsay, 1 vol. 16mo, Charlestown, 1812. Life of Gardiner, 1 vol. 12mo, Boston, 1792. Radcliffe’s Life, 1 vol. 12mo, London, 1716. Southey’s Life of Nelson, 1 vol. 16mo, Boston, 1814. x\ge of Louis XIV, 2 vols. 12mo, London, 17.53. Bernhardi Varenf, 1 vol. 12mo, 1681. Philip the Second, 1 vol. 8vo, N. Y., 1818. Philip the Third, 1 vol. 8vo, N. Y., 1818. Robertson’s History of Charles V., 3 vols. 8vo, 1770. Mooi'e’s France, 2 vols. 8vo, London, 1793. Moore’s Italy, 2 vols. 8vo, London, 1790. Moore on French Revolution, 2 vols. 8vo, London, 1795. Millot’s General History, 5 vols. 8vo, Salem, 1796. History of Mexico, 3 vols. 8vo, Phila., 1817. Flint’s Travels, 1 vol. 8vo, Boston, 1826. Mass. Register for 1852, ’.53, ’54, ’56, 4 vols. 8vo, Boston, 1852, etc. Mass State Record, 2 vols. 8vo, Boston, 1849 and 1851. Insane and Idiots, 1 vol. 8vo, Boston, 1855. Annual Reports of Education from 1863 to 1868, 6 vols. 8vo, Boston, 1863. Compendium U. S. Census, 1 vol. 8vo, Washington, 1854. Spurzheim on Education, 1 vol. 12mo, Boston, 18.32. Principles of Politeness, 1 vol. 12mo, Phila., 1792. Merchants’ and Bankers’ Almanac, 1854, 1 vol. 8vo, N. Y., 1854. Monthly Review, 1 vol. 8vo, London, 1810. Naval Magazine, 1 vol. 8vo, N. Y., 1836. Naval Magazine, 6 Nos., 1837. Lessons in Elocution, 1 vol. 12mo, Worcester, 1808. Universal Magazine, 3 vols., 8vo, London, n. d. Mnemo- nika, 1 vol. 16mo, Baltimore, 1812. Hymns and Psalms, etc., 8vo, Cambridge, 1825. Memoirs of American Academy, vols. 1, 2, 3, 4to, Boston, 1785. Priestley’s Op- 69 ticks, 1 vol. 4to, London, 1772. Commonwealth of Oceana, 1 vol. 8vo, London, lOoG. Resuscitatis, 1 vol. 8vo, Loudon, 1057. The Examiner for 18:12, 1 vol. folio. Collection of Discourses, 1 vol. 8vo, London, 1604. Poole, \Vm. F., Boston. Cotton Mather and Salem Witchcraft by W. F. Poole, 8vo i)amph., Boston, 1809. PiiossER, W. F., M. C. Report of Surveys across the Continent in 1867-68, by W. J. Palmer, 1 vol. 8vo, Phila., 1869. Putnam, F. W. Catalogue of the University of Virginia, 45th Session, 1808-09, 8vo, pamph., Baltimore, 1869. Smithsonian Institution. Catalogue of the Orthoptera of N. A. described previous to 1807; prepared by S. Scudder, 8vo, pamph., Washington, 1808. Smith, W. C., M. C. Speech of Hon. William Windom in U. S. House of Repre- sentatives, Jan. 5, 1809, 8vo, pamph., Washington, 1809. Report of E. F. Johnson to the Board of Directors of the Northern Pacific Railroad Co., Nov., 1867, 8vo, pamph., Hartford, 1867. Stanwood, Eben R., Essex. Miscellaneous pamphlets and papers, 6. Stickney, Matthew A. Seventeenth Annual Report of the New Y ork Juvenile Asylum, to the Legislature of the State, 8vo, pamph., N. Y., 1869. Sumner, Hon. Charles. Report of the Commissioner of Agriculture for the year 1867, 1 vol. 8vo, Washington, 1808. Congressional Directory for the 3d Session of the 40th Congress of the U. S. A., 8vo, Washington, 1809. Report of the Special Commissioner of the Revenue for 1868, 8vo, iiamph. Speech of Hon. John Slier- man in U. S. Senate, Jan. 27, 1869, 8vo, pamph., Washington, 1869. Speech of Hon. Charles Sumner in U. S. Senate, Feb. 5, 1869, 8vo, pamph., Washington, 1869. Monthly Report of the Department of Agriculture for .January and February, 1869, 8vo, pamph., Washington, 1869. Congressional Directory for 1st Session, 41st Con- gress of U. S. A., 8vo, pamph., Washington, 1869. Tucker, Jonathan. Joseph H. and his Court, 4 vols. 8vo, Mobile, 1804. Rules and Regulations of the State Fair of Louisiana, 8vo, pamph.. New Orleans, 1869. Moline Plow Works, 8vo, pamph., Chicago, 1867. Miscellaneous pamphlets, 21. Upham, J. Baxter, Boston. The Great Organ in the Boston Music Hall, 12mo, pamph., Boston, 1866. Report of the Committee on Music, 1868, 8vo, pamph. Valentine, Mrs. Miscellaneous pamphlets, 36. War Department, Surgeon General’s Office. Catalogue of the Surgical Section of the U. S. Army Medical Museum, 1 vol. 4to, Washington, 1800. Washburn & Co. Amateur Cultivator’s Guide, 1 vol. 8vo, Boston, 1869. Waters, Joseph G. Manuscript Papers and Account Books of the Salem Re- lief Fire Club. Waters, J. Linton, Chicago. Speeches of E. W. Evans and J. L. King, in the Wilkinson Tribune Libel Suit, 8vo, pamph., Chicago, 1809. The Chicago Tribune, 8vo, pamph. Third Annual Report of the Directors of the Union Stockyards and Transit Company, to the Stockholders, Jan. 15, 1869, 8vo, pamph., Chicago, 1869. The Health-Lift, 8vo, pamph. American Gold Quotations, 18mo, New York, 1869, South Side Park, Circulars for Voters. Illinois Central Railroad Company, Report to Directors, pamph. The North-western Liquid Fluid Company, 8vo, pamph., Chicago, 1868. Sixth Annual Report of the President and Directors of the Chicago and Alton Railroad Company, 8vo, pamph., Chicago, 1869. Webster, Prof. N. B., Vineland, N. J. Charter and Constitution of Ottawa Natural History Society, Canada, 5 iiamphlets. WiNTHROP, Robert C., Boston. Introductory Lecture to the Course on the Early History of Massachusetts, at Lowell Institute, Jan. 5, 1869, 8vo, Boston, 1869. BY EXCHANGE. Ajvierican Antiquarian Society. Proceedings at the Annual Meeting in Wor- cester, Oct. 21, 1868, 8yo, Worcester, 1869. 70 Arciiiv fuk Anthropologie. Zeitschriffc fiir Naturgeschichte und Urges- cliiclite des Menschen. Dritter Band. 4to, Braunschweig, 1868. Basel Natukeorschende Gesellschaet. Verhandlungen der Naturfors- chenden Gesellschaft in Basel, 8vo, 1868. Bihliotheque Universelle et Revue Suisse. Archives des Sciences Phys- ques et Naturelles. Jsouvelle Periode. Tome xxxiii, xxxiv, 8vo, Geneve, 1868, ’69. Boston Public Library. Boston Directory for 1789, 12mo, Boston, 1789, re- print. R. B. Thomas’ Fanner’s Almanac for 1864,-’5, ’6, ’7. Whig Almanac for 1854. Year Book of Unitarian Congregational Churches for 1868. Webster’s Cab eudar, or the Albany Almanac for 1869. Bulletin of the Boston Public Library for March, 1869, 8vo, pamph. Boston Society oe Natural History. Proceedings, vol. xii, sigs. 15,* 16, 17, 18, 8vo, pamph. Memoirs, vol. 1, pt. 4, 4to. Entomological Correspondence, 1 vol. 8vo, Boston, 1869. Cincinnati Public Library. Rules, By-laws and other Items, with Annual Reports, 1868, 8vo, pamph. Institut Historique be France. L’Investigateur, Journal de I’Nov., Dec., 1868, 8vo, Paris, 1868, Kongelige Norske Universitets. Meteorologiske lagttagelser i, det sydlige norge, Aarg, 1863, 1864, 1865, og. 1866. Oblong 4to, Christiania, 1867. Forhandlinger i Videnskabs-Selskabet i Christiania, Aar, 1867, 8vo, Christiania, 1868. Registre til Christiania Videnskabsselskabs Forhandlinger, 1858-1867, 8vo, Christiania, 1868. Det Kongelige Norske Frederiks Universitets Aarsbereting for Aaret, 1867, 8vo Christiania, 1868; Untersuchungen uber den Magnetismus der Erde, 1 vol. 4to, Christiania, 1819; Index Scholarum in Universitate Regia Fredericiana, small 4to, pamph., Christiania, 1868. Memoirs pour servir a la Connaisance des Crinoides vivants. ParM. Sars. 4to, 1868. Maine Historical Society. Collections, Second Series, vol. i, 8vo, Portland, 1869. Massachusetts Horticultural Society. Transactions for 1868, 8vo, pamph. Boston, 1869. Montreal Natural History Society. Canadian Naturalist and Geologist for June and December, 1868, vol. 3, nos. 5, 6, 8vo, pamph., Montreal. New Bedford Public Library, Trustees of. Seventeenth Annual Report of the Trustees of the Free Public Library of the City of New Bedford, 8vo, pamph.. New Bedford, 1869. New England Historic-Genealogical Society. The New England Genea- logical and Historical Register for April, 8vo, pamph., Boston, 1869. New Jersey Historical Society. Proceedings, vol. 1, No. 3, Second Series, 8vo, pampli., 1869. New York Lyceum of Natural History. Annals vol. ix. Nos. 1-4, 8vo, pamph.. New York, 1868. Philadelphia Academy of Natural Sciences. Journal, New Series, vol. vi, Pt. HI, 4to, pamph., Philadelpliia, 1869. Portland Society of Natural History. Proceedings, vol. 1, pt. 2, 8vo, pamph., Portland, 1869. Publishers. American Builder, March. American Literary Gazette, Feb. 15, Mch. 1, 15, Ap. 1. Book Buyer, Feb. 15, Mch. 15, Ap. 15. Christian World, Mch. Ap. Cosmos, Mch. 27. Educational Gazette, March. Essex Banner, Feb. 19, 26, Mch. 5, 12, 19, 26, Ap. 2, 9, 16. Gardener’s Monthly, Mch., Ap. Gloucester Tele- graph, Feb. 17, 20, 24, 27, Mch. 3, 6, 10, 13, 17, 20, 24, 27, 31, Ap. 3, 7, 10, 14, 17. Hard- wick’s Science-Gossip, Dec. 1, Mch. 1, Ap. 1. Haverhill Gazette, Feb. 19, 26, Mch. 5, 12, 19, 26, Ap. 2, 9, 16. Historical Magazine, Jan. Inside Track, Mch. Land and Water, Dec. 5, Jan. 16, 23, 30, Feb. 6, 13, 20, 27. Lawrence American, Feb. 19, 26, 71 Mch. 6, 12, 19, 26, Ap. 2, 9, 16. Lynn Reporter, Feb. 17, 20, 24, 27, Mch. 3, 6, 10, 13, 17, 20, 24, 27, 31, Ap. 3, 7, 10, 14, 17. Medical and Surgical Reporter, Feb. 13, 20, 27, Mch. 6, 13, 20, 27, Ap. 3, 10. Nation, Feb. 18, 25, Mch. 4, 11, 18, 25, Ap. 1, 8, 15. Pea- body Press, Feb. 17, 24, Mch. 3, 10, 17, 24, 31, Ap. 14. Triibner’s American and Ori- ental Literary Record, Feb. 15, Mch. 15. Western Bookseller, Mch. 1. SociETE Vaudoise des SCIENCES Naturelles. Bulletin de la Soci4t6 Vau- doise des Sciences Naturelles, Vol. ix. Nos. 54, 59, 8vo, Lausanne, 1866-8. Verein fur Erdkunde und verwandte Wissenschaften. Notizblatt des Vereins fur Erdkunde und Verwandte Wissenschaften zu Darmstadt und des Mittelrhfeinischen Geologischen Vereins; Nebst Mittheilungen aus der Grossh Hessischen Centralstelle fur die Landesstatistik; Herausgegeben von L. Ewald; Des Notizblatts des Vereins fiir Erdkunde, Folge iii. Heft vi, 8vo, Darmstadt, 1867. ADDITIONS TO THE MUSEUMS OF THE INSTITUTE AND THE PEABODY ACADEMY OF SCIENCE. (^March and April.) Willis G. Burnham, Essex. Earth containing Iron from Essex. S. Carlin. Specimen of a Domestic Cat, 13 years old. Wm. R. Cloutman, Charleston, S. C. Post Pliocene fossils from the Ashley River deposit, S. C. S. B. Danforth, Newburyport. An Albino Woodchuck taken in Newbury. H. Davis, Money Creek, Min. A box of Minerals, a bottle Leuciscii and two Gopher Skins from that locality. Mrs. Davis, Gloucester. A collection of Pressed Algae from that vicinity. Horace Eaton. Native Cap from Aspinwall. Rattles of the Califoi-nia Rattle- snake, and specimens of the Sequoia and California Redwood. Charles Fisher. Specimens of Gold Ores, Copper Pyrites. S. P. Fow^ler, Danvers. Specimen of Picus pubescens from Danvers. Henry R. Gardner, Salem. A specimen of Euplectella speciosa from the Island of Zebu. William Gardner, Salem. A Young Canary. H. Gillman, Detroit, Mich. A collection of Insects from Lake Superior. Alonzo Goldsmith. Young Python and three specimens of Gelassimus from Sierra I.eone. Young Flying Fish, and a Parasitic Crustacean from the mouth of a Flying Fish; both taken in latitude 22 or 23 N., longitude 40 W. John Gould, Ipswich. Small Weasel taken during the change of pelage in Essex. E. L. Greene, Col. Two specimens of Ophioglossus reticulatum from Albion, Wis., Oct. 5, 1866. William Grover. Twenty-nine specimens of Leda thraciformis, and two of Telina sp. from stomachs of Platessa sp. Capt. Henry D. Hall, U. S. R. M. Specimen of Squilla sp., from Cape Fear River, N. C. J. P. Haskell, Marblehead. One Scomberesox Storerii and several specimens of Bolina from the Grand Banks. Robert Howell, Nichols, Tioga Co., N. Y. A Collection of Fossils from the Chemung Group. A. Hyatt. Specimens of Reed used in smoking the Mummies found in the Mammoth Cave, Ky. A collection of Fossils from the vicinity of Annapolis, Md., 72 and a few from the Red Sandstone near Greenfield. A collection of Reptiles, In- sects, Crustaceans and Mollusks, in Alcohol, from various localities, and Plants from Anticosta, Cambridge, and Norway, Me. Also twelve Copper Coins from various countries. A. H. Johnson. Three Canadian Copper Coins, and one Copper Token. Samuel Killam, Boxford. Specimens of Pine Grosbeak (Pinicola Canaden- sis). H. F. King. A Cigar Case made by the natives of Java, from the quills of Pavo spicefer. Charles Lawrence, Danvers. An unfinished Stone Arrowhead found at Dan- vers. William Lord. Eighteen specimens, three species, of Coral, from the Sand- wich Islands; and seven species of Land and Marine Gasteropods. Philip McDonald. Two specimens of Gorgonia from South America. Frank McGill. Twelve specimens of Marine Shells from Zanzibar. Fourteen specimens of Marine Shells from West Indies. Also, under jaw of a Porpoise and Tooth of a Whale. E. S. Morse. A specimen of Camphor Wood. S. A. Nelson, Georgetown, Mass. Two skulls of Domestic Cats. Carapace and Sternum of Glyptemys insculpta. Partial Skeleton of Chelydra serpentina. Four Nests of Chimney Swallow. Charles H. Norris. An Alcoholic specimen of Goliathus from Acara, West Coast of Africa, collected by John J. Coker. H. K. Oliver. Sample of Bread made by the Navajo Indians from Blue Corn. A. S. Packard, Jr. Musk Rat (young) from South Salem. J. Perlet. Scolopendra sp., from Sulphur Springs, Fla. J. H. Poole, Peabody. Malformed Pig, bom April, 8, 1869. Charles Putnam. A piece of High Rock, Saratoga. A. Rat, Topsfield. Living Specimen of Triton violacea from Tojisfield. John H. Sears, Danvers. Two specimens of Picus villosus, shot at Wenham. William H. Silsbee. Cocoons of Telia polyphemus from vicinity of Beverly. An Implement from the Pacific Islands. Lovell Smith, Boston. Minerals from various localities. Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D. C. Forty-three Bird Skins from Costa Rica and other localities. George Spalding, Newburyport. Foetal Porpoise and a Whale Louse. R. E. C. Stearns, San Francisco, Cal. Six specimens of Marine Shells from Tampa Bay, Florida. Eight specimens of Marine Shells from Mounds near Rocky Point, Tampa Bay. One specimen of Sponge. Cones and Leaves of Pinus toeda and P. palustris from Florida. Specimens of Fossil Coral, etc., from Ballast Point, Tampa Bay. Three specimens of Cassidula corona from a Mound near Rocky Point, Florida. One Purpura ostrina. Fossil from Monterey, California. One Chlorostoma sp, S. S. Symonds. Rattle from a Snake killed on Valance Plantation, Parish As- sumption, Louisiana. Robert Upton. Partial skeleton of Lomvia sp. C. A. Walker, Chelsea. One Plectrophanes nivalis. Two .ffigiothus linarius. one Melospiza palustris ; all from the vicinity of Chelsea, Mass. Geo. P. Watson. Specimens of Mica, Tourmaline, Garnet, Quartz, etc., from Grafton, N. H. John Williams, Salem. Specimen of Brown Bat taken in Salem. By Purchase. A specimen of Ling, from Lake Winnipiseogee, taken at Alton Bay. BULLETIN OF THE ESSEX lE'STZTTJTE. VoL. I. Salem, Mass., May, June, 1869. Nos. 5, 6. One Dollar a Year in Advance. FIRST HOUSES IN SALEM. BY W. P. UPlIAM. [Continued from page 57.] It thus appears that the lot above mentioned was owned by Michael Shaflin before 1638 ; and the price which John Kitchen paid for it, indicates that there was a dwelling house on it at that time ; but it had disappeared in 1684. It was long known as the "Kitchen field,” and extended from the east side of Hamilton street westerly two hundred and seventy-five feet, and southerly from Essex street to Chestnut street. After the death of Robert Kitchen it was owned by his son Edward Kitchen, who left it by will, in 1766, to Edward Kitchen Turner. East of the Kitchen field was a lot of about the same dimensions, originally owned by Thomas Antrum. It extended easterly to a line about one hundred and twenty feet west of Cambridge street, and southerly to Chestnut street. East of this, and extending one hundred and twenty feet east of Cambridge street, was another lot Essex Inst. Bulletin. 10 , 74 originally owned by Richard Graves ; and between that and Summer street was an acre of land, with a dwelling house on it, conveyed by the heirs of Philip Veren, in 1655, to Wm. Lord, and by him to Wm. Lord, Jr., in 1658. South of the last two lots (those of Richard Graves and Philip Veren) and extending on Broad street from Summer street to a line one hundred and twenty feet west of Cambridge street, was the homestead of Francis Lawes, which, together with the Richard Graves lot which he also owned, making in all about five acres, he left by will, in 1666, to his son-in-law, John Neal, and his wife, and after their death to their son Jonathan Neal. Part of this estate has been retained in the same family to the present time. Francis Lawes lived on the east cor- ner of Cambridge and Broad streets, and the hill where the burying ground now is was in the earlier years called "Lawes Hill.” In 1721, Samuel Gaskill, aged eighty years, testified "that the dwelling house upon the hill by ye Almshouse in Salem, where Jonathan Neal now dwells, built by Francis Laws, was standing there before ye year 1660.” The Almshouse was where the Normal School building is now. Jonathan Neal left his home- stead, by will, in 1732, to his sons Jonathan and David, and in the division, in 1753, the dwelling house was assigned to Jonathan. In a deed by him in 1774, he mentions “ m?/ old house, as being on the eastern corner of Cambridge street ; and in the inventory of his estate, in 1795, is mentioned the dwelling house, now standing, on the west corner, and also "a?i old dwelling house^' on the east corner of Cambridge and Broad streets. This last was no doubt the one referred to in the above deposi- tion. Francis Lawes also owned the Antrum lot, above men- 75 tioiied, and left it to his grandson, Joseph Neal, descri- bing it as " part of that ground I bought of Mr. Edmond Batter and was formerly Thomas Antrnms, and is bounded north with the street, east with the land of mine formerly the land of Richard Graves, south with the land of John and Jonathan Pickering, and west with the land of John Kitchen.” In 1681 Thomas Manle bought of Joseph Neal the eastern portion of the Antrum lot, and also of Jonathan Neal a small portion of the Graves lot, and built the house in which he afterwards lived, and which was taken down a few years ago. Mr. James B. Curwen, who lives on the same site, has the original deeds in his possession. Jonathan Neale also conveyed a house lot, in 1680, to Benjamin Marston, who built thereon the house now standing on the western corner of Cambridge street, which street was then first laid out as a private way be- tween that house lot and another which he conveyed to Samuel Wakefield. Wakefield sold his house in 1684, to John Bullock, Innkeeper, and in 1706 it was conveyed to Richard Pike. Another house lot, next east, was conveyed by Neal, in 1680, to Samuel Shattuck, Jr., hat- maker and dyer, who built there the house now standing, part of which is owned and occupied by Mrs. Mary C. Stowers. This was the house to which Bridget Bishop came to get some lace dyed, when the effect Shattuck thought her visits had upon his child, aroused his suspi- cions that she was a witch, and caused him to testify against her at her trial in 1692. The house of William Lord, who owned the acre of land at the corner of Essex and Summer streets, was where Mr. Jonathan Peirce now lives. The southern part of his land, near the northern corner of Chestnut and Summer streets, was used by John Mason, from 1661 76 to 1687, for making bricks, and afterwards by Isaac Stearns for the same purpose ; and west of that as far as to Cambridge street, was another "brick place” owned by Thomas Maule, and afterwards Samuel Woodwell. South of the " Kitchen field ” and the Antrum lot, and fronting on Broad street from the land of Francis Lawes to Cotta’s lot, above described, which was about two hundred feet west of Pickering street, was the homestead of John Pickering, of about five acres. The first house in which he lived when he bought the Broadfield of Emanuel Downing, in 1643, was near the site of the present dwelling now occupied by John Pickering, Esq., his descendant in the seventh generation. This house, now standing, is one of the most interesting relics of the past we have in the city, both from its having been always occupied by the same family, and on account of its well authenticated antiquity. The following is taken from an account of this house in a memorandum book, and was written by Col. Timothy Pickering, Dec. 3, 1828. After referring to another house which his eldest sister Sarah (Pickering) Clark, who died Nov. 21, 1826, in her 97th year, remembered as standing at a small distance eastward of the present house. Col. Pickering writes : “I well remember that when I went to the woman’s school, being then only six years old, my father raised the roof of the northern side of the present house, and so made room for three chambers to accom- modate his family, having then nine children. The roof, according to the fashion of the time, running down on the northern side, so as to leave but one upright story. The windows were glazed with small panes, some diamond-shaped, and the others small oblongs. These were all set in leaden strips, formed thin, with grooves (by a machine made for the purpose) for the reception of the glass, on which the lead was easily pressed close down. Where the leads crossed they were soldered together ; and I perfectly remember seeing the glazier, Moore by name, setting glass in the old windows, in the manner here described. 77 I remember hearing my father say, that when he made the altera- tions and repairs above mentione*d, the eastern end of the house was one hundred years old, and the western end eighty years old. Conse- quently the eastern end is now (Dec. 3, 1828) 177 years old. For I am 83, and was but six years old in July, 1751, the year in which the alterations and repairs took place. I also remember hearing my father say, that, supposing the sills of the house must be decayed, he had provided new white oak timber to replace them; but that the carpenter, when he had ripped olf the weather-boards, found the sills sound, of swamp white oak ; and the carpenter told him that they would last longer than any new sills he could provide ; and the same sills remain to this day. At the southern side of broadfleld, a little eastward of the salt marsh, were many logs projecting beyond the low bank — manifestly the remains of a wharf,* erected when what is’ now the Mill Pond of the South Mills was a continuance of the South River.” Col. Pickering’s father was Deacon Timothy Pickering, who was born in 1703, and to whom Jonathan, a son of the first John, conveyed, in 1727, his portion of the homestead land, being the eastern part, and consisting of an acre and a half, together with the dwelling house on it in which he then lived. This house was no doubt the one remembered by Col. Pickering’s sister, Sarah. Deacon Timothy Pickering had five years before inherited the western part of the homestead, including the house now standing, from his father John, who was a grandson of the first John. There can be no doubt, therefore, that his statement of the age of the house was correct ; according to which the eastern half of the house is now two hun- dred and eighteen years, and the western part one hun- dred and ninety-eight years, old. This is also confirmed by the records, particularly the Commoners record, which shows that John Pickering was, in 1714, allowed two rights "for his father’s house that is, the house in which his father had lived (the one now standing) was built before 1661. It also appears from the same record, that * See Essex Inst. Coll., Vol. VIII, p. 22. 78 Jonathan Pickering’s house (which stood to the east of the present^ house) was the same "which one Deacon built before 1661.” The first John Pickering died in 1657, and his widow Elizabeth married John Deacon. The oldest son John, remained in the house which his father had built in 1651, while his mother and the younger son Jonathan, removed to the new house which John Deacon built on that part of the homestead which was set off to Jonathan. The mother died in 1662 ; and in 1671, the two brothers made a final settlement of the estate between them, at which time, according to Deacon Pickering, the western part of the present house was built. In regard to the original house in which John Pickering lived previous to 1651, we have the fol- lowing evidence given in a deposition by his grandson, showing that it was sold in 1663 or 1664, and removed to another place. On the Commoners Record for 1714, is entered one right to John Pickering "for his grandfather’s house,” which shows that another house had stood on his land which had belonged to his grandfather and was built before 1661. The following explains wha't became of it, and is also interesting as showing at what an early period houses were moved. “ The testimonie of John Pickering of full age saith, to his cer- tain knowledge the little house that was William Beenses* was his father’s Cottage Bight, that is allowed to me. He further saith that in the year 1GG3 or 1GG4, my father sold it to William Beens and it was removed to that place with oxen. John Pickering.” Opposite the Pickering house and south of Broad street (which at first included the present Cemetery and a strip of land west of it), was the "Broadfield” consist- ing of twenty acres and extending from the Hathorne * William Beans lived where now is the corner of Boston street and the Turnpike. 79 farm, the line of which corresponded nearly with Phelps Court, east and south to the South River, now the Mill Pond. This was at one time called the " Governor’s field.” It was sold by Gov. Endicott to Emanuel Downing before 1640, as appears by a deed of mortgage on the Suffolk Records, dated June 8, 1640, and ac- knowledged Dec. 20, 1644, by Emanuel Downing of " his mansion house f at Salem with four acres more or less thereto adjoining, and twenty acres more purchased of Mr. Endicott^ upon the South River.^^ John Pickering subsequently came into possession of the Broadfield by virtue of a deed of Indenture, now in the possession of John Pickering, Esq., of which the follow- ing is a literal copy : “This indenture made the 11th day of February anno 1642 Wit- nesseth that Lucey Dovvninge the wife of Emanuel Downinge of Salem in New Englande Esq. & Edmund Batter of Salem, gent: for & in consideration of the summe of twenty two pounds haue bargained & sould & by these presents doe bargain & sell to John Pickerring of Salem aforesaid carpenter all that parcell of grounde lying before the now dwelling house of the sd. Jno. Pickerriuge late in the occupation of Jno. Endicott Esq. with all the appurtenances thereto belonging, abutting on the East & South on the river commonly called the South river & on the West on the land of William Hawthorne &on the North vpon the towne common. To haue & to houlde to him, his heirs & assignes forever. In consideration whereof the said Jno. Pickerring doth couenantr to pay to the said Lucey & Edmund or either of them the aforesaide sume of twenty two pownds in manner and forme fol- lowinge. That is to say nine pownds of her debts to such persons as she hath appointed & eight pownds in bacon at vi^^ the pound & come at such rates as they are sould commonly by Capt : Traske the 2d week in Aprill next whereof xxi bushells is to be of Indian the rest pease and wheate and the other five powndes in such comodities as her occasions require excepting money & come. Prouided that if the aforesaid Jno. Pickering shal not duly performe the several payments according to agreement that then it shall be lawfull for the said Lucey See Essex Inst. Coll., Vol. VIII, p. 23. t Afterwards Gov. Bradstreet’s. 80 & Edmund or either of them to reenter and enjoy the said premises as before notwithstanding this agreement or any thinge therein con- tained : In witness whereof the parties aboue-said have hereunto set their hands & scales interchangably the day and yeare aboue written. Sealed & deliuered in the presence of vs Saim: Sharpe. Willm Hathorne Lucie Downinge [Seal.] Edmond Batter [Seal.] This Indenture is endorsed as follows: — Mrs. Down- ings and Mr. Batters Sale of the Broadfield unto Carpen- ter John Pickering — 1642 — On a separate paper is the following confirmation by Emanuel Downino: : O “I doe freely agree to the sale of the ffeild in Salem made by wife to Goodin : Pickering witness my hand this 10th of the 12 moneth 1643. Em: Downinge. (Endorsed.) This Eebr: 10th 1643 Emmanuel Downinge Esq. his Confirmation of his wife Lucies Sale of the Broadfield unto Carpen- ter John Pickering.” These papers have always remained in possession of the family and were not recorded till 1785. The expres- sion "late in the occupation of Jno. Endicott Esq.,” has been thought to apply to the dwelling house of John Pickering,^ but it seems most probable that it referred to the "parcell of grounde” which it appears by other evi- dence had belonged to Gov. Endicott. The westerly half of the Broadfield, being that part lying between Phelps court and Winthrop street, consist- ing of ten acres, came, in some way, into the possession of William Lord, Sen., who, in 1668, conveyed it to Nicholas Manning; and it finally, in 1756, came into the possession of Joseph Hathorne, and thus became merged in the Hathorne farm, except one acre and a half on the eastern side. Hathorne street was laid out, as a private *See Essex Inst. Hist. Coll., Vol. II, p. 40. 81 way, through this portion of the original Broadfield in 1807. In 1808 the Town conveyed to the abutting own- ers a strip of land which until then had formed part of Broad street, lying on the north side of the Broadfield from Winthrop street, where it had the same breadth as the burying ground, extending two hundred feet west of Hathorne street where it came to a point. Winthrop street was not laid out till 1842 ; and up to that time the Broadfield, except the western part above described, re- mained unbroken in the Pickering himily, with the excep- tion only that, from 1720 to 1731, five acres on the east side of Winthrop street were owned by Samuel Browne, to whom was allowed, in 1722, "a cottage right in the broadfield” for Edward Adams’ house, built before 1661. [To he continued. 1 ORDER OF MEETINGS. Begular meeting held May 3, the President in the chair. The Records of the last meeting were read. Donations to the Cabinets and to the Library, and the correspondence were announced. Robert S. Rantoul, Esq., read a paper* containing historical remi- niscences connected with the Salem Custom House, commencing with a brief but vivid recital of the early and noble commercial history of Salem. The speaker proceeded to give short biographical sketches of former Collectors at this port. It was voted that the tlianks of the Institute be presented to Mr. Rantoul, for the fidelity with which he has investigated his subject, and for the able and interesting man- ner in which he has presented it to our minds. Alfred Osgood of Newburyport was elected Resident Member. Annual meeting held Wednesday, May 12, the President in the chair. Records of last meeting read. The annual reports of several of the officers were read and ac- cepted. The Secretary, in his report, made the following statements. The present number of Resident and Corresponding Members was 805. The following have deceased during the year. Joseph Andrews, died * Printed in the Historical Collections of the Essex Institute, vol. x. Essex Inst. Bulletin. 11 82 at Boston, Feb. 8, 1869, aged 60 years. Charles W. Brewster, died at Portsmouth, N. H., Aug. 4, 1868, aged 66. J. Vincent Browne, died at Salem, Aug. 29, 1868, aged 66. Henry P. Herrick, died at Beverly, Mch. 31, 1869, aged 58. Warren M. Jacobs, died at Peabody, July 8, 1868, aged 60. Joseph S. Leavitt, died at Salem, Aug. 17, 1868, aged 71. Charles Mansfield, d. at Salem, Oct. 22, 1868, aged 67. J. V. Scripture, died at Lincoln, Aug. 9, 1868, aged 29. Short biographical notices will be prepared for the Historical Collections. No lectures have been delivered under the direction of the Insti- tute during the past year, outside of its regular meetings, unless the eloquent address of Hon. Charles W. Upham, delivered at a special meeting, upon the life and character of the former President, Francis Peabody, may be so regarded. The correspondence of the Institute has been very voluminous. The number and character of its letters indicate that the Institute is continually attracting the cordial interest of naturalists and antiquarians, not only in our own country but in Europe. The annual publications are three in number, viz : The Historical Collections, the Naturalist’s Directory, and the Bulletin. The Historical Collections has commenced a new series with Vol, 9, and discarding the small quarto form, now appears as an octavo. The Naturalist's Directory meets with great favor, and measures have been taken to secure its prompt correction as the lapse of time may require. The Bulletin is intended to replace the Proceedings hitherto pub- lished and to give to the public a portion of the communications made at the meetings. A brief summary of all the proceedings at each meeting will be given, including the recent correspondence, and donations to the library and museum; deficiencies existing in the collections will be stated, and the methods by which its friends may best aid in rendering them more complete. The more extended his- torical and scientific papers, especially those that require to be fully illustrated, will be reserved for publication in another form. The sci- entific communications will probably be assumed by the Trustees of the Peabody Academy of Science, and printed under their auspices, in the Memoirs of the Academy. From the foregoing statements it will be seen that the Institute maintains a steady and healthful growth. Some may regard the omisr sion of a course of lectures and social entertainments, such as are mentioned in the report of the previous year, as an indication of de- clining zeal. On the contrary, those who are acquainted with the present circumstances of the Institute know that these omissions have been made necessary by the sudden introduction of new meas- ures for advancing the objects of the Institute, which have called for the undivided attention and unremitting labors of our more prominent 83 and active members. The removal of the Natural History Collection of the Essex Institute to the Museum of the Peabody Academy of Science, and its re-arrangement there; the re- occupation of the cabi- nets in Plummer Hall, by transferring to them the valuable historical collections of the Institute, and the classification and arrangement of the antiquities, have involved a large amount of pains-taking toil. This, although less conspicuous to the public eye, is, nevertheless, quite as satisfactory an evidence of vigorous life. But among other reasons which have had weight to lead the lecture committee to decide against a course of lectures has been the expense which necessarily attends such meetings. It is believed by many of our number, that if the means could be obtained to heat and light the lower room in Plummer Hall, a prolonged series of lectures could be maintained which should be comparatively inexpensive to the public, instructive, popular, and a source of income to the Institute. It is also believed, that to make the semi-monthly meetings attractive, they should be held elsewhere than in the narrow room to which they are now confined. It is hoped that before another winter, the small sum required to provide a furnace, suitable gas fixtures, and seats, will have been obtained, so that we may invite our friends to rooms more attractive to an audience, certainly more inspiring to a lecturer. Three lectures have been delivered at the regular meetings ; two from Hon. Charles W. Upham, and one from Robert Rantoul, Esq. Owing to these and other addresses or written communications, the semi- monthly meetings have abounded in interesting instruction. Of the Field Meetings it is hardly necessary to add that the five held during the past year aflbrded great pleasure and much valuable in- formation to a large number of members and their friends who at- tended them. The spirit in which the citizens of the places visited have received the Institute and participated in its deliberations, shows how wisely chosen is this method of arousing and maintaining public interest in natural science and local history. Contributions brought to the cabinets of the Institute have been as numerous as heretofore. The Superintendent of the Museum stated that the various changes which had taken place during the past two years, and the transfer of the Natural History Collections to the charge of the Trus- tees of the Peabody Academy of Science, would necessarily make his report quite brief. At the last annual meeting the majority of the specimens compris- ing the scientific portion of the Museum, were reported as having been transferred to the Academy, and we have now the pleasure of stating that the Museum of the Academy, embracing the larger part of the collections of the East India Marine Society, and the scientific 84 portion of the Institute collection, with such specimens as have been received by the Academy, was opened to the public on Wednesday May 5th. The rules of the Academy provide that its Museum shall be open to the members of the Essex Institute and the East India Marine Society on Tuesdays, from 10 A. M. to 5 P. M., and to the public, at the same hours, on Wednesdays, Thursdays, Fridays, and Saturdays. Monday of each w^eek being strictly kept as a closed day. The members of the Institute will be undoubtedly gratified with the appearance of the new Museum, which owes so much to their past labors, and thankful that the change has been so harmoniously and satisfactorily accomplished. The removal of so large a portion of our former Museum, and the deposit with the Institute of a large number of specimens of an his- torical and antiquarian character, by the Trustees of the Academy, renders it very important that active measures should be taken by the Curators of the Historical Department in re-arranging the collection under their charge. Attention is also called to the large collection of medals, coins, and paper money in the possession of the Institute, and a similar one held by the Academy from the East India Marine Society. Neither of the collections are on exhibition, and if some arrangement could be made by the Academy and the Institute, by which the specimens could be arranged and exhibited together, a most valuable and instructive collection would be the result. During the past year a large number of donations have been re- ceived by the Institute, and after having been announced at the meet- ings, those belonging to tlie Natural History Department have been transferred to the charge of the Academy. The Libraman has the honor to report, that from one hundred and ninety donors, sixty-three difierent learned societies, and thirty-six publishers, there have been received as donations and exchanges, the following, of which a more detailed list accompanies this report. Serials, 906 Bound volumes, 940 Almanacs, 50 Pamphlets, ’ 3,314 5,210 The exchanges this year have been especially valuable ; of these, forty or more are from difierent foreign societies and publishers, to which may be added one hundred and forty-one difierent papers and serials received in exchange for the “American Naturalist,” and at present deposited in the Reading Room. 85 All the work of removing the books to the new library hall, as well as the cataloguing, has been done under the direction of the President. The ample space appropriated for the department of newspapers, documents, miscellaneous pamphlets, and manuscripts, will admit of an arrangement that will greatly facilitate reference and consultation. The CuRATon in charge of the Herbarium reports that on the ITtlv- of March, 1868, he began the work of examining and re-arranging the specimens of plants in the possession of the Institute. Attention was first given to the plants of Essex County. Selected Essex specimens were mounted on fine white herbarium paper, in the manner adopted by the Boston and Cambridge Institutions. - The work on Essex plants now stands as follows. The whole are sorted and mounted ; about two-thirds of them have the Academy label on them. The Polypetalous orders, being the first forty-eight fami- lies, from the Crowfoots to the Cornels, are finished and wrapped, ready for the shelves. These are also entered in the first, or num- bered catalogue, which is kept up regularly as the sheets are labeled. This finished portion includes one hundred and sixty-two sheets. The part not labeled takes in the lowest orders, from the grasses and carices, downwards. In the autumn of 1868, attention was given to the dry specimens in the Marine Hall, such as cones, and other fruits, seeds, woods, etc. These were very numerous, and were not arranged until after many weeks’ labor. A full examination of all foreign specimens was made. This part of the work was largely extended by the receipt of a very consider- able collection from Professor D. S. Sheldon, of Iowa. Every plant known to be in possession of the Institute has been thus examined, and left, if not correctly arranged, at least in safe and good condition. The Treasurer presented the following statement of the financial condition for the year ending May, 1869. General Account. Debits. Athenaeum; Rent, half Fuel, etc $429 50 Publications, .$1619 39; Salaries, $672; Gas, $7 60 . 2298 99 Repairs and fixtures, $275 02; Sundries, $66 58 . . . 341 60 Lectures and Social Meeting, close of previous year . 432 17 Historical Department 24 12 Balance Account 95 30 $3621 68 86 Credits. Dividends of Webster Bank, $40; Social Meeting, $250 50 $290 50 Peabody Academy of Science on account, $250; AthenaBum for Janitor, $75 325 00 Sale of Publications, $1359 29; Assessments, $1,046 . . 2405 29 Books, $100; Sundries, $43 99 143 99 From Natural History 167 00 Balance Account 289 90 $3621 68 Natural History and Horticulture. Debits. Shells, part payment $25 00 To General Account 167 00 Credits. Dividends, — Lowell Bleachery Portland, Saco and Portsmouth Railroad $192 00 $180 00 12 00 Historical Account. Debits. Binding, $71 62 ; Pamphlets, $5 00 Credits. Dividends, — Naumkeag Bank . Michigan Central Railroad From General Account .... $192 00 $76 62 $24 00 28 50 24 12 $76 62 The various reports were approved and accepted. The amendment of the Constitution, proposed at the two prece- ding Quarterly Meetings, was discussed, and on motion of Mr. James Upton, seconded by Honorable J. G. Waters, it was. unanimously voted to adopt the same by substituting the word “three” for the word “two” before the word “dollars” in Art. VII. of the Constitu- tion. The nominating committee made their report which was unani- mously accepted, and the following board of officers were elected for the ensuing year. President. HENRY WHEATLAND. Vice Presidents. Of Natural History — S. P. Fowler. Of Horticulture — Wm. Sutton. Of History — Abner C. Goodell, Jr. Recording and Home Secretary. A. H. Johnson. Foreign Secretary. A. S. Packard, Jr. Treasurer. Henry Wheatland. Librarian. W. P. U P H A M . Superintendent of the Museum. F . W . Putnam. Curators of Historical Department. W. P. Upham. Henry M. Brooks, M. A. Stickney, John Robinson, R. S. Rantoul, W. S. Messervy, James A. Gillis, Francis H. Lee. ‘ Curators of Natural History Department. H. F. King, G. A. Perkins, C. M. Tracy, Caleb Cooke, Edwin Bick- nell, E. S. Morse, Alpheus Hyatt, Benjamin Webb, jr. Curators of Department of Horticulture. John M. Ives, J. S. Cabot, R. S. Rogers, G. B. Loring, John Bertram, S. A. Merrill, Win. Maloon, Andrew Lackey, G. F. Brown, C. H. Hig- bee, John F. Allen, Francis Putnam, Wm. Mack, B. A. West, G. D. Glover. Lecture Committee. James Kimball, A. C. Goodell, jr., Wm. C. Endicott, George Perkins, G. D. Phippen, E. S. Morse. * Finance Committee. J. C. Lee, R. S. Rogers, G. D. Phippen, James Upton, S. Endicott Peabody, Robert Brookhouse. Field fleeting Committee. G. B. Loring, Samuel P. Fowler, C. M. Tracy, E. N. Walton, Charles Davis, A: W. Dodge, James T. Hewes. Library Committee. J. G. Waters, Alpheus Crosby, Francis H. Lee, R. S. Rantoul, W. P. Upham. Publication Committee. A. C. Goodell, jr., William P. Upham, F. W. Putnam, C. M. Tracy, R. S. Rantoul, A. S. Packard, jr., E. S. Morse, Alpheus Hyatt. 88 Rev. Daniel Dorchester of Salem, Michael H. Reynolds, and Wm. Litchman of Marblehead, were elected Resident Members. Begular meeting held Monday^ May 17. — President in the Chair. D. Webster King of Boston, and Rev. George Batchelor of Salem, were elected Resident Members. Field meeting at Wakefield, Thursday, June 10, 1869. — The first Field Meeting the present season, was held in the pleasant town of Wakefield; the natural scenery is fine, the several ponds affording a most attractive feature, wdiile the hills and valleys and plains form an agreeable variety to the landscape. Lake Qiiannapowit, whose southern shore is near the centre of the town, is about a mile long and half as wide, and its waters float many pleasure boats in great demand by lovers of fishing and sailing, and on its shores are many groves and beautiful residences. Smith’s Pond in the south part of the town is of smaller dimensions, but possesses many inter- esting features. Cowdrey’s Hill and Hart’s Hill are among the highest elevations in the town, from which extensive and lovely views are obtained. The day proved auspicious, and a large number of mem- bers and friends were in attendance ; the major portion left Salem at 10 A. M., while the others assembled from the various cities and towns in the immediate vicinity. On the arrival of the train from Sa- lem at the Water street crossing, the company left the cars, and were cordially welcomed by Edward Mansfield, Esq,, in behalf of the peo- ple of Wakefield. An invitation from Cyrus Wakefield, Esq., to visit his Rattan Factory was accepted, and to most of the company it was a novel sight, exciting astonishment at the magnitude of the estab- lishment, and admiration at the ingenious machinery and skilful oper- atives, and more than all at the exquisite beauty of the carpetings, chairs, baskets, canes, and many other useful and ornamental articles which are there manufactured exclusively of rattan. By the polite attention of Messrs. Trow and Carter, the various processes were explained to the visitors, by which the raw material is converted into the beautifully finished articles. The matting has the appearance of the finest Coir, while the baskets, chairs and settees, are of every de- sirable shape, and some of them of most beautiful finish ; children’s carriages, cradles, cribs, etc., etc., of great beauty; walking sticks of various patterns and colors ; and innumerable articles, which most people had supposed to be made of other materials, were found among the every day products of this establishment, every part of the rattan being utilized to the fullest extent. The party then proceeded to the Town Hall, and there forming into smaller groups, departed on different explorations, as inclination dic- tated,— the naturalists to Lake Quannapowit in quest of specimens; the antiquarian to the old records and other objects of historical 89 interest; the lovers of the picturesque to the neighboring eminences, to enjoy the beautiful scenery and extensive views, whilst those of a more practical turn visited the Iron Works, which employ about two hundred workmen; and some of the other manufacturing establish- ments, Many of the leading citizens furnished carriages, boats, and their personal services in adding interest to the occasion. At 1 o’clock the entire party assembled for the collation, and found that the townspeople had added liberally to the refreshments which the visitors had brought. The meeting for the literary exercises of the occasion, was organ- ized at 2 P. M. The records of the last meeting were read, and the donations and correspondence were announced by the respective officers. The President gave a brief resume of these social gatherings under the auspices of the Institute, and stated that the first Pield Meeting was held in Danvers, in June, 1849; since that time there had been meetings held in forty-six different places in thirty of the thirty-four towns or cities of Essex county ; and two outside the limits besides the present meeting. Naturalist’s Field Clubs have existed for several years in England, and no season passes without adding to the already numerous list. Some embrace among their objects “antiquities,” in others these de- partments are kept distinct, and are pursued under separate organiza- tions. The general plan is the same in all, though in the modification of the details there is some diversity. The enquiry, “ati bono” may be best answered in the words of some of their most zealous pro- moters. Sir William Jardine, Bart., President of the Dumfriesshire and Gallo- way Natural History and Antiquarian Society, thus .states the object of the society : — “ To secure a more frequent interchange of thought and opinion among those who cultivate natural history and .antiqui- ties ; to elicit and diffuse a taste for such studies, where it is un- formed ; and to afford means and opportunities for promoting it.” The Rev. Leonard Jenyns, President of the Bath Natural History and Antiquarian Field Club says: — “There are two especial objects which a club such as ours has, or ought to have in view ; one is the thorough investigation of the neighborhood in which it carries on its researches, as regards its natural history and antiquities ; the other, the bringing together men of the same pursuits, with the addition of those who, without following up any particular branch of science themselves, may yet enjoy the society of those who do, or who may like to join the club for the sake of the excursions, the health and exercise they afford, and the pleasure of rambling over new ground.” Leo Grindon, Esq., Secretary of the Manchester Field Naturalist’s Essex Inst. Bulletin. 12 90 Society says: — “The great aim of the society is to call forth and encourage latent taste for natural history.” The President of the Liverpool Naturalist’s Pield Club says: — “Large numbers join our excursions who are not particularly interested in any branch of natu- ral science, and this is just what the chief object of our club renders a desirable circumstance. The busy appearance of our workers, who often come in when tea is half over, flushed with exercise and ani- mated with success, is a suggestive lesson to others who may be found waiting at the door of our meeting room half an hour or even an hour before the appointed time ; a lesson on the difference of the amount of pleasure afforded by a walk with a special object and a walk without one.” It is gratifying to observe that an interest in these fleld excursions has been awakened in this country; the Worcester Natural History Society has held several during the past two or three years, and con- template their continuance the present season. Last week the Natural History Section of the Pittsfield Young Men’s Association, held a very successful meeting at Stockbridge, and several of the members of the Institute were present and took part in the proceedings. Mr. F. W. Putnam of Salem was introduced and gave an account of his researches in the department of zoology, exhibiting specimens of two species of turtles found in the pond — the Painted and the Musk — and described their peculiarities, as he also did of the Pick- eral, the Perch, the Shiner, and several other species of fishes found in the town. He also exhibited a cluster of fish eggs, the species of which he had not yet identified. He gave an interesting account of the May-fly, which at this season is very abundant in many places. Mr. Putnam next alluded to a fine group of stone and copper imple- ments which had been collected in Wakefield by Mr. James H. Carter and brought to the hall for inspection, some of which he had kindly donated to the Museum. He called special attention to the copper implement as being of the greatest interest and rarity ; as but very few copper implements had been found in Massachusetts. The speaker remarked that within a few years increased attention had been given to the study of Archaeology, and spoke of its importance in contribu- ting to our knowledge of the different races of people that had in- habited this continent prior to the advent of the European. Mr. E. S. Morse spoke of the different mollusks or shells found in ponds and brooks during the day and now exhibited to the meeting, happily illustrating his remarks on the blackboard. He traced the development of animals through their various stages of growth, the common frog being selected as the representative. Hon. Lilley Eaton of Wakefield was next called upon. He extend- ed words of welcome, congratulation and gratification, to the friends 91 from Essex County, and stated some excellent reasons why a visit to Wakefield, although beyond the limits of that County, was peculiarly appropriate ; one, its contiguity, bordering on said County and adjoin- ing two of her towns, with many of whose inhabitants we have daily extensive and intimate business and social relations ; another, it was once a part of Essex County, and the Indian deed of its territory stands recorded in the Essex Eegistry. He then mentioned several historical incidents respecting the past and the present of Wakefield, of which the following may be specified. The first settlement was made around these ponds, by the removal of several persons from Ljmn, about the year 1639, and was called Lynn Village, until its incorporation in 1644, when it was named Reading, and annexed to the County of Middlesex ; as the settlements extended to other parts of the township and were organized into parishes or precincts, this place was called the Eirst Parish of Reading, and was thus designated until 1812, when it was incorporated into a separate town under the name of “South Reading;” this name was changed in 1868, to “Wakefield,” in honor of one of its most munificent citi- zens. Not only were the earliest settlers all from Lynn, but many subsequent were either from Lynn or from other towns in the County of Essex. Peter Palfrey an early settler and distinguished citizen of Salem, removed hither before 1652, probably on account of a daughter having married Benjamin Smith of this town, who lived near the present station of the Salem Branch Railroad, and near the pond, that, from his family, was called “ Smith’s Pond.” Smith and his wife (whose name was Jehoaden) were probably cultivators of fruit, for we find that two excellent varieties of apple long famous in this vicinity, and still among the best, were named, one for him, “ The Ben,” sometimes known lately as the “ Eustis apple,” from our venerable pomologist who has introduced them to fame, and the other for her, “ The Jehoa- den.” One of the early blacksmiths, Robert Ken, came from Salem and built his shop upon the common, near a small pond that was long called “ Ken’s Pond,” which is now filled up. Rev. Richard Bonn was a native of Newbury, and the ancestor of the Saltonstalls. The chair- man of our Committee of Reception this day, Edward Mansfield, is a native of the County of Essex. This list might be greatly ex- tended, if time would permit. We may mention in this connection that our town has made some returns for these early accessions, by sending back to Essex, from our successive generations, many valu- able citizens, thus : — Rev. Elias Smith, the minister of Middleton, who was settled there in 1759, and was the ancestor of the Peabodys of Salem ; William Poole of Danvers, the leather dresser, and ances- tor of the respectable Poole family in Danvers and Peabody; Rev. 92 Samuel Batchelcler, formerly minister of Haverhill, and others ; the venerable Rev. Dr. Brown Emerson, now living at Salem, was of Wakefield descent, his grandfather, of the same name, having long been an eminent citizen of this place. Many other useful and promi- nent persons, including one or more among our visitors this day, have gone from this place to become inhabitants of Essex. Another consideration in favor of visits like the present, is the inti- mate connection of this town with the County of Essex by means of railroad facilities. We are thus directly connected by three different lines of railroad, with at least four of the principal cities and many of the large towns of Essex, and indirectly with many other places in the County, so that our people, in their pursuits and interests, are becoming homogeneous with those of that County. It is therefore not only suitable, but very pleasant, that a delega- tion from the heart of our mother County should pay this friendly visit to their suburbs. It is true we have nothing striking or wonder- ful to exhibit; no lofty mountains, majestic rivers or beautiful cas- cades ; no quarries of marble or granite ; no mines of coal, of silver or gold ; no Pirate’s Den or Devil’s Rock or Dishful, or other wonder- ful curiosities ; no famous battle or siege has rendered our territory historic, but the ashes of a hundred braves who fought for liberty in the war for independence, have made yonder cemetery sacred. Some of them were talented officers, and became subsequently influential and valuable citizens. We have some characteristics as a town, de- serving of notice, and will refer to only one or two of them. Our town, like the ancient Mt. Zion, is beautiful for natural situation and scenery. Its centre, an undulating plain, with lovely lakes at each end, “ Where people oft do wander o’er Their grassy banks and pebbled shore;” on either side are swelling hills, from which may be seen in the dis- tance, in one direction the deep blue sea, and in another the lofty summits of the mountains in New Hampshire; its soil is fertile, with an agreeable diversity of shady woodland and flowery meads all around its borders; few inland towns in the State exceeding it in the beauty of its natural scenery. The central and convenient location is fortunate. It Avas said by Johnson the ancient Woburn historian, Avho Avrote in 1651, that “ Reading hath her foundation in the A'ery centre of the country.” She holds a similar position in reference to population and business, being surrounded Avitli cities and populous tOAvns, at convenient dis- tances ; for Avithin a radius of some twelve or fifteen miles, are eight cities, many large towns, and nearly half a million of inhabitants. With these cities and towns she is connected by unusual railroad ac- 93 commodations. Art has added little to nature ; we have few imposing public buildings or palatial residences, although the foundation of a spacious and beautiful building for municipal purposes has been laid. We have respectable church edifices, in which talent and learning minister ; convenient school houses, where good schools are liberally supported and ably superintended; a public library of three or four thousand volumes ; a fiourishing agricultural and horticultural society, and various other social, industrial and moral associations. We have by estimation a population of above four thousand, and do an annual industrial business of more than {$2,000,000. Our numbers, resources and improvements, are increasing. Daniel Allen, Esq., of Wakefield, in response to a call from the chair, expressed his gratification at the visit of the Institute to the town, and eloquently spoke of the great perfection of the works of nature in comparison with man’s handiwork. He spoke of the im- portance of these meetings as promotive not only of social feeling, but also of a higher degree of general culture and refinement. Dr. Geo. B. Loring of Salem, gave some interesting reminiscences of the town as he remembered it, drawing a fine contrast between the schools of former days and those we find in Wakefield at the present time ; and in other departments than that of education, he said, cor- responding progress had been made. Remarks were also made by Hon. P. H. Sweetser, Rev. Dr. Chick- ERiNG and Rev. Mr. Bliss of Wakefield, and Mr. E. N. Walton of Salem. On motion by Dr. A. H. Johnson, a vote of thanks was unani- mously given to Messrs. Cyrus Wakefield, Edward Mansfield, J. D. Mansfield (President of the Wakefield Horticultural Society), Win. Martin, Thomas Emerson, Eugene Emerson, Greeley Merrill, James Eustis, L. B. Evans, James E. Woodward, Richard Brittan, Stanley Dearborn, A. Bond, E. S. Upham, Deadman & Perkins, John G. Aborn, John White, S. Kingman, William H. Hutchinson, G. H. Sweetser, E. G. Mansfield, Daniel Allen, C. W. Eaton, H. A. Mansfield, J. H. Carter, W. G. Skinner, Mrs. Wakefield, Mrs. Hutchinson, the Misses Allen, and other ladies and gentlemen of Wakefield, for their kind attentions to the Institute during the day. The meeting adjourned. On the way to the depot many of the members visited the elegant grounds of Mr. Wakefield, where noth- ing seems wanting which refined taste could suggest or wealth pro- cure to render them attractive. The Salem delegation reached home about six o’clock, having highly enjoyed the first Field Meeting of the year. 94 LETTERS ANNOUNCED. {May and June.') Adams, J. F. A., Pittsfield, May 15, 27, June 7; Batchelder, Jacob, Lynn, Apr. 28; Batcheller, J. B., Haverhill, May 3; Berlin, Die Gesellschaft Natui’forschender Freunde, Jan. 18; Boardman, Samuel L., Augusta, Me., May 8, 19; Bordeaux, Societe Linneenne, Mch. 12, 17; Bryant, B. S., Boston, Apr. 1; Caller, James M., Apr. 23; Chever, S. A., Melrose, May 29; Clarke, S. A., & Co., Pittsbui-g, Pa., Apr. 27; Conant, W. P., DalhotF, Mo., May 6; Dorchester, D., June 4; Drake, S. G., Boston, Apr. 22; Edinburgh, Royal Society, Jan. 7; Emery, G. E., Lynn, May 24; Felt, Charles W., Manchester, Eng., May 4; Gale, James, Haverhill, May 17; Goodell, A. C., May 7; Gottingen, Die Konigliche Gesellshaft der Wissenschaften, ^an.; Hall, B. H., Troy, N. Y., Apr. 28, May 10; Hewes, J. T., May 17 ; Jones, John P., Keytesville, Mo., May 24; King, D. Webster, Boston, Apr. 21, May 25; Kjoben- haven, Botaniske Forening, Sept. 21; Lackey, A., Haverhill, Apr. 29; Lincoln, Solomon, Boston, Apr. 26, 30; May 1 ; Loring, Francis W., Boston, June 1, 6; Lor- ing, George B., May 15, 23; Maine Historical Society, Apr.; Manchester Literary and Philosophical Society, Nov. 11, 1868; Mann, Mary, Cambridge, May 26; Mann- heimer, Verein fur Naturhunde, Nov., 1868; New Bedford City Library, Apr. 26; Newhall, James R. Lynn, May 5; Newman, Edward, London, Mch. 10; Noyes, E. A., Portland, Me., Apr. 29; Osgood, Alfred, Newburyport, May 28; Paine, Nathaniel, Worcester, May 17; Palmer Charles, Ipswich Apr. 24; Pearson, Jona., Schenectady, N. Y., May 20; Peele, J. W., Boston, Apr. 20; Peirson, G. H., April 10; Pennsylvania Historical Society, Apr. 22; Pingree, T. P., Pittsfield, May 15, 24; Prairie Farmer, Chicago, 111., May 5; Putnam, F. W., May 5; Rogers, Richard S., May 22; Slafter, Edmund F., Boston, Apr. 29; Smithsonian Institution, Washing- ton, D. C., Apr. 3; Steiger, E., New York, Apr. 29; Stroud, G. D., Philadelphia, Penn., Apr.; Sullivan, E. R., Zanesville, O., May 4; Stickney, M, A., May 17; Stone, Benj. W., New York, May 5; Taunton Museum, Jan. 14; Tuckerman, J. Francis, May 24; Veatch, Charles, Keytesville, Mo., May 21; Verrill, A. E., New Haven, Conn., May 20; Warren, S. D., Boston, May 24; Woods, Henri N., Rock- port, May 8. ADDITIONS TO THE LIBRARY. {May and June.) • BY DONATION. Allen, J. Fiske. Boston Cultivator, 4 vols. folio. Miscellaneous Pamphlets, 25. Bachelder, j. H. Massachusetts Legislative Documents for 1866, 1867, House 4 vols.. Senate 4 vols. 8vo. Boston, City of. Boston City Documents, 3 vols. 8vo, Boston, 1869. Butler, Benj. F., M. C. Congressional Globe, 40th Congress, 2d session, 5 vols. 4to, Washington, 1868. Supplement to Congressional Globe, 40th Cong., 2d Sess., Trial of the President, 1 vol. 4to, AYashington, 1868. Report of the Commissioner of Internal Revenue, 1 vol. 8vo, Washington, 1868. Report of the Secretary of the Treasury, 1 vol. 8vo, Washington, 1868. Commerce and Navigation of the U. S. for 1867. 1 vol. 8vo, Washington, 1868. Message and Documents, Navy Depart- ment, 1 vol. 8vo, Washington, 1868. Message and Documents, Post Office De- partment, 1 vol. 8vo, Washington, 1868. Civil Service of the U. S., 1 vol. 8vo. 95 Washington, 18(>8. Memorial Address on Life and Character of Thaddeus Stevens, 1 vol. 8vo, Washington, 1868. Act and Eesolutions of U. S. of America, 1 vol. 8vo, AVashington, 1868. Official Army Register for 1868, 12mo, pamph. Congressional Directory for the 40th Cong., 3d Sess. of U. S. of A., 8vo, pamph., Washington, 1869. Report on New York Election Frauds, 8vo, pamph., AVashington, 1869. Mr. IVfaynard’s Bill, read before U. S. House of Reps., Apr. 1, 1869, 8vo pamph. Cleaveland, Nehemiah. The Nurse, a Poem, by Roscoe, 1 vol. 4to, Liverpool, 1798. Buttmann’s Grammar, 1 vol. 8vo, Andover, 1839. Mainwaring Classics, 1 vol. 8vo, London, 1737. Miscellaneous, 1 vol. 8vo. Military Journal from 1775 to 1783, 1 vol. 8vo, Boston, 1823. View of Maine, 1 vol. 8vo, Boston, 1816. Massachu- setts Magazine, 1792, 1 vol. 8vo, Boston. Agricultural Papers, 1 vol. 12mo, Salem, 1796. Electra of Sophocles, 1 vol. 12mo, Boston, 1837. Education del Bello Sexo, 1 vol. 12mo. Miscellaneous pamphlets, 33. Cleveland, H. W. S. The Public Grounds of Chicago, 8vo, pamph., Chicago, 1869. Cole, Mrs. Nancy D. Miscellaneous pamphlets, 18. Congress Library, Washington, D. C. Catalogue of Books added to the Con- gress Library from Dec. 1, 1867 to Dec. 1, 1868, 1 vol. 4to, Washington, 1869. Davis, Charles, of Beverly. R. B. Thomas’ Farmers’ Almanacs, 50 numbers. Dreer, J. Ferdinand, Philadelphia. Grand National Celebration of the Fiftieth Anniversary of American Odd Fellowship, at Academy of Music, Phila., Apr. 26, 1869, 8vo, pamph., Phila. Emery, Samuel. Duffie’s Sermons, 2 vols. 8vo, New York, 1829. Trial of Friends at Steubenville, O., 1 vol. 8vo, Phila., 1829. Practical Philosophy, 1 vol. 8vo, Lansingburgh, 1805. Exposition of the Book of Job, 1 vol. 8vo, London, 1664. The Unsearchable Riches of Christ, 1 vol. 8vo. The Evangelist yet Evangelizing, 1 vol. 8vo, Dublin. AA^arden’s Letters, 1 vol. 12mo, Phila., 1817. New Testament, 1 vol. 8vo, Boston, 1809. Poems, Moral, Sentimental, and Satirical, 1 vol. 8vo, Bos- ton. War, 1 vol. 12mo, New Bedford, 1814. A Friendly Dialogue, 1 vol. 12mo, New- buryport, 1784. The AVeek’s Preparation of the Sacrament, 1 vol. 12mo. Miscella- neous pamphlets, 41. Goodrich, John Z., of Pittsfield. Proceedings at the Centennial Commemora- tion of the Organization of the Berkshire Association, 8vo, pamph., Boston, 1864. Goodrich, Mrs. J. Z., of Pittsfield. History of Stockbridge, by Miss E. F. Jones, 1 vol. 12mo, Springfield, 1854. Goodwin, AV. F. Leavitt’s Farmers’ Almanac, for 1867, 1869, 2 pamph., 8vo, Concord. Green, Samuel A., Boston. New York Insurance Reports for 1864, 1866, 1868, 4 vols. 8vo, Albany, 1864, etc. Miscellaneous pamphlels, 24. Howard, Charles D., Peabody. Seventeenth Annual Report of the Trustees of the Peabody Institute, 8vo, pamph., Peabody. Jones, John P. Miscellaneous pamphlets, 8. Lea, Isaac, LL. D. Observations on the Genus Unio, 4to, pamph., Phila. Lee, Francis H. Massachusetts Register and U. S. Calendar for 1827, 1 vol. 16mo, Boston. Lee, John C. Commercial Bulletin for April, May and June, 1869. Lincoln, Solomon. Boston Directory for 1866, 1868, 2 vols. 8vo, Boston. M.ACK, AVilliam. Report of the Commissioner of Internal Revenue for 1867, 1868, 2 vols. 8vo, Washington, 1867, 1868. Miscellaneous pamphlets, 9. Massachusetts State Department. Massachusetts Public Documents for 1866, Nos. 1-37, 4 vols, 8vo, Boston, 1867. Massachusetts Public Documents, for 1867, Nos. 1-38, 4 vols. 8vo, Boston, 1868. Acts and Resolves of the State of Massa- chusetts 1861, 1864, 1866, 1867, 5 vols. 8vo; Fourth Annual Report of the Board of State Charities, 1 vol. 8vo, Boston, 1868. Twenty-sixth Registration Report, 1 96 vol. 8vo, Boston, 1869. Bank Commissioners Reports for 1860, 1865, 1866, 1867. 1868, 5 pamph., 8vo. McCleary, Samuel F. Boston Municipal Register, 1 vol, 8vo, Boston, 1869. Newman, Edward. The Entomologist, vol. 3, 1 vol. 8vo, London, 1866, 1867. The Entomologist, vol. 4, 13 Nos., 8vo, London. The Zoologist, vol. 3, 12 Nos., 8vo, London. Nichols, Miss Lydia. The Port Folio, vols. 3, 4, 2 vols. 8vo, and 12 Nos. Mis- cellaneous pamphlets, 7. Palfray, Charles W. Charter of the Province of Massachusetts Bay in New England, 1 vol. 8vo, Boston, 1759. Poore, Alfred. Annual Reports of the Towns of Groveland and Haverhill for 1869, 4 pamphs., 8vo. Quaritch, Bernard. Catalogue of Works on Geography, Travels, etc., 8vo, pamph., London, 1869. Catalogue of Second Hand Books, 8vo, iiamph., London, 1869. Slafter, Edmund F. The Assassination Plot in New York in 1776, 8vo, Bos- ton, 1869. Souther, Henry, of Philadelphia. Pennsylvania Archives, 12 vols. 8vo, Phila- delphia, 1852. Colonial Records, 16 vols. 8vo, Philadelphia, 1852. Stone, Benj. W. New York Directory for 1864, 1 vol. 8vo, New York. Phila- delphia Directory for 1868, 1869, 1 vol. 8vo, Phila., 1868. Boston Almanac and Directory for 1868, 1 vol. 12mo. Sumner, Charles, U. S. Senate. Speech of Hon. H. B. Anthony in U. S. Sen- ate, Apr. 8, 1869, 8vo, Washington, 1869. Speech of Hon. C. Sumner in U. S. Sen- ate, Apr. 13, 1869, 8vo, pamph., Washington, 1869. Speech of Hon. Z. Chandler in U. S. Senate, Apr. 19, 1869, 8vo, pamph. Treasury Department, Washington, D. C. Mineral Resources of the States and Territories West of the Rocky Mountains, 1 vol. 8vo, Washington, 1869. Waters, J. Linton, Chicago. Chicago Live Stock Reporter for March, 1869. New Louisiana for April, 1869. Waters, Thomas S. Massachusetts Legislative Documents for 1868, 3 vols. 8vo. Worcester, F. Missionai-y Herald, 11 vols., 132 Nos. Home Missionary, 7 vols., 84 Nos. Hours at Home, 12 Nos. African Repository, 15 Nos. Theological Eclectic, 19 Nos. Church Reviews, 3 Nos. Miscellaneous pamphlets, 49. Young Men’s Association, Buffalo. Thirty-third Annual Report of the Ex- ecutive Committee, 8vo, pamph., Buffalo. BY EXCHANGE. American Social Science Association. .Journal containing the Transac- tions of the Association for June, 1869, 8vo, pamph., N. Y. Boston Society of Natural History. Proceedings, vol. xii, sigs. 22, 23, 24, 25, 8vo, pamph., 1869. Bowdoin College. The Bugle for June, 8vo, pamph., Lewiston, 1869. Der Zoologische Garten. Zeitschrift fUr Beobachtung, Pflege und Zucht der Thiere. Herausgegeben von Dr. F. C. Noll, Jahrg. ix. Nos. 7 to 12 incl., 6 Nos., 8vo, Frankfurt, A. M., 1868. Entomologischen Verein Stettin. Entomologische Zeitung. Herausgege- ben von dem entomologischen Vereine zu Stettin, 8vo, Stettin, 1868. Geological and Polytechnic Society of the West Riding of York- shire, Proceedings of the, 1868, 8vo, pamph., 1869. Gesellsciiaft Naturforschender Freunde. Stizungs-Berichte der Gesell- BULLETIN OF THE ESSEX ZISrSTITTJTE. VoL. I. Salem, Mass., July, August, 1869. Nos. 7, 8. One Dollar a Year in Advance. OKDER OF MEETINGS. Field Meeting at Wenham, Friday, July 18, 1869. The meeting this day was largely attended, representatives from many Essex towns, and also from outside the County limits being present. As the early train reached Wenham, Messrs. James Bartlett, Rufus A. Dodge, and William B. Morgan were in waiting with carriages, which, with one or two others, were placed at the disposal of the party during the day. Wenham, as in days of yore, is a pleasant town; it was called by John Dunton, in 1686, “a delicious paradise.” “I would choose it,” he writes, “ above all other towns in America to dwell in. The lofty trees on each side are a sufficient shelter from the winds ; and the warm sun so kindly ripens both the fruits and flowers as if the spring, the summer, and the autumn had agreed together to thrust winter out of doors.” The forenoon was spent in rambles about the town in search of the various interesting localities. The beautiful Wenham pond, so famous for its ice, and probably the only one of our charming little lakes, that has an European reputation, was visited by many — who sailed over its surface of some three hundred and twenty acres, and fished in its bright and .cooling waters, where pickerel and other fish abound. The excellent apparatus for supplying Salem with water, attracted great attention, and many a commendation was spoken relative to these works, and the efficiency of those having them in charge. On a small hill that stood on the site of some ice houses near this pond, Essex Inst. Bulletin. 13 98 since removed, was the place where the noted Hugh Peters, minister of Salem, preached the first sermon, this fine sheet of water being before him. The text selected for the occasion, was from John iii : 23. “ In Enon, near to Salem, because there was much water there,” and there has been much water there ever since. The naturalists repaired to Pleasant Pond, and strolling on its banks found much of interest, and collected many specimens in botany and zoology. The extensive swampy land in this section of the town, lying contiguous to Danvers and Topsfield, has long been a favorite resort of the naturalist. The associations that cluster around these scenes are many and pleasant. Hither, in days long past. Cutler, Nichols, Oakes, Pickering, and others, would come for many of their choicest treasures. Wenham was formerly a part of Salem, and the early settlers called the village “Enon.” When the place was incorporated in 1643, it assumed its present name. The records were kindly shown to those who were interested in these subjects, and contained much valuable information respecting the town. In front of the Town House is placed the old stone guide-post, with its several compartments, which informs the traveller that it is, or was, 17 1-2 miles to N. (Newbury- port), 20 1-2 to B. (Boston), 6 1-2 to I. (Ipswich), 9 1-2 to S. (Salem). It bears date 1710. The distance to Salem, if not to the other places, is now somewhat shortened. The old burial ground, about half a mile distant from the Town Hall, contains many interesting inscriptions. The oldest legible that was observed was that of “Sarah Fairfield, wife to Walter Fairfield, who died Dec. 18, 1710, in the 71st year of her age.” The names of “Skipper Balch,” 1714, “Freeborn Balch,” 1729, also were noticed ; and the name of Cue, a name not given in the elaborate Genealogical Dictionary of Hon. James Savage, appears in this connection : “ Mrs. Elizabeth Cue, who died Feb. 15, 1726, in the 74th year of her age;” “Robert Cue, who died Sept. 26, 1795, aged 96.” Elizabeth Cue was admitted to Wenham Church, April 24, 1698, Anna Cue in 1702, and Mary Cue 14, 4, 1719. At one o’clock the various parties reassembled in the Town Hall to partake of the collation. At half-past two the meeting was called to order by the President. • The records of the preceding meeting were read and the corres- pondence and donations were announced. The President made a few introductory remarks, alluding to the Field Meeting held in this place some eleven years since, and recalling some of the reminiscences of that occasion and several of the changes that have occurred during this interval. Dr. George B. Loring being called upon, alluded to some of the characteristics of Wenham, and gave some interesting reminiscences 99 of its early history. He referred to a recent field meeting held at Stockbridge, under the auspices of the Natural History Section of the Pittsfield Young Men’s Association, and stated that comparing the earliest dates of that town and of Wenham, he noticed that in former days it required something like a century for civilization to travel inland a distance of about a hundred and fifty miles ; while now it re- quires only about a week to traverse a thousand miles. Mr. E. S. Morse spoke principally of the Glacier system as illus- trated by the various boulders found in the vicinity, and the marks and scatches upon our rocks. Mr. F. W. Putnam spoke on the classification of the several varie- ties of fresh-water fishes in the ponds, and pointed out the various methods that have been adopted by different naturalists. He called attention to the meeting of the American Association for the Advance- ment of Science, to be held at Salem during the next month. Mr. William H. Dall, who was recently attached to the Russian Telegraph Company through Alaska, gave an interesting account of the resources of that section, and said that the generally received im- pression of the severity of the climate there, was entirely erroneous ; that at Sitka the climate was no more rigid than in this vicinity. In reply to a question by Mr. A. W. Dodge, he said, he considered the ac- count of that territory given by Mr. Sumner, as unquestionably the most accurate that had been published. Hon. A. W. Dodge of Hamilton, made some remarks on the power imparted by knowledge, and said he was looking for rapid scientific progress in the future. Mr. Nathaniel Paine, President of the Worcester Lyceum and Natural History Society, expressed his gratification at being present at an Essex Institute Field Meeting, which he had highly enjoyed, and he hoped to meet representatives of the Essex Society at some of the meetings of the Worcester organization. Mr. William B. Trask of Dorchester, and Rev. Mr. Joyslin also made interesting remarks of an historical character. Some valuable donations of ancient documents were made to the Institute collections by Mr. Samuel Porter, Chairman of the Select- men. A handsomely mounted cane was exhibited, which bears the inscription, “ J. Perkins, 1652,” and which has remained in the Per- kins family, located in the western part of Wenham. The following resolution was unanimously adopted : Besolved, That the thanks of the Essex Institute be presented to the Selectmen of the town of Wenham, for the use of the Town Hall to hold this meeting; also to Messrs. James Bartlett, William B. Mor- gan, Samuel Porter, Rufus A. Dodge, Wellington Poole, Nathaniel Gould and others of Wenham; Mr. Taylor of Boston; Mr. Henry W. Peabody of Salem; Messrs. Robinson, Whitman and Burbeck of Wen- ham, for kind attentions during the day. 100 Messrs. Byron Groce of Peabody, and Charles A. Beckford of Salem, were duly elected resident members. Field fleeting at Middleton, Thursday, August 5, 1869. A Field Meeting was held this day at the Middleton Paper Mills, on the Salem and Lowell Railroad, a portion of these premises, by the kindness of the proprietors, Messrs. Stephen O. and Charles Crane, being placed at the disposal of the visitors. On reaching the station, the company immediately entered the capacious drying room of the mill, which was the place of rendezvous. Here were deposited the baskets and other articles that were not immediately wanted, or that might prove cumbersome in the excur- sions about the neigliborhood. The weather in the early part of the day was warm but cloudy, and this portion of the time was pleasantly spent in scientific and social rambles among the many delightful groves with which this secluded and eminently rural place abounds, or on he banks of the river and pond and other inviting localities. Nu- merous botanical and zoological specimens were obtained, but few of any great rarity. At two o’clock p.M. the baskets were emptied and every one present partook of a substantial luncheon which proved a welcome feature of the day’s proceedings. At three o’clock the meeting was called to order by the President. The records of the preceding meeting were read. The correspon- dence and donations to the Library and Museum were announced. The President, in introducing the literary exercises of the occa- sion, remarked that this place presents much of interest to the nat- uralist and to the lovers of the picturesque : its romantic dells, its beautiful groves, its rich meadows redolent with fiowers of every hue, the river and the ponds with their peculiar fiora and fauna, and the old mill with the simple and rural bridge across the never failing stream, are objects that always impart much beauty to the landscape. The student of history cannot fail also to find many historical asso- ciations worthy of record; its history goes back to an early period. A recital of a few incidents may not be inappropriate and perhaps may not be devoid of interest. We are now assembled in the south-west- ern corner of Middleton, about two miles from the village and about one-quarter of a mile, more or less, from Peabody on the one side, and Lynnfield and North Reading on one of the others; and within the limits of Salem, as it once was, and near the ancient north-western boundary, though at a considerable distance from the nearest bounds as at present located. In 1636 it was determined that Salem bounds should extend from the meeting house six miles into the country, and this “six miles line ” was afterwards ascertained to run from a point about one-fourth 101 of a mile above, or west of “ Upton’s Mills,” and so on the same ra- dius easterly across Ipswich Eiver to Wenham. March 13, 1638-9, the bounds between Lynn and Salem were to run from the sea to Humphrey’s pond, and thence to six great Pine trees marked, called by the six men that laid out the bounds, “six men’s bounds,” and thence on the same line “so far as our bounds shall reach into the country.” Two of the six men were Roger Conant and John Woodbury “the old planters.” At this time all beyond seems to have been an almost boundless wilderness. In later records this was called “ seven men’s bounds.” The bounds above named were located about forty rods south of the road from Lynnfield to Salem, and about a mile south of this place. In 1697 this road was called “Boston Path,” and again in 1738 “ old Path.” The highway across the river near the mills was laid out in 1738 from Reading line near the widow Phelps’ through land of Nathaniel Phelps and Capt. Thomas Flint, and Samuel Flint “to the river be- tween two brooks,” then across the river to the land of John Buxton and Benjamin Russell and so to the former way. The perambulation line between Reading and Salem from 1673 to 1715 began at “ a small white oak on the south side of Ipswich River, near to John Phelps’ house,' which is the bound between Lynn and Salem.” In 1715 it began at the white oak by the river above “ Up- ton’s Mills.” The first settlers, soon after their arrival, received grants of land, and cleared the same for farming purposes ; the eligible sites on the several streams were improved for the erection of the saw, corn, or the fulling mill, these being essential for the convenience of the peo- ple. In 1709, and probably some years before, there was a mill in this place called “Upton’s Mill,” and was owned by John Upton and John Buxton. In 1724 John Buxton conveyed to Ezekiel Upton a right to erect a fulling mill near the same place. It was owned in whole or part afterwards by John Flint and others. On an old plan of lands in this vicinity, in the handwriting of Hon. Benjamin Lynde, jr., about 1750, this mill is designated as “Buxton’s Mill.” In the deed of conveyance of this property from John Flint to Francis Peabody of Salem, Feb. 25, 1832, it is mentioned “long known as Flint’s Mills.” Mr. Peabody immediately commenced the erection of buildings and the putting in of machinery for the manufacture of book and printing paper of the very best quality. In December, 1843, he sold the property to Zenas Crane, Luther Crane and Benjamin F. Martin, who continued the making of paper of various kinds. About ten years since, Mr. Stephen O. Crane took charge of the works and has continued the manufacture of paper, principally green curtain paper and the colored paper for handbills and posters. 102 The paper used by W. H. Prescott in the printing of the first edition of his history of Ferdinand and Isabella was made expressly for the work at this place, and was considered a very superior article. Here, as elsewhere in this county, on the old homesteads and cultivat- ing the ancestral acres, reside several of the descendants of the origi- nal grantees, though many have migrated at successive periods and became identified with the places of their adoption as persons of in- fluence and distinction in their respective occupations. The raised turf and the simple slab which we noticed frequently in this section indicate the place where “The rude forefathers of the hamlet sleep.” Mr. E. S. Morse, being called, mentioned that he devoted some time during the forenoon in examining the machinery in the mill (though at present owing to repairs not in operation), and presuming that some allusion to the process of manufacture might be appropriate, gave an account of the manufacture of paper, illustrating by black- board drawings the various operations through which rags or other materials pass. The various machines employed in this manufacture were also drawn and their operations explained. He said that fre- quently documents of great value had been found in the paper sent to the mills to be ground up, and sometimes coins and paper money had been found in the pockets of old garments in the “paper rags.” Our own people often destroy old cloths which might be of use in the paper manufactory, and hence the beggars of the old world were brought in to supply the deficiency. Italy did a large export business in this department. It not unfrequently happened that these im- ported rags were infected by disease ; small pox had been thus com- municated, and the operatives were obliged to use the greatest pre- caution. Mr. F. W. Putnam announced that since the last meeting about twenty additions had been made to the Museum of the Institute, among which was a collection of African snakes from Sierra Leone, presented by Lieut. John B. Upton. He then gave a brief description of several fishes and other common specimens in zoology collected during the forenoon, explaining the distinguishing characteristics of the scaly and the smooth reptiles, the former retaining the same form from birth to old age, and the latter going through a series of trans- formations ; the batrachians breathing by means of gills in their earlier stages. Frogs and toads have their tongues attached forward and reaching back, this construction being specially adapted to catch- ing flies and insects for food. The Kattlesnake is the only poisonous reptile found in this county, and has poisonous fangs pi the rear of the upper teeth, which if removed will form anew, hence some semi- domesticated rattlesnakes had become dangerous after the fangs had 103 once been taken out, and lives had thus been lost by bites from these reptiles kept for exhibition. He also alluded to the pickerel and described the diflerence existing in species found in various localities. He also explained the formation of galls on the willow and other trees, by the insect depositing its eggs in an incision in the bark. A cater- pillar of peculiar construction was described as being the larva of the saw-fly. M. Ferdinand Bocher, Professor in the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, spoke of the beneflcial combination of science and literature, giving some amusing illustrations of what he called the scientiflc and unscientiflc methods of teaching languages. Language he claimed was an important element of history, and the peculiarities of language threw much light upon history. Facts should be the foundation of theories, and not the deductions from them. Mr. E. W. Buswell, Treasurer and Corresponding Secretary of the Massachusetts Horticultural Society, spoke of Field Meetings as an important auxiliary in carrying forward the peculiar work of such or- ganizations as the Essex Institute. Rev. G. A. Pollard, late of the Erzroom Mission, alluded to the re- mark of Prof. Bocher relative to history being learned from languages, and gave some striking illustrations that had come under his own ob- servation. He also gave an interesting account of the people with whom he formerly labored, alluding to the commonly received belief of their origin, tracing back as far as a grandson of the patriarch Noah. The following resolution, proposed by Mr. E. N. Walton of Salem, was unanimously adopted. Besolved, That the thanks of the Institute are due to Messrs. James Flint, S. O. and C. Crane, Abiel and Charles H. Hayward and others, for their successful eflbrts to render the meeting interesting. After a pleasant visit to the excellent farm of Mr. Flint (a brother of the Secretary of the State Board of Agriculture) the company took the cars for home, well pleased with the exercises of the day. Field Meeting at Eockport, Thursday, August, 26, 1869. The meet- ing at the Pavilion Grounds, Pigeon Cove, Rockport, this day, was attended by a large number of the members of the American Associa- tion for the Advancement of Science, which closed its sessions in Salem on the day preceding. The greater part of the company w'as accommodated on an extra train which left Salem at nine o’clock in the forenoon, although the morning and noon trains brought a con- siderable accession. The great interest that had been awakened by the recent meetings of the Association induced an unprecedented number of persons to join in the excursion, and thus somewhat de- ranged the plans of the citizens of Rockport, who were not prepared to receive so large a delegation. 104 Leaving the Railroad Station at Rockport, the party proceeded to the grounds selected for the meeting, about two miles distant, passing through the village of Pigeon Cove, and along the New Atlantic Avenue, recently built by Mr. E. B. Phillips ; this avenue leaves the main road near the school house, and winds along in full view of the ocean, to the Pine Groves at Halibut Point; it is quite level, and graded up with coarse gravel, forming one of the finest drives upon the Cape, and will doubtless, at no distant day, be occupied by dwelling houses, and summer resorts. At this point — a rocky promontory overlooking the open sea and agreeably shaded by scrub oaks — a com- modious marquee had been put up, which was the headquarters for the day, and in which the luncheon baskets were soon deposited, and the company separated into small parties for exploration, as inclina- tion dictated. Some made explorations into the interior in pursuit of specimens, while others rambled along the shore, or visited the quarries to obtain geological specimens. A little further on, rising above another grove on an eminence, is a rude observatory, from the top of which an extensive view is obtained. Still further on, are all the attractions of a broken seashore, with shelving rocks and dashing waves. The promontory commands an uninterrupted prospect of the broad Atlantic, studded with passing sails; the distant fishing fieet clustered together in the offing ; Portsmouth, Rye, the Isles of Shoals far to the north, and the nearer shores of Essex, and Newburyport, in the same direction; Rockport, the white light of Cape Ann, and the chimney like night beacons on Thatcher’s Island. The most prominent features of the town were the frequent quarries of granite, in most of which numbers of men and teams of oxen were busily engaged in transporting stone to the coast, for the purpose of forming breakwaters, in order to afford safe harborage for vessels. At one o’clock the scattered forces were called in, and after partak- ing of the repast, the meeting was called to order by the President. The Secretary being absent, Mr. N. A. Horton was requested to act as Secretary for the day. Records were read; correspondence and donations announced, The President gave a brief sketch of the locality, and traced the origin and growth of the Field Meetings ; he also alluded to the objects of interest passed on the journey from Salem to Rockport, including in his remarks the discovery of the Magnolia in the woods of Glouces- ter. Dr. G. B. Loring, as chairman of the field committee, addressed the audience, and remarked that he had great pleasure in reminding the eminent men of science, then present, that they stood on the great historic spot of Massachusetts, and almost the historic spot of the 105 United States. Old Essex County ! what had it not done for theology, art, science and the great business of life ! He then adverted in earnest and eloquent terms to the many men of mark and eminence born in Essex County, specially mentioning Peters, Stewart, Woods, Timothy Pickering, Rufus Choate, Jonathan Jackson, Pickman, Peabody, Hawthorne, Prescott, and others. It was these men who had given Essex her distinction, and it was these men whom the present generation were striving to follow, although with unequal steps. Their influence, however, still lived and stirred the rising generation. Essex County, too, had established, for the flrst time, the plan of Eield Meetings. Let not scientiflc men smile ; let them rather come down from their high pedestal of science, and open their treasures of learning to the people, so that science might be- come practical as well as theoretical, and thus elevate the people, improve the art of living, and perfect the system of government. It was the union of the practical with the scientiflc which really educated mankind and made the man of science useful. In regard to farming he would say that agriculture in Massachusetts would never be devel- oped to its proper standard until science shed its light upon it. Sci- entiflc men should not argue, as he had noticed in one of the flnest papers read at the late meeting, that the reduction of science to prac- tice was what no scientiflc man could bear. Rather let scientiflc men, if they dare do it, put their facts before the people, and let the people sit in judgment on them. Then science would render its full and per- fect service to mankind, and the people would then follow their great scientiflc leaders. For this Institute and for its self-sacriflcing presi- dent, he claimed all the honors which science could bestow, for in them science had been joined to the popular heart. He concluded with an allusion to Professor Peirce, who was a son of Essex, and who, as the great American mathematician, had rendered his name and country illustrious. Mr. Edward S. Morse of Salem, followed in a statement of the peculiarities of the locality of the meeting, and of what living speci- mens could there be found. He said that one of the main objects of collecting specimens was to elucidate the principles of classiflcation. It seemed to him that if the church three hundred years ago had been as honest as science is to-day, the world would not be so blinded with superstition as it is. Science, by basing its deductions on facts and on the nature of things, and by making predictions which came true, had removed many of the dogmas of ignorance and superstition. He denounced the practice of apologizing for the study of science, by say- ing that it would pay, and enable us to raise better crops, etc. That was merely a bread and butter argument. Science and nature should be studied for the sake of truth. He then alluded to the importance Essex Inst. Bulletin. 14 106 of chemically and geologically examining aerolites with a view to determine whether other w’orlds were inhabited. Aerolites, which were fragments of bodies passing through space, or portions of planets, were of two kinds, — one metallic, and the other sandstone. Imagine the immense importance of finding in these aerolites a par- ticle of a scale or any other traces of organic life ? So regular and interdependent were the laws of nature, that such a discovery, if really made, would determine the question as to whether other worlds were inhabited. Colonel J. W. Foster of Chicago, next addressed the meeting. In a lucid and able speech, he contrasted the geology of the east and the west, and described the geological features and characteristics of the United States, taking the valley of the Mississippi as the starting place of observation. After further alluding to these points, he said that although Massachusetts was the first State that was geologically surveyed, yet it was to be regretted that it was still almost a blank in geological science. They knew little of those rocks in Massachu- setts which had been so long subjected to igneous agency. He thought, however, that in a few years a solution of all difficulties would be eflTected. Probably they would find that in the igneous rocks of Nahant they had the Devonian shales of the West. Sir William Logan, and a corps of able assistants, were about to investigate these matters. Professor T. Sterry Hunt of Canada, gave a geological descrip- tion and history of the New England granite formation. The investi- gation of the last twenty years had gone very far to destroy the commonly received notion that granite was the foundation of all other rocks. They were beginning to learn that instead of the granites being the substrata of the globe, they were rather secondary and derived rocks, — that they were once great beds of gravel or sandstone which had subsequently become crystallized. After speak- ing of the probable age of New England granites. Professor Hunt said that in walking along the shore at Rockport, he could see that the granites were distinctly stratified with alternations of sandstone at different periods. This clearly showed their sedimentary origin, and probably identified them as being the same as the granites north and south, and thus enabled them to class them among the Devonian rocks. Perhaps ten thousand or fifteen thousand feet beneath them might be beds holding fossils of the Silurian type, — the same beds, perhaps, as those cropping out at Braintree. As compared with the rocks at Braintree, the granites probably were of very recent origin. From careful analysis it was ascertained that the Rockport granite contained traces of living organisms. He would mention that wdth reference to aerolites, chemists had found in them traces which by 107 them were regarded as certain evidence’ of the remains of organic life. Professor Benjamin Peirce, Superintendent of the U. S. Coast Survey, of Cambridge, was introduced as a native of Salem, and he made a speech full of love for his early home, and recounted many reminiscences of his youthful days, that revived in the minds of his old townfolks and former playmates of both sexes, pleasant memories of the years that have passed. He deservedly complimented J’rofes- sor Agassiz, whose absence was regretted, hj saying that his heart was in his work, which was the secret of his great success. He believed that whatever a man did that was worth doing, he did it not so much from his head as from his heart. Many men of great intel- lect failed because they lacked heart. Without heart there was a want of faith, and then great thoughts often refused to enter in. He then paid a tribute to the memories of Dr. Bowditch, Prescott, Page and Pickman. He had great pleasure in laying the last results of his labors at the feet of his maternal city — Salem. He had that day signed a paper for the establishment of a light in Salem harbor, which had been first surveyed by Dr. Bowditch. Rev. Z. A. Mudge of Marblehead, and Professor P. Bocher of Wen- ham, were duly elected resident members. Voted, That the thanks of the Essex Institute be presented to Mr. E. B. Phillips for the use of the grounds, to Mr. George Babson for the use of the tent and for other attentions, and to the Superintend- ent and Officers of the Eastern Railroad Corporation, for courtesies. LETTERS ANNOUNCED. (July and August.') Alien, George N., Oberlin, O., June 10; American Philosophical Society, Phila., Pa., June 26; Baker, C. Alice, Cambridge, July 13; Bocher, Ferdinand, Wenham, Aug. 12; Boston Public Library, July 16, 23; Boston Society of Natural History, July 24; Bruxelles Academie Royalp, July 8; Bumstead, F. J., New York, June 13; Butterfield, W. Webster, Indianapolis, Ind., July 28; Challen, Howard, Phila., Pa., July 19, Aug. 24; Cheney, T. Apoleon, Watkins, N. Y., July 12; Chever, S. A., Melrose, June 16; Chipman, R. Mannicg, East Granby, Conn., June 22, Aug. 2; Crane, C. H., Washington, D. C., July 29; Danzig, Die Naturforschende Gesell- schaft, Nov. 30; Dodge, A. W., July 19, 29; Fellowes, R. S., New Haven, Conn., Aug. 23; Gregory, James J. H., Marblehead, Aug. 12; Hanaford, Mrs. P. A., Hingham, July ; Huntington, D. B., Salt Lake City, Utah, Aug. 10; Ives, Robert H., June 26; Johnson, Mrs. Lucy P., July; Joslin, Ellen L., Leominster, Aug. 1; Lackey, A., HaverhiU, June 10; Lesley, J. P., Phila., Pa., June 26; Lockyer, J. Norman, London, Eng., Aug. 2; Loring, F. W., Boston, July 14; Liinenburg, Der Naturwissenschaftliche Vereiu, Feb. 23; Mann, Mary, Cambridge, June 9, 15; Mudge, Z. A., Marblehead, Aug. 11; Munchen, Das Bibliothekariat, May 6; Na- tion, New York, July 1; New England Historic-Genealogical Society, Boston, Aug. 108 13; Nott, Eliphalet, Portland, Me., July 6; Osgood, Charles, Jr., Lynn, June 24; Paine, Nathaniel, Worcester, July 10, 27; Prescott, J., Boston, July 7, 8; Rothrock, J. T., Centre Co., Pa., June 16, Aug. 5; Sheldon & Co., New York, June 12; Snell- ing, S. G., Boston, July 10; Stone, Benj. W., July 29; Stone, William, Providence, R. I., Aug. 4; Warren, S. B., Boston, July 24; Wiggin, J. K., Boston, Aug. 9; Williams, H. L., Rockport, Aug. 25; Winsor, J., Boston, July 8, 16, 23; Zaba, N. r., Boston, Aug. 24. ADDITIONS TO THE LIBRARY.' (July and August.') BY DONATION. Allen, J. Fiske. Report of the Commissioner of Agriculture for year 1867, 1 vol. 8vo, Washington, 1868. American Congregational Association. Sixteenth Annual Report of the Directors. 8vo pamph., Boston, 1869. Barlow, John. Legislative Documents of Massachusetts, 18 numbers. Brown, Francis H., of Boston. Roll of Students of Harvard University who served in the Army or Navy of the United States during the War of the Rebellion, 8vo pamph., Cambridge, 1869. Chamber of Commerce of the State of New York. Eleventh Annual Report. 1 vol. 8vo., New York, 1869. Chase, George C. Friends’ Review, 8 Nos. Miscellaneous pamphlets, 10. Cheney, T. Apoleon, of Watkins, N. Y. Historical Sketch of the Chemung Valley, etc., by T. A. Cheney, 8vo^pamph., Watkins, 1868. Folger, William C., of Nantucket. Miscellaneous pamphlets, 13. Foote, Caleb. Files of several County Papers for April, May, and June, 1869. Frost, Mrs. L. A. Armory Square Hospital Gazette, Washington, D. C., several copies for 1864. Manuscript Journal of D. O. Allen kept on the passage from Bombay to Ceylon, 1835. Gould, John H., of Baltimore, Md. Swick’s St. Joseph Directory for 1867-68, 1 vol. 8vo, St. Joseph, Mo., 1667. Logan’s Indianapolis City Directory for 1867-68, 1 vol. 8vo, 1867. American Review for October, 1812, 8vo pamph., Phila. Select Reviews of Literature, 1 vol. 8vo, Phila., 1812. Owen on the Sacrament, 1 vol. 16mo, Edinburgh, 1774. Green, Samuel A., of Boston. Boston Directory for 1868, 1 vol. 8vo. Miscel- laneous pamphlets, 150. HoSFORD, Oramel. Thirty-second Annual Report of the Superintendent of Public Instruction of the State of Michigan for 1868, 1 vol. 8vo, Lansing, 1868. Hotchkiss, Susan V. Programmes of Yale College Commencement, etc. Huguet-Latour, L. a. Report of Delegates appointed to Negotiate for the Acquisition of Rupert’s Land and the North-west Territory, 8vo pamph., Ottawa, 1869. Huntington, D. B. Salt Lake City Directory and Business Guide for 1869, 1 vol. 8vo. Johnson, Samuel. Miscellaneous pamphlets, 86. Leakin, George A., of Baltimore. The Periodic Law, 1 vol. 18mo, New York, 1868. Lee, John C. Commercial Bulletin for June and July, 1869. Lord, N. J. Boston Post for April, May, June, 1869. 109 Mackintire, E. a. 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XXV, Bogen 1-2, 2 pamphlets 8vo, Bonn, 1868. Naturwissenschaftlichen Verein zu Bremen. Abhandlungen herausgege- ben vom naturwissenschaftlichen Vereine zu Bremen, 2 Bd., 1 Heft., 8vo pamph., Bremen, 1869. Naturwissenschaftlichen Verein zu Luneburg. Jahresheft der Naturwis- senschaftlichen Vereins fur das Furstenthum Liineburg, HI, 1867, 8vo pamph. Naturwissenschaftlichen Verein fur Sachsen und Thuringen. Zeit- schrift fur die Gesamten Naturwissenschaften. Herausgegeben von dem Natur- wissenschaftlichen Vereine fur Sachsen und Thuringen in Halle, Jahrg, 1868, 8vo pamph., Berlin, 1888. New England Historic-Genealogical Society. New England Historical and Genealogical Register and Antiquarian Journal for July, 8vo pamph., Bos- ton, 1869. NORvkGE Universite royale de. Memoirs pour servir a la connaissance des Crinoides Vivants par Michael Sars,,4to pamph., Christiania, 1868. Nova Scotian Institute of Natural Sciences, Halifax, N. S. Proceedings and Transactions, vol. 2, Part 2, 8vo pamph., Halifax, N. S., 1869. Oberhessiche Gesellschaft Fur Natur-und Heilkunde Giessen. Drei- zhnter Bericht der Oberhessischen Gesellschaft fur Natur-und Heilkunde, April 1868, 8vo pamph., Giessen. 112 Peabody Institute, Baltimore, Md. Second Annual Report of the Provost to the Trustees„June 3, 1869, 8vo pamph., Baltimoi’e, 1869. Philadelphia Academy of Natural Sciences. Proceedings Jan., Feb., Mch. and Apr., 1869, 8vo pamph. Pha'SIKALIsch-Medicinische Gesellschaft. Verhandlungen der Physikal, isch-Medicinischen Gesellschaft in Wurzburg,|Herausgegeben von der Redactions Commission der Gesellschaft, Neue Folge, Band I, Heft 3, 8vo pamph., Wurzburg, 1868. Portland Institute and Public Library. Finding List for Books in. 1 vol. 8vo Portland, 1869. Publishers. American Booksellers Guide, July 1. American Literary Ga- zette, May 15, June 1, 15, July 1, 15, Aug. 2, 16. American Publisher and Book- seller, July. Book Buyer, May, June, July, Aug. Canadian Journal, April, July. Journal de Conchyliologie comprenant PEtude des Mollusques vivants et Fossils, Jan. and Apr., 1869, 2 pamphlets., 8vo Paris. Christian World, June, July, Aug. College Courant, June 26. Cosmos, May 22, 29, June 19, 26, July 3, 10, 17, 24, 31. Essex Banner, May 14, 21, 28, June 4, 11, 18, 25, July 2, 9, 16, 23, 30, Aug. 6, 13, 20. Gardener’s Monthly, June, July, Aug. Gloucester Telegraph, May 12, 15, 19, 22, 26, 29, June 2, 9, 12, 16, 19, 23, 26, 30, July 3, 7, 10, 14, 17, 21, 24, 28, 31, Aug. 4, 7, 11, 14, 18, 21, 25. Hardwicke’s Science Gossip, July, Aug. Haverhill Gazette, May 14, 21, 28, June 4, 11, 18, 25, July 2, 9, 16, 23, 30, Aug. 6, 13, 20. Hingham Journal, July 9. Historical Magazine, July, 1868. Hoop Skirt, June, July. Land and Water, Apr. 10, 17, 24, May 1, 8, 15, 22, 29, June 12, 19, 26. Lawrence American, May 14, 21, 28, June 4, 11, 18, 25, July 2, 9, 16, 23, 30, Aug. 6, 13, 20. Leggat’s Monthly Gazette, Mch. 15. Lynn Reporter, May 12, 15, 19, 22, 26, 29, June 5, 9, 12, 16, 19, 23, 26, 30, July 3, 7, 10, 14, 17, 21, 24, 28, 31, Aug. 4, 7, 11, 14, 18, 21, 25. Medical and Surgical Reporter, May 1, 8, 15, 22, 29, June 12, 19, 26, July 3, 10, 17, 24, 31, Aug. 7, 14, 21. Monthly Record, Aug. Nation, May 20, 27, June 3, 10, 17, 24, July 8, 15, 22, 29, Aug. 19. Naturalist’s Note Book, Aug. Peabody Press. May 12, 19, 26, June 2, 9, 16, 23, 30, July 7, 14, 21, 28, Aug. 4, 11, 18, 25. Sailors Magazine and Seamen’s Friend, June, Aug. Silliman’s Journal, July. Trubner’s American and. Oriental Literary Record, May, June. Royal Society, London. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, vol. xvi. Nos. 101, 102, 103, 104, vol. xvii. Nos. 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, 8vo. SociETE DES Sciences Naturelles du Grand-Duche de Luxembourg. Annals, 1867-8, 8vo pamph., 1869. SociETE DES Sciences Naturelles de Neuchatel. Bulletin de la Societe des Sciences Naturelles de Neuchatel, Tome VHI, 8vo pamph., 1868. Societe Linneenne, de Bordeaux. Acts de la Societe Linneenne, de Bor- deaux, Tome, xxvi, 8vo, Paris, Bordeaux, 1868. Societe Vaudoise des Sciences Naturelles. Bulletin de la Societe Vau- doise des Sciences Naturelles, vol. x. No. 60, Decembre, 1868, 8vo pamph., Lau- sanne. Verein Zur Befoderung, etc., Berlin. Wochenschrift des Verein zur Befbrd- erung des Gartenbaues in den Konigl. Preuss. Staaten fur Gartnerer und Pflan- zenkunde. Redigirt von dem General-Sekretair des Vereins, Prof. Dr. Karl Koch, Jahrg. xi, 4to, Berlin, 1868. Vereins fur Naturkunde, Mannheim. Vierunddreissigster Jahresberichte des Mannheimer Vereins f Ur Naturkunde. Erstattet in der General Versammlung von Apr. 4, 1868, 8vo, Mannheim, 1868. Yale College. Obituary Record of Graduates deceased during the Academi- cal year ending July, 1869, 8vo, pamph. Some Statements by the Executive Com- mittee of the Society of the Alumni, 8vo pamph. BULLETIN OF THE Zl^STITTJTE. VoL. 1. Salem, Mass., September, 1869. No. 9. One Dollar a Year in Advance. NOTICE OF THE TEMPERANCE ORGANI- ZATIONS IN SALEM. BY DAVID R. PEABODY. In the accompanying paper it is the intention of the writer to give a brief history of the several temperance organizations which have appeared in this city, commenc- ing with the Washingtonian movement. On the 5th of April, 1840, six persons inaugurated, in the city of Baltimore, the Washington Temperance Soci- ety. These men were from among those who were daily in the habitual use of intoxicating liquors to excess. To whatever may be attributed the motive which induced them to break loose from the fetters of intemperance which so long had bound them, certain it is they were the progenitors of one of the greatest moral movements of the age ; and the enthusiasm with which this was greeted, in a short time extended to nearly every city, town and village in the land. The Washington Total Abstinence Society of this city was organized on the 9th of June, 1841, in a small hall on the lower floor, in Mechanic Hall building. Subse- Essex Inst. Bulletin. 15 114 queiitly it moved to u hall in Washington street, known as Washington Hall. While here, the hall was kept open daily for the use of its members ; weekly evening meetings were held and hundreds came forward and signed the pledge. It continued in a vigorous existence for three or four years, when the interest began to abate, and in 1847 it may be said to have died out. In connection with this organization was the Martha Washington Society, which held its meetings Wednesday afternoons of each week, in the hall of the W. T. A. Society ; but this organization did not exist so long as the other society. In the latter part of the year 1843, there was organized a society known as the Young Men’s Temperance Society. This was upon the same general principles as the Wash- ingtonian Society. Their meetings were held in the lower hall, in Mechanic Hall building, but subsequently they removed to rooms in the Bowker building. This society continued about one or two years. Growing out of the Washingtonian movement, from a desire for some more permanent organization, were brought into existence those organizations known as secret temperance societies. The Order of the Sons of Temperance was organized in the city of New York, Sept. 16th, 1842. On the 23d of February, 1844, Henheld Division, No. 2, of this city, was instituted ; and it is the only institution of so long standing, which has withstood the vicissitudes of the day. As a temperance organization, it always has been an ener- getic, working association. Salem Division was an off- shoot from Henfield, and was organized in 1846, and con- tinued about two years. Young Men’s Division was organized in 1859. This division surrendered its charter in 1865. 115 Phillips Division was organized Feb. 15th, 1859, and Abraham Lincoln Division Feb. 3d, 1866 ; they are both now in existence. These two divisions admit ladies as members. Connected with the Sons of Temperance, it would, perhaps, be proper to notice the Daughters of Temper- ance, although these organizations have not been in exist- ence for several years, owing to the admission of ladies into other temperance organizations ; yet in their day they were a useful auxiliary in the temperance cause. The Independent Division, and the Zephyr Union Daugh- ters of Temperance, were early organized, and contained during their existence, many true and faithful workers in the cause of temperance ; some of whom have transferred their labors to other organizations, where they assist to give them life and energy. In 1859 an organization was formed called the Social Council. This organization was intended to unite more fully the elforts of the Sons and Daughters of Temper- ance in a united organization, requiring membership in them to secure membership in this. Subsequently it be- came independent, and admitted members without these restrictions. After an existence of about two years it was disbanded. ’ In 1855 members of the Sons of Temperance in New York being desirous to cement stronger the bonds of friendship, organized the Temple of Honor. This was intended to be connected with the Sons of Temperance, requiring membership in that order to secure member- ship in this ; but after several years of unsuccessfid attempt to have it an acknowledged branch of the Sons of Temperance it came out an independent order. This organization is different from all others, inasmuch as it may really be called a secret organization, as it has de- 116 grees, grips, signs, etc. It is not intended as a reforma- tory organization but to cement in a bond of brpther- hood those who desire to pledge themselves to a life of temperance. Under this organization, Essex Temple was instituted April 6, 1856. It retained its organization for six or seven years, and then surrendered its charter. Subsequently, after a year or two, it recalled it, but again in a few months surrendered it. No organization of this kind again existed until Nov. 23, 1866, when Meteoric Temple of Honor was instituted. This organization is now in existence. In 1848, members of the Henfield Division desiring to do something for the rising generation, an organization was formed known as the Cadets of Temperance. This association admitted youths between the ages of twelve and eighteen, and in addition to the temperance pledge there w^as an anti-tobacco pledge. Quite a large num- ber of youths were connected with this organization, which remained in existence about three years. At the time of the organization of the Sons of Temper- ance there was another order, which, during its exist- ence, held a prominent position as a temperance organiza- tion, known as the Independent Order of Kechabites. This order was established in this city, in the year 1844, by instituting Naumkeag Tent. This tent grew so rap- idly it was found advisable, in a short time, to open a second tent, which was called Ocean Tent. There was also a tent of the Daughters of Eechab, which worked as an auxiliary to the brothers. This organization was very vigorous in its growth, and did a great amount of good while in existence. After a few years it lost its influence, and finally died in five or six years. The advent in this country of that apostle of temper- ance, Father Matthew, brought into the temperance ref- 117 ormation a class of persons whom no other means had reached. By the efforts of Henfield Division he was introduced into this city in the year 1848. Among the results of his mission here was the organization of the Father Matthew Temperance Society. This society held weekly meetings, on alternate months, in the chapels of the St. Mary’s and St. James churches, and embraced at times a very large number of members. It continued in existence until about 1863 when it was disbanded. In 1851 there was an organization called the Temper- ance Watchmen. The object more particularly of this association was the enforcement of the prohibitory law. Some of the members were prominent in the attempt in this city, to the early enforcement of the law. After a year or two of existence it disbanded. On the 19th of Oct., 1857, was organized the Young Men’s Catholic Temperance Society. This association exercises a salutary influence among its many friends. They have a large library, and their rooms are open even- ings for the benefit of its members. Peter Sinclair, a native of Scotland, came to this coun- try on a temperance mission, more particularly among children ; among whom he organized societies called Bands of Hope. Under the auspices of Henfield Divis- ion he lectured in Mechanic Hall on the afternoon of the 23d of February, 1858, to a crowded hall of children. The result of this lecture was the organization of Bands of Hope in every Sabbath School in the city. This, like many other organizations, after a lapse of two or three years was dissolved. In the western states the temperance men wishing an organization which would unite more fully the influence of men and women in the temperance cause, and believ- ing that an organization where all could be admitted on equal terms would meet with beneficial result, organized 118 ou this basis the Order of Good Templars. On Febru- ary 5th, 1862, Minnehaha Lodge was instituted; and on the 23d of March, 1866, Siloarn Lodge was instituted in this city. This is a separate organization from all others, but there are members who are connected not only with this but also with the Sons of Temperance and Temple of Honor. In January, 1867, an organization was instituted in this city called the Young Men’s Temperance Volunteers, which name was subsequently changed to the Band of Hope. The primary object of this organization is "the temperance education of the children and youth of this country.” This organization is under the charge of a board of directors. Each of the organizations of Sons of Temperance, Good Templars, and Temple of Honor appointing three, and they also contribute something to- wards its maintenance. Its meetings are held weekly, and are made quite entertaining and instructive. At the present time (February 1st) there are in opera- tion in this city the following temperance organizations : SONS or TEMPERANCE. Ilenheld Division, numbering 240 members. Phillips Division, numbering 120 members. Abraham Lincoln Division, numbering 76 members. GOOD TEMPLARS. Minnehaha Lodge, numbering 146 members. Siloarn Lodge, numbering 97 members. TEMPLE or HONOR. Meteoric Temple, numbering 60 members. Young Men’s Catholic Temperance Society, numbering 150 members. Band of Hope, numbering 150 members. 119 The whole amount of benefit which has been derived, during the past twenty-seven years, by the existence of these several temperance organizations it is difiScult to determine. Certain it is that there are many who have been reformed, which, had it not been for these or some similar organization, instead of reforming and leading a life of temperance, would have filled a drunkard’s grave. Some have adhered to the pledge for a longer or shorter period of time, and then fallen. Yet for these, the time they were connected with these organizations, was so much of a life of happiness not to themselves alone but to all with whom they were connected, that it will always remain like the oasis in the desert, bright spots in their desert life. FIRE CLUBS. Associations bearing this name have existed in Salem since 1744. Many important advantages result there-* from, affording relief and security to the persons and property of each other, when in danger by fire and promo- ting harmony and good fellowship among the members. The organizations of all were similar, each member was required to have two substantial leather buckets, usually twelve inches in length and eight in diameter, painted with the device and name of the club. In one of the buckets was kept a bag made of Raven’s duck, four feet long, two feet three inches broad, marked with the owner’s name ; also a bed key. Most of the clubs had ladders — some two — each thirty-four feet long, kept in different places for their use ; some had four. The meet- ings were held quarterly, one of which was the annual, for the choice of officers, etc. Members were required to repair to the house of any of their associates who may 120 have any property in danger from fire, and assist in the preservation of the same, and take their buckets with them, to be used in passing water from the cistern to the engines. The introduction of hose, improvements in the structure of fire engines, and more latterly an abundant supply of water by means of hydrants, etc., have super- seded many of the old modes then in use, and greatly remodelled the system of management at fires. The number of members were limited, some having only twenty-five, some sixty, and others between the above named numbers. The following facts have been obtained respecting the organization of the following clubs. Many of these have been disbanded ; some were of short duration, whilst others continued for many years. The number of mem' bers were changed in some, and modifications in the By- laws to conform with the attending circumstances. Xames. Date of Organization. Number of Members. Old Fire Club, Mcb. -, 1744, . . . ... 25 Union Fire Club, .... Sept. 13, 1770, . . . ... 30 Social Fire Club, .... Oct. 21, 1774, . . . ... 35 Number Five Fire Club, . . Dec. 8, 1783, . . . ... 35 Social Fire Club, .... Nov. 10, 1793, . . . ... 35 Amity Fire Club, .... Relief Fire Club, .... June 1796. . . 24, 1803, . . . ... 35 Washington Fire Club, . . Oct. 10, 1803. . . Adroit Fire Club, .... Feb. 19, 1806. . . Active Fire Club, .... Feb. 20, 1806, . . . ... 60 Hamilton Fire Club, . . . Dec. — , 1809, . . . ... 40 Enterprise Fire Club, . . . Dec. 3, 1810. . . Union and Amity Fire Club, Mch. 12, 1812, . . . ... 36 Volant Fire Club, .... Jan. — , 1816, . . . ... 40 Adroit Fire Club, .... June — , 1831. . . Naumkeag Fire Club, . . . Aug. — , 1832, . . . ... 60 Boston Street Fire Club. Sons of Temperance Fire Club. . Alert Social Fire Club. . . Social Fire Club 121 Field Meeting at Lynn, Thursday, Sept. 23, 18G9. The last Field Meeting for the season was attended at Lynn by a pleasant though not very large company of ladies and gentlemen from the neighbor- ing towns, who at about 10, a. m., arrived from various points and rendezvoused at the Boston street Methodist Church. Some uncer- tainties of weather had kept back a portion of those who intended to be present, but the day, as it proved, was wholly clear and unex- ceptionable ; in fact, one of the pleasantest of the season. Soon after arrival the company were distributed into excursion parties and set off in diverse directions. A full list of noteworthy localities had been prepared and circulated, by the aid of which some turned their attention to the old shell-beds located in Eocks Pasture ; others struck out for Breed’s Pond and similarly attractive waters ; while others gratified themselves by a stroll on the nearer hills, or a walk through the fine gardens of some of the citizens of the vicinity. But the greater part of the company, availing them- selves of the carriages in waiting, took passage for Dungeon Eock, and spent some hours among the rustic beauties of that sylvan local- ity. The Marbles, father and son, have been blasting the rock since 1852, and have succeeded in making a circuitous cave downwards, about one hundred and fifty feet in length and from eight to ten feet in width and height, “ under direction of the spirits.” The new City Hall was also visited. This is one of the finest, if not the finest, in the State, outside of Boston, for municipal pur- poses ; the arrangements for the accommodation of the different boards and the several officers are admirable. Convenient and suita- ble rooms are also provided for the Public Library, which, under the management of the present accomplished librarian, Mr. Jacob Batch- elder, is in a good condition, and the numerous and valuable addi- tions will ere long place it among the first-class libraries. This building is conveniently located on Park square, at the junc- tion of North Common, Market and Essex streets. It is built in the Italian Eenaissant style, which, from the great variety of outline that it admits of, and the multiplicity of parts required, is one admirably suited to the wants and uses of a great public building. The ex- terior walls are of pressed brick, with the basement, entablatures, and other architectural details, of Connecticut brown freestone. The corner stone was laid November 28, 1865, and the dedication took place November 30, 1867, with appropriate ceremonies. • The Western Burying Ground, opposite the Lynn Hotel, and the old records in the City Hall, afforded much material for the student in local history. This part of Lynn was early settled. The place of meeting is on the old Boston road (now called Boston street), over which our fath- Eslex Inst. Bulletin. 16 122 ers travelled many years before the present more convenient avenues to the metropolis were opened. Several of the houses observed this day were built during the seventeenth and the first half of the eighteenth centuries, with the old oaken frames common at that period. They appear strong and substantial, and without doubt will outlast many of those of a more recent construction. These old buildings are always pleasant to behold, the reminders of those early days when our fathers first settled this territory and laid the foun- dation upon which has been reared the present structure of society with the various institutions and surroundings. Between one and two, p. m., the excursionists having returned to headquarters, found an agreeable repast prepared by the ladies in one of the rooms in the basement of the church, which was enjoyed by all with much satisfaction. At half-past two, p. m., the formal meeting was called to order in the vestry, the President in the chair. In the absence of the Secretary, Mr. F. W. Putnam was requested to act as Secretary for the day. The records of the preceding meeting were read and the corres- pondence and donations announced. Among the letters was one from Miss Sarah K. Hayes of Haver- hill, accompanying a large and valuable collection of shells, princi- pally fiuviatile species from the western states, bequeathed by the late John Bartlett of Haverhill, who made the collection while a resi- dent in Columbus, Ohio, for many years. Mr. A. C. Goodell jr., of Salem, was called upon, and devoted his remarks principally to the story which attaches to Dungeon Eock, expressing grave doubts whether any pirate’s cave ever existed there, and whether such a man as Thomas Veal ever lived. There were no records extant, no evidence to confirm the tradition which attaches to that locality. He had no faith in the stories of buried treasure there or elsewhere. As to the “ ancient weapons ” found in the rock, there was undoubted evidence that they were of modern origin, and placed there by practical jokers. In reply to a question asked by Mr. S. C. Bancroft of Peabody, he said that his own examinations had con- vinced him that Mr. Marble was blasting into solid rock, and there was nothing to lead to the conclusion that a cave had ever existed there. Formerly there was a slight opening, and the rock had evi- doiitly fallen down somewhat, but a cave sufficient for the conceal- ment of any number of men, was almost an impossibility. He drew from these facts a lesson showing the importance of basing all sci- entific investigation upon facts. These should first be secured, and the rest is easy. There is no other way to avoid error and difficulty. Mr, S. D. Poole of Lynn, gave an interesting account of Dungeon 123 Rock as he remembered it many years ago. There was once quite an excavation into the rock, so that a man could crawl in nearly out of sight. On the 4th of July, 1834, a party of men from Saugus, he believed, placed twenty-five pounds of powder in this excavation, stopped up its mouth, set a train and fired the powder. The explo- sion materially changed the appearance of the rock, and opened a fissure four feet wide, which was only one foot before. A bushel of snakes, it was said, was blown out at the time, and the scene was quite exciting. The Hutchinsons once made an attempt to dig for treasure there, but soon desisted. The later operations have not been altogether a delusion, as the prosecutor has made a good liv- ing out of it. Mr. Jacob Batchelder of Lynn, told of an excitement created many years ago, by some parties from Lynnfield who M^ent to Dun- geon Rock to search for treasure. It was reported that a chest had been found there which contained thirty thousand dollars in coin. One lady said she had seen another lady who heard that another lady had seen the chest, which was all covered with rust, in the wagon. But it turned out that she had only seen a wagon that looked as though it had a rusty box in it. One young man, howeA^er, reported that he had got the money, and on the strength of it he cut quite a dash for a time, with a horse and carriage and other extravagan- ces. When, however, he failed to pay his bills, his credit suffered and the humbug Avas exposed. Mr. B. said he had no great faith in the stories about Dungeon Rock, but he should regret to lose the romance that lingers around that and kindred localities on that ac- count. Perhaps these old legends should not be dissipated too rudely, for much that Ave call history rests on no better basis. Mr. F. W. Putnam of Salem, made some interesting statements re- lating to the exploration of the shellheaps at Eagle Island in Ipswich and on Plum Island. He further recounted the works of the party Avho had been digging in Rocks Pasture. In this someAAdiat extensive bed of shells and mould, covering an area of one-fourth of an acre, a few inches in thickness, just beneath the sod, they had found to-day the shells of the quahaug, common clam, great clam, cockle and scal- lop ; also bits of charcoal and burnt stone. Two stone arroAvheads had turned up, Avith an implement of sharpened bone, like a bodkin. Some fragments of pottery Avere found, also many bones, mostly those of the red deer, but some perhaps of the moose, and others of birds. A tooth of a small cetacean Avas found. Mr. P. further dis- cussed the discoveries made in these explorations, in their bearing on the age of prehistoric man. Dr. J. M. Nye of Lynn, expressed his satisfaction at the course of this and other meetings of the kind. He thought their infiuence on 124 the young, particularly in exciting the power of observation and in encouraging the practice of drawing, must be of great benefit in the community. Mr. Jacob Batchelder of Lynn, in response to an enquiry, gave the following brief history of the old Lynn Academy : The Old Lynn Academy, an institution associated with so many agreeable reminiscences of our citizens well advanced in years, had its origin in the desire of several public spirited individuals, to fur- nish a course of instruction in the branches not taught in the com- mon schools. They made the estimates of the amount required to carry out their design, formed a stock company, purchased a lot of land on the street south of the common, erected and furnished a building with a tower and bell, after the usual pattern of the New England Academy, fixed the price of tuition with a small sum added for rent, and offered the premises to a teacher willing to test the experiment. The school was opened in 1806, under the superintendence of Mr. William Ballard, who entered on his labors with enthusiasm, which, in six months was so much abated, that he yielded his office to Mr. Erancis Moore, who was, however, scarcely more successful; for at the end of one year he met and welcomed to his vacant chair, “the coming man,” in the person of Mr. Hosea Hildreth, afterwards the pastor of a parish in Gloucester. Determined to sustain his bark amid the eddies and currents of an ebbing tide, Mr. Hildreth had recourse to a political life preserver; and on the 4th of July, 1806, delivered an oration to the Federalists in the first Congregational meeting house, followed by a dinner in the hall of the Academy; while the Democrats engaged in similar recreation at the hotel. This expedient was so far successful as to carry him safely through the year. • His successor, Mr, Abiel Chandler, restored the six months’ regim6 and was relieved by Mr. Abner Loring, who next year gave way to Mr. Samuel Newell, whose feeble health constrained him, at the close of the year 1808, to relinquish a profitless and exacting pursuit; ^ decision doubtless promotive of his own usefulness and fame, for he subsequently engaged with ardor in the cause of foreign missions, and, with his wife, tfie celebrated Harriet Newell, has left a glorious record of faithful devotion to his chosen work, This rotation of teachers cqntinued, often with many months' vaca- tion, until the year 1835, when he who now addresses you succeeded one who had just finished the normal term of six months — and, with varying fortunes, witnessed the rising and the falling tides till the year 1849, when the establishment of the public high school closed the scene of struggle and toil and varying fortunes of the Lynn Academy. 125 The land on which the building stood has become a part of the garden of David Taylor, Esq. ; the apparatus and library have been sold or distributed; the building has been removed to Main street, opposite the Lynn Hotel; the pine desks, somewhat elaborately carved, were used by the carpenter for purposes, in which planing was dispensed with ; the chairs, with understandings impaired by hard study, were sold or stored; the eagle which surmounted the little tower is in possession of Trevett M. Rhodes, Esq., and the bell is re- served as an heirloom of the graduates of the institution. Notwithstanding the disadvantages of its mode of organization, many excellent scholars were in that school prepared for college and for the higher pursuits in life, and all who have been in any manner identified with its interests, regret the necessity of its extinction. The Chair, in speaking of his visit to a garden in this place alluded to the great change in horticultural tastes within a few years past. Plants and fiowers that were great favorites thirty years ago, are now hard to find. He mentioned that a few weeks since he wished to ob- tain a specimen of the curled leaved mallows, Malva crinita, which was once common in the gardens, but his research was fruitless after having made extensive enquiries of the gardeners and those who are interested in these subjects. C. M. Tracy of Lynn, being called upon, said that some remarks just made by the chair had struck him as highly appropriate to the occasion. The chair had spoken of the disappearance of the old and favorite flowers from the gardens, and this was matter of remark to all gardeners and of regret to most. It was highly doubtful whether many, of the flowers now fashionable and sold for high prices, ought really to take higher rank for beauty than the older sorts they have displaced. The old white rose, sometimes called the New England rose, has never found a successful rival, and is still sought after by discriminating florists, though now comparatively rare. Who does not remember the gorgeous poppies that used to adorn the gardens with their short-lived splendors? We have not replaced them with anything better. Then there were morning-glories, the only climber we had almost, the best, surely, and so good that it cannot be wholly given up, though not half as well attended to as it deserves. The ragged-ladies, and bachelor’s-buttons, and honesties, used to make a beauty and variety in the front yards of the country that we see nothing of to-day, whatever be the effort to make good the loss with verbenas, petunias, and costly pinks. The hollyhocks were once the monarchs of the flower-bed, and ruled most royally. They are still grown, it is true, but grown for prizes at shows, and we do not see them making glad the surroundings of home as we once did. If we read in the old books on this subject, as in Gerard’s and the like, we 126 shall find unstinted praise of the amaranth or prince’s feather Avith its lovely variegated leaves. Now this old favorite is of the easiest growth, and from one or two specimens he had happened to see — rather poor ones — he would put it against any of the foliage-plants of the present time for beauty, whatever they might be. Thirty or thirty-five years ago the dahlia came in and supplanted many better flowers, but now it has met a just requital, and few wall grow a plant that has so many practical difficulties about its culture. Mr. Tracy added some observations on the foliage of the autumnal forests in New England, so striking to the eyes of tourists and so much a riddle to the man of science. No other country is said to exhibit it; and it has been attributed to the action of early frosts, though this is probably an error. A better explanation is that our peculiar climate induces a kind of ripening in the leaves, akin to what usually appears on the surface of fruits, producing a like dis- play of colors. In giving glory to our woods it cannot be compared to anything else ; but it is but a fleeting splendor beyond preser- vation, even in specimens well selected and treated with the utmost care. Mr. Tracy added some remarks upon the local antiquities of the immediate vicinit}^ ; referred to the dwelling house occupied by Mr. Joseph Moulton, which, he said, was erected in 16G6. Also to the construction of the canal which conveys the waters of Strawberry Brook to the mills of Messrs. Berry & Son, and which w^as probably one of the first canals constructed in this country. Mr. F. W. Putnam gave an account of a recent observation of much interest, made by Miss Grace Anna Lewis of Kimberton, Ches- ter County, Penn., upon the fluids contained in the bulbs of feathers of living birds, and read the following extracts from letters received from Miss Lewis : — “ A few days since, while examining the feather capsule of a young dove, just fresh from the bird, I was both surprised and delighted to find my glass slide covered with the most exquisitely delicate and beautiful crystals, of at least from thirty to forty different variations. I have long believed that the animal kingdom repeats the primary forms of both the mineral and vegetable, viz : the crystal and the cell, but I do not know' that this phenomenon can be considered in the light of proof, since I do not know whether they were poured and ready formed from the ruptured capsule, or whether from some un- known cause, the crystallization took place under my hand. I tried sugar, salt, the white of egg, milk, potato water, and finally I pro- cured another capsule from the living bird. Only in the latter, did I find a repetition of the crystals. Did anybody ever see such crystals as these in the fluid of a feather capsule before ?”******* “In examining the adult plumage of our common barn-door fowl, and the domestic turkey, I wished to free the cells from their enveloping membranous covering, and for this purpose rubbed very fine cuttings 127 of bulbs in water, and placed them under the microscope. I had an excellent view of the cells floating freely in the water, but becoming wearied of looking, I left the microscope for a few minutes. On my return the glass was covered with crystals, larger, less varied and less beautiful than those I found in the fluid from the feather capsule of the nestling dove. Some which appeared on the glass on the after- noon of the 30th of August, from the feather of a turkey, are still well defined, though the majority of them *have lost their outline. They remained in their full beauty over twenty-four hours, and now I think I can obtain photographs of them. I have copied a few from the many and enclose them to you. I am now well convinced that they are due to the eflect of crystallization under the microscope, and that they are formed of the floating cells, arranged in such a wonder- ful variety of figures, but nearly all resolvable to a definite number of lines.” * ******************* Mr. S. C. Bancroft offered the following resolution, which was unanimously adopted : Besolved, That the thanks of the Institute be presented to the trus- tees of the Fifth Methodist Church, for the free use of their vestry ; and also to the following named persons, for various services per- formed and favors granted to promote the pleasure and interest of this occasion, viz: — William N. Mansfield, James M. Tarbox, E. W. Lothrop, Nelson A. Newhall, J. B. Ireson, Charles Osgood, jr., James M. Nye, and Misses Ireson, Haven, Kimball, Lindsey and other ladies. The Institute then adjourned, and the company separated, express- ing general satisfaction in the day’s proceedings. It was gratifying to observe among the audience several of the veteran citizens of Lynn, of whom may be specified Messrs. Joseph Moulton, Richard Tufts and Benj. Mudge, who plainly showed their relish of the enquiring spirit that ruled the day. LETTERS ANNOUNCED. Baird, S. F., Eastpoi’t, Me., Sept. 12; Baker, C. Alice, Cambridge, Mass., Sept. 20; Bochsnan, Prof., Bremen, Sept. 1; Challen, Howard, Philadelphia, Penn., Aug. 24; Chapman, James R., Beverly, Mass., Aug. 26; Chipman, R. Manning, East Granby, Conn., Sept. 15; Doggett, Kate N., Chicago, 111., Aug.; Fellowes, R. S., KeAv Haven, Conn., Aug. 23; Flagg, M. H., Hallowell, Me., Sept. 7; Hays, Sarah V., Haverhill, Mass., Sept. 3 ; Huntington, D. B., Aug. 10 ; Johnson, Lucy P., Salem, Mass., Aug.; Joslin, Ellen L., Leominster, Aug. 1; L’Academie Royale des Sci- ences, Lisbonne, Mch. 27; Lockyer, J. Morman, London, Eng., Aug. 12; Mudge, Z. A., Marblehead, Mass., Aug. 11; Naturforscher Verein, Riga, May 17; Natur- historicher Verein, Bonn, Apr. 15; Societe Imperiale des Naturalistes, Mascon, Apr. 2; Tracy, C. M., Lynn, Mass., Sept. 11, 16, 18; Verrill, A. E., Norway, Sept. 4, 14; Whipple, John A., Boston, Mass., Sept. 4; Zaba, N. F., Boston, Mass., Aug. 24. 128 ADDITIONS TO THE MUSEUMS OF THE INSTITUTE AND THE PEABODY ACADEMY OF SCIENCE. {May to September.) Miss Annie Agge, Salem. Peacock Moth from Salem. I. Watson Andrew, Sfflem. Specimen of Monohamus tittillater taken in Salem. John L. Andrews, Melrose. A small slab containing fossils from West Moun- tains, Scoharie, N. Y., and a specimen of Arragonite, from Howe’s Cave. Miss Caroline E. Bemis, Chicopee. Reptiles, Insects, Crustaceans, Radiates and Mollusks — alcoholic and dry — and part of an Indian skeleton and skin of a Florida Jay, from St. Augustine, Florida. • Jacob and Bernhard Conrad. A young Civet Cat, and a Parrot from India. E. Bicknell. Ascaris sp., from a Pig. W. W. Butterfield, Indianapolis, Ind. Ferns from that vicinity. J. Elliot Cabot, West Beach. A specimen of Petromyzon sp, taken clinging to a Mackerel. J. P. Chandler. A curious growth of Fungus from Colebrook, N. H. Wesley Clark, Panama. Crustacean from Pearl Island, Bay of Panama, taken in 15 fathoms. W. H. Hall, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D. C. One Gobioid, from ?; four specimens, three species Coral from Japan; one specimen of Sertularian from Isanatsky Pass, Alaska. One specimen of Nullipora from Japan. Mrs. B. DE Gersdoff. Mosses and Lichens from Savoy, Switzerland. John W. Draper, Dorchester, Mass. Fossils from Mammoth Vein Coal Mine, Penn. Ml’S. Ida Eisenstuck, Chinandega, Nic. A necklace made by stringing the flowers of the Samara. Thomas Farnsworth, Salem. Insects from Salem. Mr. Fish, Cape Cod. Tree Toad from Cape Cod. Aaron Goldsmith, Salem. Five kittens, born June, 1869, said to be the pro- duct of a dog and cat. James L. Green, Six Gulls eggs from Brown Cow, near Jewell’s Island, Casco Bay. Messrs. E. & J. Griffen, Salem. A Gray Parrot from West Coast of Africa; a short club from the Fejee Islands. James Grover, Salem. Dragon fly, ^chna sp., from Salem. Archibald Haley. Portions of an Indian skeleton, from South Salem. C. H, Higbee, Salem. Living specimens of Echinosterum Pensylvanicum and Nanemys guttata, from New Jersey. Charles Howard. Reptiles, Insects and Spiders, from near Fort Richardson, Texas. James IHmball. Two specimens of Mactra solidissima; one specimen of Solen ensis and several specimens of Mytilus edulis, from Coney Island, New York. Nathaniel Kinsman, Salem. A Seal shot at Plum Island, July 25, 1869. Mrs. Lefavour, Beverly. A Brazilian Copper Coin. L. T. Lee, U. S. Steamer Bibb. Two barrels of Coral, from Florida. Philip McDonald, Salem. A Portuguese Copper Coin of the value of twenty vintines. [To he continued.'] BULLETIN OF THE E3SSEJX I2:TSTZTTJTE]. VoL. 1. Salem, Mass., Oct., Nov., 1869. Nos. 10, 11. One Dollar a Year in Advance. FIRST HOUSES IN SALEM. BY \V. P. UPHAM. {Continued from vcuje 81.] Cotta’s lot (see p. 56) bounclecl southerly on Broad street, extending from a point two hundred feet west of Pickering street, westerly two hundred and seventy feet to what was then the homestead of lYm. Flint, and so through to Essex street, where it extended from the eastern side of the estate now owned by Jos. S. Cabot, Esq., westerly to the homestead of Rev. Dr. Emerson. As already stated there were two houses on this lot in the very early years of the settlement, but they had dis- appeared in 1677. The first Quaker meeting house was built on the north-west corner of it by Thomas Maule in 1688. When the second meeting house was built on the north side of Essex street, in 1718, the old house was turned into a dwelling house, and in 1788, was sold to Robert Wallis. It stood on a small piece of land next east of Dr. Emerson’s house. The next house built on Cotta’s lot was by Richard Oakes in 1711, where the house next but one east of Dr. Emerson’s now stands. Essex Inst. Bulletin. 17 130 The old house, now standing between that and the house of Mr. Cabot, was built by Jeffry Lang in 1740 (Essex Inst. Hist. Coll. Vol. 6, p. 257). The Cabot house was built about the year 1744, the land having been sold that year to Francis and Joseph Cabot. Between Cotta’s lot and Flint street, and north of Wm. Flint’s homestead (see p. 56), was a lot of about four acres on which John Beeves lived before 1661. One- half acre of this on the east side, with a dwelling house on it, was given by John Beeves to his daughter Eliza- l)eth and her son John Bichards. Elizabeth, daughter of' John Bichards and wife of Thomas Hooper, of Medfield, sold the same to John Dynn, in 1708. In 1713 it came into possession of his mother Elizabeth Derby,* widow of Boger Derby, and after her death in 1740, Avas owned by her son-in-law, Joshua Hicks, and was conveyed to James Ford, schoolmaster, in 1764, and to Bev. Daniel Hop- kins, father-in-law of Dr. Emerson, in 1788. James Ford built the house uoav occupied by Dr. Emerson. The house of John Beeves Avas on the corner of Essex and Flint streets, and Avas left by him to his daughter Mary, Avife of Ephraim Kempton. West of Flint street, and north of the land of Bichard Adams (see p. 55), Avas a lot of seven acres extending Avest to "Brick-kiln lane,” noAv the Turnpike. It Avas ' oAvned l)y Wm. Flint in 1659, and appears to have been originally tAvo house lots, the Avestern one owned and oc- cupied by Henry Kenny, and the eastern one by Thomas Gouldthwait. Their. houses had disappeared in 1672. BetAAxen "Brick-kiln lane” and Norman’s Bocks, Avas the "Brick-kiln held,” Avhich, in the deed to Wm. Flint in 1656, is described as extending north "to the land of *AVm. Dynn married Elizabeth Haskett, June 6, 1(584, and had two sons, John and AA^illiam. His widow became the second wife of Koger Derby. 131 John Alderman and Lawrence Southwick.” In 1694 the executors of the will of Lawrence Southwick conveyed about three acres of land on the northerly side of the Brick-kiln, to Wm. Pinson, whose wife Kebecca was niece and heiress of Thomas Robbins to whom the land had been sold long before, but the deed "did not appear on record.” This lot was bounded west by Norman’s Rocks and the common land, and extended north to the Town Bridge (see p. 54), and included the "pond” or salt marsh made by the flowing in of the creek under the bridge. In 1699 it came into the possession of John Beckford and his wife Rebecca, who was the only child of ATm. Pinson, and they divided it in 1757 between their sons John, George and Benjamin, Beckford. The Town Bridge was first built probably about 1640, the first mention of it on our records being an order, Oct. 11, 1640, that "Philip Verin, or any other, shall make the fence that leadeth to the bridge of [off] one side from the bridge to the highway that is by Richard Norman’s house, ^ and that the towne will pay him.” It was first built of timber, and in 1644 an agreement was made by the town with John Pickering to keep it in repair for six- teen years ; but in 1646 it was taken down and a cause- way built instead. Next east of the bridge and north-east of Boston street were two houses, owned in 1659 by Giles Corey, the resolute martyr of witchcraft times. The western one, which stood eight rods north-west from the north corner of Boston and Federal streets, was his own homestead ; the other, which stood four rods north-west from the north corner of Boston and Fowler streets, had been the home- stead of John Alderman, who had left it by will to Ezra and Nathaniel Clapp of Dorchester. They gave a deed This highway was probably Brick-kiln lane, see p. 55. 132 of it in 1663 to Griles Corey, who had been "several years in possession,” describing it as "one dwelling house and two acres of land,” "bounded with the land of Robert Buffuni, east, and the land of said Giles Corey, west, abutting upon the North River *north and the street south.” We find upon a careful examination of the deeds ot land in that vicinity that this two acre lot, which belonged originally to John Alderman, extended across Boston street, the eastern line of it beginning at a point on the North River about fifteen rods east of the Town Bridge, and running nearly south, crossing Boston street near the corner of Fowler street, so that a triangular piece of land was afterwards made by this line on the west, the Brick- kiln, or a continuation of Essex street on the south, and Boston street on the northeast. This triangular piece of land, which came to a sharp point near the present cor- ner of May street and Boston street, w^as owned very early by William Beans and his wife Sarah, who was a daughter of Robert Buffum, and, no doubt, ’it originally belonged to the homestead of Robert Buffum, being cut off from it when Boston street was laid out. That part of the Alderman homestead which was south of Boston street, about one acre, was sold by Giles Corey to Edward Flint in 1682, and was between the Southwick lot on the west and the triangular piece of land above described on the east, and extending south to the Brick-kiln field. In 1659 Giles Corey conveyed to John Norton that part of the Alderman homestead north of Boston street, together with his own house and land adjoining, describing the premises as "two dwelling houses in Salem, one of them being the now dwelling house of the said Giles Corey, and is the corner house next the bridge, and the other being the house wherein Mr. Alderman formerly dwelt. 133 and near adjoining nnto the said dwelling house of the said Giles Corey” with one acre and a half of land "altogether within fence near unto the hridsfe.” John Norton con- O veyed to Jeremiah Meacham, in 1670, the same, except the Alderman house, which with about twenty poles of land on which it stood, a little to the north-west of Fowler street, ajopears to have been previously sold to Robert Wilson. In 1680 Jeremiah Meacham conveyed to his daughter Bethia, wife of George Hacker, "fourteen poles of land (on which said George Hacker has lately built a small dwelling house), lying at the townes end near the bridge or causeway, without the fortification, and bounded on the North River with a highway north-west, by my land north-east and south-east and on the highway or street south-west.” In the division of Meacham’s estate in 1696 this was increased to half an acre, and in 1731, it came into the possession of Isaac Hacker, who in 1719 had bought a piece of laud next south-east with a house on it ; which latter house was perhaps the same now standing on the corner of Federal street, in wFich Jere- miah Hacker afterwards lived. The history of the Buftum estate which was next east is particularly interesting as it furnishes the only clue w^e have as to the time when Boston street was first laid out. The homestead of Robert Buftum, who died in 1669, con- sisted of about four acres next east of the Alderman lot, and extending from the North River to Essex street, and probably, as we have shown, including the triangular piece of land south of Boston street where his son-in-law, Wm. Beans lived. This homestead came into possession of his sons, Joshua and Caleb Buffum. On the Common- ers Record is entered for Caleb Buffum "two common rights for his house and for his father’s cottage right in the same place ;” also for Joshua Buftum "two rights for 134 his house, and for old Moulton’s, in the same place.” This, as we have already explained, shows that Kobert Butfuin had lived, before 1661, on the same site upon which his son Caleb afterwards lived, and also that "old Moulton,” that is Robert Moulton, lived, before 1661, where Joshua Buffum afterwards lived. Joshua lived in a house which was taken down in 1807, about five rods south-east of the corner of Fowler and Boston streets ; Caleb’s house was a few rods fai-ther east, and about eight rods west of Butfum’s Corner. This Robert Moulton was the same mentioned in the letter to Gov. Endicott from the Company in London, Apr. 17, 1629, "We have sent six shipwrights, of whom Robert Molton is chief.” He appears to have lived in Charlestown, in 1634 and 1635, but returned to Salem, and was one of the Selectmen, and also one of the three Deputies to the Gen. Court in 1637. He died at an ad- vanced age in 1655, and in his will left his fimn, which was where Brookdale* is now, to his grandson Robert Moulton. He also gave to "Goodwife Bufium 20s,” and "to Joshua Bufium 10s.” His inventory mentions "his farm 35£ — his houses and ground in the town 10£.” In what manner his house came into the possession of Robert Bulfum, and afterwards Joshua Bufium, we have not been able to ascertain. In another letter to Endicott, May 28, 1629, "our barke that is already built in the Country” is mentioned. This was the first vessel built in the Colony, and was perhaps built under the superintendence of Robert Moulton, at the head of the North River, where the above evidence shows that he lived. This would have been a very convenient place for the purpose, and in fact, was afterwards for many years used for shiiDbuilding. Its * The brook which runs through Brookdale was called “Moulton’s Brook,” in 1649. 135 proximity to the common lands, which were then no^ doubt covered with woods, may have led to the selection of this place for a shipyard, on account of the facility for bringing the timber to the water side. The following order of the town, Nov. 29, 1642, is the only evidence we can hnd of the first laying out of Bos- ton street : "Its ordered that the highway by the bridge shall be laid out through the lots of goodman Moulton, &c., not round about.” Next east of the Buffum estate was a house-lot of about an acre upon which Henry Reynolds lived in 1655 ; it was one hundred and seventy feet wide on Essex street, beginning at a point one hundred feet east of Buffum’s corner, and extending back two hundred and forty feet. Henry Reynolds sold it to John Pickering, jr., in 1689 ; Timothy Pickering sold the eastern half with the house to Henry Williams in 1739. The old house, which was taken down about twenty-five years ago, stood where the dwelling house of Thomas Nichols, jr., now stands, next west of Fowler street. Next east of the Reynolds lot was an acre of land which the heirs of Philip Yeren conveyed to Win. Lord in 1655, and he to his son in 1658, who in 1664 conveyed it to Edward Flint. Edward Flint, in 1679, conveyed the western quarter part of it to Ann, wife of Anthony Need- ham, who, in 1696, conveyed it to Caleb Bufiurn, and he, in 1718, gave it to the Society of Friends, they having, as the deed says, "-built and finished” on the front part of it "a House for the Public Worship of God, and the other halfe of the said ground the Donor hereby freely gives to the Society aforesaid for a burying place.” The Quaker meeting house stood on the front part of this lot for more than a century, and then was sold to Samuel Brown and removed to his land where the Lynnfield road crosses the old Ipswich road in Peabody. 136 North of the two lots last described was the homestead of William Bacon, about three acres, where he lived in 1640. He also owned an acre of land between the Veren lot, just described, and Dean street, on which Roger Morey had a house before 1644, and north of which was another acre of land which Elizabeth Spooner conveyed to Edward Flint in 1668, and which was probably the homestead of Robert, or John Pease in 1644. The house of William Bacon appears to have stood on the bank of the North River about two hundred feet west of Dean street. He left his house and one acre to his son Isaac, and the other three acres to his wife Rebecca. In her will, in 1655, she gave the house and acre adjoining, or the use of it, to her "brother Robert Buffum” and the three acres to "my cossen Ann Potter, and my cossen Richaixl Cherlcraft.” Ann Potter* married Anthony Needham, who, in 1679, conveyed the three acres to Ed- ward Flint. Robert Buffum also, it seems, conveyed to Edward Flint, in 1667, the acre on which Bacon’s house had stood, in exchange for another acre adjoining his own homestead. Thus Edward Flint became possessed finally of about five acres on the west side of Dean street, which he left, in 1711, to his son Benjamin, among Avhose heirs it was divided in 1734. Edward Flint’s house Avas on the Avestern corner of Essex and Dean streets. In 1721 Benjamin Flint Avas alloAved three "rights” for "Mory, Pease and Bacon’s cottage rights on his father’s home- stead.” [7b he continued-l appears by several depositions, recorded in the Registry of Deeds in KiO.'), book 10, fol. 186-9, that AVm. Bacon was living in Dublin in biSO, and came here soon after, and that liis wife Rebecca was a daughter of ‘‘Thomas Potter, Esq. who had been Alayor of the City of Coventry” in AVarwickshire, England, and that her brotlier, Humphrey Potter, who was the father of Ann Potter, afterwards the wife of Antliony Needham, was the only son of said Thomas, and “was slain in that great and general massacre that had been in Ireland;” and that thereupon Ann Potter’s aunt. Airs. Rebecca Bacon, sent to Ireland for her to come and live Ayilh her in Salem. 137 ORDER OF MEETINGS. Begular Meeting, Monday, October 5, 1869, The President in the chair. Daniel. Staniford, Kate Nourse, and Edward Maloon of Salem; Benjamin C. Raymond of Beverly; Stephen D. Pool of Lynn; J. F. Le Baron of Ipswich; C. Alice Baker and Susan M. Lane of Cam- bridge, were elected members. Begular Meeting, Monday, November 1, 1869. The first of the series of evening meetings. The President in the chair. Records of the preceding meeting were read. Correspondence and donations to the library and museum announced. In the absence of the Secretary, Mr. F. W. Putnam was requested to act. The President mentioned that one of the donations to the Histori- cal department was a Pew Door from the meeting house of the First Parish in Hiiigham, presented by Hon. Solomon Lincoln of that town. The First church in Hingham was formed in 1635, and is said to be the twelfth in Massachusetts proper. Rev. Peter Hobart of Hingham, England, was the first minister. The present building was erected during the ministry of the Rev. John Norton, and was opened for public worship, Jan. 8, 1681-2, Additions were made in 1730 and in 1755, without materially altering its external appearance. In 1755 pews were introduced — previously benches or forms were used. “This door,” writes Mr. Lincoln, “belonged to the pew which was owned by my grandfather, William Lincoln of Hingham, and his brother Enoch Lincoln, and which was owned and occupied by their descendants down to the time when the old pews were removed to enable the Parish to make the repairs which became necessary for the preservation of the ancient house. Enoch Lincoln was the father of Levi Lincoln, Att’y Gen’l of the U. S., and grandfather of Gov. Levi Lincoln of this State, and of Gov. Enoch Lincoln of Maine. All three men occupied the pew when they visited Hingham. It occurred to me that a relic of our old meeting house might ap- propriately be deposited under the frame of the first meeting house in Salem.” Mr. James Kimball made a few remarks on the church architecture of the olden times. The presentation of skulls of the Walrus and Polar Bear, by Capt. J. W. Perkins, called forth some appropriate remarks from Messrs. A. S. Packard and F. W. Putnam. Dr. Packard gave an account of the occurrence of the Walrus on the coast of Labrador, stating that during the 17th century, in the times of the early voyagers Cartier and Charlevoix, the walrus was abundant on the Magdalen Islands in the Gulf of St. Lawrence, and Essex Inst. Bulletin. 18 138 that Canadian and American fishermen had aided, a little over a cen- tury ago, in its extermination on those islands, where its bones and tusks still occur. According to tradition, it also inhabited some of the harbors of Cape Breton Island, one of these harbors beilig called Sea Cow Bay, and he was informed by a fisherman that its bones may now be found abundantly on an islet near Cape Sable, Nova Scotia, from fifteen to twenty feet above the sea. The walrus late in the Glacial Period, lived on the coast of Maine, as he had seen a por- tion of a tusk in the possession of a lady in Gardiner, Maine, near whose house Sir Charles Lyell discovered it in a clay bank, associated with the teeth of the bison. On the coast of Labrador the last walrus seen or heard of in the Gulf of St. Lawrence, was killed at St. Augustine, thirty years ago. Several were seen at Square Island, on the Atlantic coast of Labra- dor, from fifteen to twenty years ago, and he had seen the head of a young individual found floating dead in the drift ice off* Belle Isle, having probably fallen a victim to the harpoons of whalers in the Arc- tic Ocean, and floated down the great Polar current. Por a period of at least fifty years, probably, the walrus has not bred south of Hud- son’s Straits. Mr. F. W. Putnam exhibited the skulls of several species of bears, including a young polar, a large grisly, the common brown bear of Asia, and the black bear of America, and compared the skulls with that of the large polar bear presented by Capt. Perkins, pointing out the characteristics as exhibited by the series of skulls, and calling attention to the great confusion existing in regard to the species and the diversified opinions of naturalists regarding them. He also ex- hibited a molar tooth of a bear found in the shellheap at Goose Island, and stated that it was impossible to say with certainty to which species the tooth should be referred, though it was the last molar, a tooth that had been considered as the most characteristic of the vari- ous species. From its association it was probably that of a black bear, yet it more closely resembled the corresponding tooth in the skull of the Asiatic specimen on the table’ than any other, while the size of the tooth would indicate that it had belonged to a polar bear. Dr. Packard remarked that the white bear occurred more com- monly on the coast of Labrador than the walrus, and that remains of it might be looked for in the Indian shellheaps of New England, which it may have visited in early times, and as bones of it had been reported as having been found in the Quaternary strata of Ireland, its distribution on our north-eastern coast was of considerable inter- est. The Labrador settlers call it the “water bear,” and it not un- frequently appears on the coast, brought down on the drift ice from more northern latitudes. At Square Island, a locality situated be- 139 tween Belle Isle and Domino harbor, two cubs were captured and taken to St. John’s, Newfoundland. At Domino harbor a bear was shot in the spring of 1803, and the skin obtained by the well known artist, Mr. William Bradford, with whom the speaker sailed. An intelligent hunter told the speaker that the white, or “ water” bear was not unfrequently seen fifty miles south of Hopedale. One was killed there in the winter of 1863, and in the previous autumn their tracks were “abundant.” They were very shy and could not be seen in the day time. The last Polar bear seen on the Straits of Belle Isle, near the mouth of the Esquimaux River, was shot about twenty years ago. E. W. Putnam called attention to the collection of fishes and other specimens from China and Siam, presented by Capt. Hutchinson, and spoke of the singular shape of the fins of the goldfish, brought about by the continuation of domestic breeds. Quarterly Meeting, Wednesday, November 10, 1869. The Phesident in the chair. Records of the preceding meeting were read. A letter was read from Dr. A. H. Johnson, tendering his resignation of the office of Home and Recording Secretary, owing to prolonged absence from the country. Voted, That the Institute accepts, with much regret, the resigna- tion of Dr. Johnson, and tenders to him its sincere thanks for his faith- ful and acceptable services, and the hope that health and prosperity will attend him and his family during their absence from this city. Voted, That F. W. Putnam be requested to act as Secretary until the vacancy be filled. Hon. Charles W. Upham addressed the chair as follows : Mr. President, — Within a few days an event has occurred which has made a deep impression, the world over. I do not propose, in reference to it, to indulge in any remarks of my own. The voice of individual feeling is not to be heard, until that of public bodies — As- sociations of Science and Philanthropy, Institutions of Learning, Municipal Communities, States and Governments — has been uttered. It is a circumstance not inappropriate, thnt this regular quarterly meeting of ours, gives to the Essex Institute the opportunity of being the first to express the sentiments of grateful and solemn appreciation of a memory and example, that will be cherished and honored everywhere through all time. I beg leave to offer the fol- lowing Resolves : — Besolved, That the Essex Institute participates profoundly in the sensibility with which the intelligence of the death of George Peabody is received on both sides of the Atlantic. Besolved, That, by his munificent endowment of the Peabody Acad- emy of Science in this city, he has provided for the perpetual preser- 140 vation and enlargement of the Scientific Collections and Departments of the Essex Institute. Besolved, That long absence, and the engagements of a vast bus- iness, connecting him with operations embracing the commercial and financial centres of civilization, did not lead him to forget the place of his birth and home of his childhood and youth, this its neighbor- ing city, or his ancestral county. The memorials of his generous and aflectionate interest in them will endure forever. Besolved, That, by noble and comprehensive benefactions to Uni- versities, Colleges and Academies, and to institutions for the diffusion of knowledge, and the relief, welfare and advancement of mankind, in the Old World as well as the New, without restriction to race or country, he has secured a perpetual remembrance everywhere, in grateful hearts, as the Philanthropist of the Age. Prof. A. Crosby made some appropriate remarks in seconding the adoption of the above Resolutions. The Resolutions were then adopted unanimously, the members rising. Voted, That the Curators of the Historical Department be requested to report at an adjournment of this meeting, such arrangements as they may deem advisable relative to the receiving on deposit the books and other property of the Essex Institute Musical Association. F. LeBoulanger of Salem, was elected a resident member. H. W. Hollenbush of Reading, Penn., was elected a corresponding member. Voted, To adjourn to meet on Monday next, at 7.30, P. M. Adjournment of Quarterly Meeting, Monday, November 15, 1869. The President in the chair. Records of the preceding meeting were read. The Curators of the Historical Department submitted the following Resolution, which on motion of Hon. J. G. Waters, seconded by W. P. Upham, was adopted : Whereas, Preliminary measures have been taken to form a Musical Association* in connection with the Essex Institute; therefore. '*=The associiation numbers about three hundred members, and has in its library several liundred volumes; also a piano made by Decker & Brothers, New York. Two musical entertainments have been given: First — Monday, October 11, 1869. PROGRAMME. 1. Piano Duett — Wedding March.” 2. Part Song — Male chorus “ Integer vitae.” . 3. Soprano aria — “ Hear j'e Israel ” Elijah. 4. Bass Song — ‘‘Two Grenadiers.” 5. Piano Solo — “Fantasias” (op, 78. Nos. 5 and 61. 6. Part Songs — a. “Two Roses.” \ b. “ Briffht Sword of Tdhertv.” i b. “ Bright Sword of Liberty.” 1 I . Mendelssohn. Fleming. Mendelssohn. Hchuman. Heller. Werner. Weber. 141 Resolved, That the Curators of the Historical Department be au- thorized to allow the Association aforesaid to use the rooms for all purposes that are not inconsistent with the provisions of Miss Plum- mer’s will, under their direction ; Provided, That the property of said Musical Association shall be permanently deposited with the Essex Institute, and in case of disso- lution shall become the property of the Institute, and also that the Association shall have an organization approved by the Curators.* The President called attention to the desirableness of an enlarge- ment of powers under the charter, and on motion of Hon. J. G. Wa- ters, it was Voted, That the Directors be authorized to make application to the Legislature for such an amendment of the charter of the Essex Insti- tute as they may deem advisable. The business of the regular meeting was taken up. Donations to the library and to the museum, and the correspondence announced. Mr. E. Bicknell exhibited specimens of Eozoon Canadense from the Serpentine quarry in Newbury, Mass., which he had recently dis- covered. Specimens of serpentine from the “Devil’s Den,” in New- bury were sent to Mr. Bicknell last spring, by Dr. H. C. Perkins of Newburyport, but they did not give any indication of Eozoon. Other specimens from that locality have since been brought by Dr. Perkins, which gave reason to expect that the Eozoon would be found. During the session of the American Association for the Advance- ment of Science, at Salem, in August last, Dr. T. Sterry Hunt of Montreal, visited various localities in the neighborhood, and gave as 7. Piano Duett — Waltz “Leinates Klange.” 8. Soprano Song — “ Bid me Discourse.” 9. Bass Song— “Good Night.” 10. Soprano Song— “Waiting.” Labitzsky. Bishop. E. C. Cheever. Millard. Second — Monday, Octobei- 26, 1869. PROGRAMME. 1. Part Songs — a. “ On a Lake.” } ... b. “The Lark.” \ 2. Quartette — a. “ Cradle Song.” ?..... b. “ Take Care.” ^ . 3. Contralto Aria (From St. Paul) — “But the Lord is Mindful 4. Piano Solo — “Andante and Rondo Capriccioso.” 5. Soprano Song— “'J'he First Violet.” 6. Trio — “Ave Maria.” ...... 7. Part Songs for Male Chorus- a. “Lovel}- Night.” 6. “Evening Song.” 8. Piano Solo — “Tarantelle.” 9. Quartette — “Cliorus of Angels,” from Eli. 10. Soprano Song — “ Oh wert Thou in the cold blast.” 11. Piano Duett — “Three Marches.” .... 12. Contralto Song — “The Wanderer.” 13. Quintette — From Martha, “A Che a voi perdone.” . Mendelssohn. A. S. Sullivan. Bartholomew. Mendelssohn. Alendelssohn. Mendelssohn. B. Owens. Chwatal. Bank. S. B. Mills. Costa. Franz. Gade. Schubert. Flotow. *The Association as now organized has the approval of the Curators of the Historical Department, who have made the necessary arrangements for the fulfil- ment of the conditions proposed. 142 his opinion that the rocks in this region belonged to the “Lanren- tian System,” in which the Eozoon is found, and that Eozoon might be found in this region. He also visited the “ Devil’s Den,” but was not successful in finding any specimens of Eozoon. On the 5th of Novem- ber, Mr. Bicknell visited, in company with Mr. Osgood of Newbury- port, the “Devil’s Den,” and also a quarry about half a mile from it. In the last mentioned place he succeeded in finding portions of the rock which gave good promise of the Eozoon. On returning to Salem with the specimens, and etching them with acids, he determined them to contain the Eozoon ; plainly showing the characteristic tube system, but not in so good a state of preservation as the Canadian specimens which he had seen. The Newbury specimens contain large quantities of asbestus and sulphuret of iron, and the shell layers of the Eozoon appear to have been largely replaced by asbestus. In the earlier specimens of serpentine examined by Mr. Bicknell, al- though no positive evidence was shown by microscopical examina- tion as compared with the Canadian specimens, yet the similarity of appearance by polarized light, determined him to visit the locality in person as he felt satisfied that it would be found there. Mr. Hyatt remarked that this discovery had now a significance which w^as of the utmost importance to the progress of geology in this county. The rocks of this county had been hypothetically re- ferred to the lowest known series of Laurentian strata, but this is the first instance in which any positive evidence has been produced of their actual age. The recent visit of Dr. T. Sterry Hunt has awakened a new interest in our local geology, and from his late paper at the last meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, and his proposed visit here next spring, we may hope for the most important results. Hon. W. D. Northend gave an interesting account of some old papers belonging to the late Maj. Gen. Titcomb of Newburyport, and presented the same to the Institute. These papers gave consid- erable information on the life and character of Gen. Titcomb, especi- ally in regard to the various offices which he held both of a military and civil character. On motion of Hon. J. G. Waters it was • Voted, That the thanks of the Institute be presented to Mr. North- end for his valuable contribution, and that he be requested to prepare a memoir of Gen. Titcomb for publication in the Historical Collec- tions. Mr. W. P. Upham expressed the hope that Mr. Northend would comply with the request, and made some remarks upon the import- 143 ant part that Gen. Titcomb took in the Kevoiutionary War, and that a memoir was due to him. Third Musical Entertainment, Friday, November 26, 1869. PROGRAMME. 1. Piano Duett — “Bolero,” .... 2. Pakt Songs — a. “ Oh fly with me,” — h. “A cold frost came,” . — c. “ Over her grave,” 3. Song — “Lascia chia pianga,” 4. Piano Solo — “Concert Stuck,” 5. Song — “ How fair thou art,” .... 6. Part Songs — (for male chorus), — a. “ Maiden’s Lament,” — 6. “ Banish, oh maiden,” . 7. Song — “ La Serenade,” 8. Piano Duett — Surprise Symphony — Andante — Menuetto — Finale, 9. Song — “ Oh welcome fair wood,” . 10. Part Songs — (for male chorus), — a. “The sun is gone,” ‘ — 6. “ Where would I be,” . 11. American National Hymn, .... Leybach. Mendelssohn. U ic Handel. Weber. Weidt. Schaeffer. Loreno. Schubert. Haydn. Franz. Hertz. Zollner. Keller. LETTERS ANNOUNCED. {November.') Baker, C. Alice, Cambridge, Oct. 11; Bennett, James, Leominster, Sept. 17; But- terfield, N. Webster, Indianapolis, Ind., July 28; Goodale, G. L., Bowdoin College, Oct. 19; Hamlin, A. C., Bangor, Me., Oct. 23; Hough, Franklin B., Washington, D. C., Sept. 3, Oct. 26; Johnson, A. H., Salem, Oct. 8; King, D. Webster, Boston, Oct. 9, 11; Lane, Susan M., Cambridge, Oct. 11; Le Baron, J. F., Boston, Oct. 9; Lincoln, Solomon, Boston, Oct. 13; Maynard, C. J., Newtonville, Oct. 7; Monas, John G., Baltimore, Md., Oct., 11; Nichols, James R., Haverhill, Sept. 28; Nourse, Katy E., Salem, Oct. 20; Poole, Stephen D., Lynn, Oct. 9; Salisbuiy, Stephen, Wor- cester, Oct. 8; Shepard, Henry F., Boston, Oct. 16; Smith, Sidney I., New Haven, Conn., Sept. 23; Stephens, W. Hudson, Lowville, N. Y., Sept. 26, Oct. 6; Tracy, C. M., Lynn, Oct. 9; Verrill, A. E., New Haven, Conn., Oct. 4; Waters, J. Linton, Chi- cago, 111., Sept. 21; Wiggin, J. K., Boston, Oct. 2; Augsburg-Naturhistorischer Verein, Aug. 4; Bamberg, Naturforschende Gesellschaft, 24; Danzig, Naturfor- schende Gesellschaft, July 28; New York Lj'ceum of Natural History, Oct. 4; New York Mercantile Library Association, Oct. 1; Savannah, Georgia Historical So- ciety, Oct. 21; Stockholm, L’ Academic Royal Suidoise des Sciences, July, August. 144 ADDITIONS TO THE LIBRARY. (^September and October). BY DONATION. Bennett, James, of Leominster, Mass. Annual Reports of the School Com- mittee of the Town of Leominster for the years 186G-69, 2 vols. and 1 pamphlet, 8vo, Fitchburg, 1866, etc. Brown, T. B., of Chicago. Report of the Board of Police in the Fire and Police Departments, to the Common Council of the City of Chicago, for year ending Mch. 31, 1869, 2 pamphlets, 8vo. Butler, Benj. F., M. C. Report of the Commissioner of Education, for the year 1867-68, 1 vol. 8vo, Washington, 1868. Fellows, R. S., of New Haven, Conn. Richard Saxinders’ Almanack for 1760, 12mo pamph., Phila. Frothingham, Richard, of Charlestown. Life and Times of Joseph Warren, by R. Frothingham, 1 vol. 8vo, Boston, 1865. Hough, Franklin B., of Lowville, N. Y. The Industrial Chemist, 15 Nos., 1862 and 1863. Miscellaneous pamphlets, 36. Johnson, Samuel, of Salem. Miscellaneous pamphlets, 513. Lee, John C., of Salem. Commercial Bulletin for August, 1869. Lincoln, Solomon, of Boston. Catalogus Universitatis Brunensis, 1869, 8vo pamph., Providentiae, 1869. Nason, Henry B., of Troy, N. Y. Annual Register of the Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 1869, 8vo pamph., Troy. Putnam, Mrs. Eben, of Salem. Miscellaneous pamphlets, 22. Quint, Rev. A. 11., of New Bedford. Minutes of the Sixty-seventh Annual Meet- ing of the General Assoc, of Cong. Churches of Mass., 1869, 8vo pamph., Boston. SCUDDER, Sam’l H., of Boston. Entomological Notes H; from the Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History, 8vo pamph. Ward, Mary A., of Salem. Nathanael Ames’ Almanack for 1741 and 1763, 2 pamphlets 12mo, Boston. N. Low’s Almanack for 1772, 12mo pamph., Boston. Waters, E. Stanley, Chicago. The American Builder for May, 1869. Literary Bulletin, 7 Nos. Waters, J. Linton, of Chicago. Report of the Chicago and North Western Railway Company, for the year ending May 31, 1869, 8vo pamph., N. Y., 1869. BY EXCHANGE. American Nothsmatic and Archaeological Society. American Journal of Numismatics and the Bulletin for August, 1869, 8vo pamph.. New York. Iowa State Historical Society. The Annals of Iowa, published quarterly, for July, 1869, 8vo pamph., Davenport. Tidsskrift for Populaere Fremstillinger af Naturvidenskaben ud- givet af C. Fogh og C. F. LUtken, 5 Nos., 8vo pamph., Kjdbenhaven, 1868, 1869. Naturforschende Gesbllschaft. Verhandlungen der Naturforschenden Gesellschatt in Basel, 8vo pamph., Basel, 1869. Naturforschender Verein. Correspondenzblatt des Naturforscher-Vereins zu Riga, Vol. XVII, 8vo. Naturwissenchaftliche Gesellschaft. Bericht iiber die Thatigkeit der St. Gallischen Naturwissenschaftlichen Gesellschaft wahrend des Vereinsjahres, 1867- 68, St. Gallen, 1868, 8vo pamph. BULLETIN OF THE ESSEX ZE'STITTJTE. VoL. 1. Salem, Mass., December, 1869. No. 12. One Dollar a Year in Advance. 10 Cents a Single Copy. FIRST HOUSES IN SALEM. BY W. P. UPHAM. [ Concluded from imge i;i6.] On the east side of Dean street was a lot of seven acres, the eastern boundary of which was parallel with Beckford street, and ran from a point on Essex street about seventy feet west of Muilroe street to the North River. This was owned before 1664, by Thos. Spooner; and he and Thomas Gardner, Sen., and Samuel Shattuck, Sen., had houses there as early as 1640. John Simp- son built a house in 1672, on the south-east corner of this land, which, in 1772, was conveyed by Jane Ropes to John Higginson, and by Joseph Sewall to Miss Caro- line Plummer in 1846. Next east of this was a two acre house-lot, nine rods wide, where Richard Bishop lived before 1660, his house being near the river. On the south-west corner of this lot Roger Derby built a house, and lived there till his death, in 1698. The site of his house was about three rods Essex Inst. Bulletin. 19 146 west of Munroe street, where the house of Mrs. Wallis stood which was recently removed, and it now forms part of Capt. Bertram’s estate. Between Kichard Bishop’s land and Beckford street, Thomas Trusler owned four acres, in 1653. This appears to have been originally two house-lots, each nine rods in width, one of which was owned by William Bound, whose house was near the river. Thomas Trusler’s house was on the west side of the north end of Beck- ford street. His widow left it to her son Edward Phelps, who, in 1657, conveyed it, with three acres and a half of land adjoining, to Thomas Bobbins, from whom it de- scended to his niece Bebecca, wife of William Pinson, who afterwards married Joseph Bubier of Marblehead, and conveyed the same homestead to Bebecca, wife ot John Beckford, and only child of William Pinson. They conveyed the house, and a small part of the land adjoin- ing, to their son John Beckford, in 1739, and it remained in that family for many years. Between Thomas Bobins land and Essex street there were four dwelling houses before 1680. On the corner was the ” Kitchen House ” (see p. 57) which was probably built in 1664; and next west a house where George Dean lived in 1674; and west of that one which Thomas Maule built in 1674, and west of this another which John Kitchen sold to Kichard Croad, in 1664. East of Beckford street were three house-lots running from the river to Essex street, and each seven rods in width, the first owned before 1661, by Thomas Cole, and the next by Samuel Belknap, both of whose houses were near the river. The third from Beckford street was the homestead of Allen Kenniston as early as 1640. His widow married Philip Cromwell, who sold it to William Hirst in 1680. Dr. George B. Loring now lives on the 147 same estate. East of this, Hilliard Veren owned three- quarters of an acre, in 1665 ; and next to that were two other house-lots, each seven rods in width, and both owned by Philip Veren, in 1662, who lived where Mrs. S. F. Orne now lives, opposite Cambridge street. On the southeast corner of this land, where the entrance to the North Church is, Kichard Sibley built a house in 1662. The rest was conveyed to Mary, widow of Nathan- iel Veren, who became the wife of Thomas Putnam, and conveyed the eastern half to his son Thomas Putnam, and the western half to his son Joseph, the father of Gen. Israel Putnam. Thomas’ part came into the possession of Benjamin Gerrish in 1713, and remained in that family for many years. Joseph’s part was sold by him in 1718, to Mrs. Mary Lindall, a daughter of Mary Veren; who also bought the land to the west that had been owned by Hilliard Veren ; and the whole was conveyed by the heirs of Samuel Barnard to Nathaniel Ropes, in 1768. On the West side of North street was the homestead ot Roger Williams in 1635-6, of which we shall give a more extended account hereafter. All these lots ran through from Essex street to tire river. The house-lots, between North and Summer streets on the west and Washington street on the east, all of which ran from east to west, have been already described. We will only add that on the eastern corner of Essex and North streets, on land which was conveyed, in 1670, by Edmond Batter to his brother-in-law Hilliard Veren, Sen., was built a house which Timothy Hicks conveyed to Deliverance Parkman, in 1673, and which was taken down about twenty years ago. On the south side, from Summer street to Washington street, there were four houses before 1661, in what was called "Fogg’s Row;” but we do not know who occupied them. 148 East of Washington street and next the North Eiver the earliest houses were those of Keiiben Guppy, John Smith, Wm. Comins and John Symonds. South of that was the homestead of Gov. Endicott (see Essex Inst. Proceedings, Vol. V, p. 131) . Where Dr. Cate lives now was the house of Thomas Oliver, whose wife, Mary, was a noted character in the earliest Colonial history. Thomas Oliver’s second wife, Bridget, who afterwards married Edward Bishop, was the first victim of the Witchcraft delusion of 1692. On the north corner of Essex and Washington streets lived Walter Price ; and next east lived John Woodbury* one of the Old Planters. He died in 1641, leaving a widow, Ann, as appears by our County Court records, who, in 1660, conveyed the house to Capt. George Cor- win. It stood just east of Browne’s Block. Next east of this, where Hon. Pichard S. Rogers lives, was a house and half acre of land, in which lived Thomas Weeks be- fore 1655. For reasons which will be stated hereafter, we believe that this was originally the house of Roger Conant, who, as he himself said, erected the first house in Salem. Where the Mansion House lately stood, was the Ship Tavern, kept for many years by John Gedney. And be- tween that and St. Peter street, was the homestead of Peter Palfrey, another of the Old Planters. After his removal to Reading, about the year 1648, this estate came into the possession of Wm. Browne. From St. Peter street to the Common, and between Essex street and Brown street was all, in 1640, the homestead of Emanuel Downing. His house was after- wards the home of Joseph Gardner who married his _i Wrongly conjectured in a former article (Hist. Coll. Vol. 8, p. 253) to be Nicho* las Woodbiu’y, whose Will, dated 1685, we find is on the Suffolk Records. 149 daughter, Ann ; and she afterwards married Gov. Brad- street. North of Brown street were house-lots extending to the river, and occupied before 1660, by Christopher Waller, Joseph Miles, Isaac Page and Bev. Edward Norris. East of where Williams street is, lived George Williams, who left his homestead in 1654, to his eldest son, John Williams. Betw^een that and Winter street, was the homestead of Thomas Watson. He gave his estate, in 1668 and in 1672, to Jacob Pudeator, whose wife, Ann, was executed as a witch in 1692. The Common, until 1660, extended south to Essex street, and also included the land between Winter street and Pleasant, street. On the east side of Pleasant street the earliest houses w^ere those of Thomas Bootes, whose house was on the north side of the cove at the east end of Forrester street ; and Josiah Bootes, Edward Giles, Phile- mon Dickenson and John Borne, who lived in the vicinity of where Pickman street is now, their houses having dis- appeared in 1655, when John Gedney owned the land, afterwards known as the Gedney Pasture. * For an account of the square between Washington street and Central street, see Hist. Coll. Vol. 8, p. 250. Where the Charter street Cemetery is now was the ancient, and probably the first, burying place. Near it John Horne had a windmill in 1637. Among the earliest houses between Central and Elm streets, may be men- tioned those of John Holgrave (Downing Block) , Henry Bartholomew (Pickman house and E. I. Marine Hall), We propose, in an appendix, to give an account of the first houses on the neck of land through which Bridge street runs, and of the Planters Marsh, so called; and will only remark here, that the interest which the Old Planters had in the land there, does not appear to have been as a place of residence, but simply to have arisen from a very early use of it, in common, on accorxnt of the great importance to them of the salt marsh. We also intend to give a further account of the houses of Roger Conant and Roger Williams. y 150 and Win. Hathorne (west corner of Liberty street). On the west corner of Elm street lived Wm. Allen, one of the Old Planters. East of Elm street was the homestead and wharf of Elder John Brown. From there to the Neck, the house-lots were mostly occupied by merchants, seamen, ship-builders, and others connected with maritime afiairs. ORDER OF MEETINGS. Regular Meeting, Moriday, December 20, 1869. The President in the Chair. Records of preceding meeting were read. Correspondence and donations were announced. Mr. John Robinson was elected Home and Recording Secretary for the remainder of the year, and until another shall be chosen in his stead. A letter from Dr. F. B. Hough, contained a fall account of his opinion in regard to “ the Onondaga giant,” which he considered was undoubtedly a deception. Mr. Alpheus Hyatt gave an account of this deception, which he received from a friend who had made ‘extensive enquiries in relation thereto. The President read a letter from Mr. Thomas Spencer, a former resident in this city, and an officer of the Natural History Society at the time of its organization and for several years afterwards, giving an account of two visits to Scrooby, the Home of the Pilgrims ; one about ninteeen years since, the other in October last. He remarked that this letter comes at an opportune time, within a day or two of the anniversary of the landing of the Pilgrims at Plymouth, in 1620, a day memorable in our annals, and one which is appropriately noticed by the children of New England wherever located. He gave a brief history of Scrooby, alluding to Elder Brewster and some of his companions — their removal to Holland, and finally coming to New England, and the founders of a colony which has had so much infiu- ence in the organization of this government. To the President of the Essex Institute, Salem, 3Iassachusetts, U. 8. My dear Dr. Wheatland : — I beg to acknowledge the receipt of your very kind letter, and the certificate constituting me a corres- ponding member of the Essex Institute. It has given me much pleasure to find myself once more associated with friends that I 151 loved, friends whose kindness to me made my life happy and pleas- ant during my sojourn in Salem. I hope I shall be forgiven for not replying more promptly, but I wished to supply an item of information to the Historical depart- ment of the Institute, but poor health for many months prevented me from making the necessary journey. I wished to give a brief report on the present condition of Scrooby and Austertteld, the English homes of Brewster and Bradford. About nineteen years ago I made a pilgrimage to Scrooby and Austertield. On entering Scrooby village my eye hastily wandered .over the scene it presented, and I looked eagerly for objects that must have been familiar to the pilgrim fathers. I wanted a common point, where the past and the present — the pilgrim and myself — might shake hands. While in this mood mj^ eye settled upon Scrooby Church ; it was the object I wanted; it was the link in the chain that I was looking for. Ah! there it stood in its gray old age, just as the pil- grim fathers left it, and I was not long in recognizing in its tapering spire the type of the many spires that adorned the landscape of New England some fifty years ago ; many of which I endured the pain of seeing thrown down to give place to steeples and turrets, as I thought, less emblematic of a Christian country. On entering the church I could well imagine that little or no alteration had taken place from the time of the Elder Brewster, and I paced its aisles with a lively interest, every step I took being in the footprints of a pilgrim father. On strolling into the village I enquired for the site of Scrooby Manor, which was soon pointed out to me, and, what was of deeper interest, the manor farm-house. My informant was an old man, who was hedging and ditching. He was very intelligent and very commu- nicative for one of his class, and soon gave me to understand that cer- tain portions of the original manor were incorporated bodily into the manor farm-house, which he had just pointed out. This information awakened a new interest, for I had just read in Mr. Hunter’s valua- ble pamphlet that no portion of it (the old manor) is noin standing. I was soon knocking at the door of the manor farm-house, and on hastily explaining the motive of my call I was received with a genial cordiality by its well-bred inhabitants. On putting the question plainly, “ does any entire portion of the old manor make a part of this present building?” I was told that stich was really the fact. And then, with as much modesty as I could command, I requested to be shown that particular portion, and was politely shown into an upper room called the “ manor chamber.” It was then a family sleep- ing room and handsomely furnished. On closely inspecting the walls I discovered that peculiar recess, the Piscina, which is always found in old Roman Catholic Chapels. On the lauding at the entrance to the manor chamber there was a small latticed window with stone mullions and transom, that I could well imagine as belonging to the ancient manor. Immediately before this latticed window there stood a mulberry tree, said to have been planted by Cardinal Woolsey. It was a living thing upon which the pilgrim fathers must have gazed many and many a time, and peradventure eaten of its fruit. I have seen the old oaks in Sherwood. forest — some of them dating from the days of King John, and I have paid some attention to the dura- tion of hedges, and I can readily believe that the Scrooby mulberry tree was planted by Woolsey, or as far back as his day. 152 From Scrooby I walked to Aiisterfleld, and, very like, by the same bye-paths that young Bradford trod when he stole over to Scrooby to worship with his co-religionists at the manor. The old church of Austerlield is very small, not calculated to hold more than from one hundred to one hundred and fifty people, but yet its walls are three feet thick. It has stood for many centuries, and for anything I saw it may stand for many more. As I gazed at its massive construction I could not help thinking, “ truly the men of Austerlield built for posterity;” and young Bradford catching the inspiration of his native village laid his foundations broad and deep in another hemisphere, and in a more magnificent manner, built for posterity. I should think, from appearances, that the village of Austerlield was much the same as when Bradford left it. The register of his baptism is in the keeping of the clergyman who resides at Bawtry. One item ol interest I gathered from the parish clerk, an old man. One of the bells in the tiny tower of the church, was the veritable bell — the Curfew — that tolled out the harsh tones of the Norman conquests. Here ended my first pilgrimage. The result was the discovery of a portion of the manor of Scrooby — the cradle of the Anglo-Norman* Republic — the precious spot where the infant Giant of the West drew its first struggling breath. On the 4tli day of the present month, October, 1869, I sat out on my second pilgrimage to Scrooby and Austerlield. It was a fine autumnal day — a day of the English Indian summer — called by Shakspeare, “St. Martin’s little summer.” The phenomenon of a few fine days — a sort of blessing added to the summer — is common, I am inclined to believe, all over the northern hemisphere. As a farmer by profession and practice I regard it as a kind provision of nature, enabling the husbandman to prepare his laud and sow his seed wheat for the next year’s harvest. On the present occasion, I took my own conveyance and a man to drive me. Before I reached the village of Scrooby, the well known spire of the old church pre- sented itself. On alighting at the church I found all right outwardly — just as the pilgrim fathers left it — but within a great change had taken place. About five years ago the body of the church was com- pletely renovated, and reseated. It was no longer the church that the pilgrims knew, but the people of the present day have a more commodious place of worship, and that circumstance stifles all re- grets. Among the many changes that nineteen years has brought about none was so great as the intense interest that had sprung up in the interval. Scrooby Church had become the Mecca of New England people. On my first visit I only found one individual that was at all aware of the American interest attached to Scrooby, and that individual was Lord Galway, whom I accidentally met at Bawtry station. Now all this apparent indifference is changed. Mine host at the Bawtry hotel, his men in the stable, parish clerk and sexton, all that I met were alive to the American interest that had gathered round Scrooby and Austerfleld. Some of the people told me that the Americans would have restored Scrooby Church if the parishioners would have allowed a simple restoration. During the time of its actual repair many Americans visited the spot and bought up frag- ments of the old church. One rejected door stone and the old font prefer to write Anglo-Xorman, because I think it is the Nonnan element of our population that migrates and stirs new regions with its restless activity. 153 were given by Lord Houghton, the patron of the church, to some Chicago Pilgrims, and taken by them to that far away city. On visiting tlie manor farm-house, I found that great changes had taken place. Two sets of tenants had passed away to another world. The house is all but deserted; the only inhabitants are a laborer and his family. The manor chamber is there, but it looked mean without its furniture. The small recess in the wall that 1 call the Piscina, is there, and on the opposite wall, immediately before it, a larger recess was pointed out to me, with the remark, “ Here once a pulpit stood.” But 1 thought — more likely a cross. The small latticed window, with its stone mullions, is there, on the landing, looking down upon Cardi- nal Woolsey’s mulberry tree, which, by the way, is fresh, green, and vigorous, and has this past summer borne a large crop of berries. On this occasion I was shown into what is called the manor room ; but in this I saw no evidences of antiquity, save the thickness of the walls, and these formed the basement of the manor chamber. The v inner wall of this chamber is obscured b}^ a coating of modern plas- ter; but in passing into the next chamber we see the wall in its original state, and the indications of a large window, now and for many years tilled up with masonry. For myself, on a retrospect of the whole, I could not resist the im- pression that I received nineteen years ago, and that wuis, that a con- siderable portion of the old manor was left standing at the time of the tinal dissolution; and that portion, with large additions, made up the present manor farm-house. The manor chamber w^as very like a private chapel, such as we often found in old manor houses, and in those of a religious character. I am aware that Mr. Bartlett, a later pilgrim than Hunter, in speak- ing of the old manor, says, “Not a wreck of this sumptuous building- now remains.” He also tells of some fragments of richly carved oak, as propping up the roof of a cow-shed. Appended to the manor farm house there is a suit of modern farm buildings, and in the construction of these the old oak of the old manor is largely employed. I saw one baulk in a stable, from fifteen to twenty feet long, richly carved and every way worthy of the reception room or the banquet halls. There are more, I was told, and collectively the}- would convey a better idea of Scrooby’s manorial magnificence than anything that remains. From Scrooby, I drove on this occasion to Austerfield, and lost the luscious thought that I was treading in the footsteps of young Brad- ford. Everything in Austerfield village looked much as it did nine- teen years ago. The old parish clerk was dead and gone but he W’as succeeded by his son who only w^anted a few more years to make him as rich and ripe as his father. Nothing new had occurred. The church w^as reseated and repaired in 1835. The chancel, how- ever, does not appear to have received the least touch of modern improvement. The communion rails are doubtless the same as AVil- liam Bradford looked down upon in his youth, and before wiiich his grandfather and grandmother stood when they were married, and, possibly, generations before them. The chancel of our parish churches is repaired by the patron of the church, while the body or nave of the church is improved by the parishioners; and these par- ties often act independently of each other. They have evidently done so at Austerfield. On questioning the clerk about the curfew bell, he could give no better authority than that of his father, who had received the tradition from a former parish clerk. Essex Inst. Bulletin. 20 154 In conclusion, I will beg permission to observe that the chancel of Austerfield Church is much out of repair, and some alteration will, very like, take place before long. And the same may be said of the manor farm-house at Scrooby. It looks, just now, as if the landlord must either pull it down or thoroughly repair it. In either case — in any action at Scrooby or Austerfield — some relics precious to the sons of the Pilgrims might be secured. When the proper season arrives, I will, if health and life permit, send thee, Mr. President of the Essex Institute, a small bundle of cuttings, by post, from Woolsey’s mulberry tree. The mulberry grows from cuttings. In the event of any member of the Essex Institute visiting Scrooby, I would observe that there is a lady, a Mrs. Smith, a widow of one of the late tenants of the manor farm-house, now residing at Baw- try, who can give all the information that can be obtained respecting the incorporation of portions of the old manor into the now stand- ing manor farm-house. Bawtry lies midway between Scrooby and Austerfield. With kind regards to all the members of the Institute, and partic- ularly to those who have so kindly remembered me after an absence of thirty years, I am, Mr. President, very respectfully, your friend and coadjutor, Thomas Spencer. P. S. I shall send Mr. Hunter’s Historical Tract by present post, and beg its acceptance by the Institute. Bransby, near Lincoln, England, ) October 28, 1869. > After the reading of Mr. Spencer’s letter, Mr. George D. Phippen commenced a series of remarks on the plants mentioned in the Bible. On motion of Hon. J. G. Waters, it was Voted, That Mr. Phippen be requested to continue his remarks on this subject at the next meeting of the Institute. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. ourih Musical Entertainment, Wednesday, December 22, 1869. PKOGRAMME. Piano Duett — “ Waltz, Leiuate’s Klange,” . Song — Soprano, “Ave Maria,” . . . . Duett — “When I know that thou art near me,” Song — Tenor, “None ever,” Part Song — Since first I saw your face,” Song — Soprano, “ Salve Maria,” . . . . Song — Soprano, “ Slumber Song,” Piano Solo — “ La Scintilla,” Song — Soprano, “II Marinaro,” . . . . Trio — “Te sol quest anima,” Piano Duett — “ Trauer Marsch,” . . . . Part Song — “Annie Lee,” Labitzky. Schubert. Abt. Mattei. T.Ford,W0'd. Mercadante. Kucken. . Gottschalk. Campana. Verdi. Mendelssohn. J. Barnby. 155 LETTERS ANNOUNCED. Allis, Solon W., Boston, Nov. 18; Bancroft & Co., San Francisco, Cal., Nov. 26; Boardman, Samuel L., Augusta, Me., Nov. 16; Boulanger, F. Le, Nov. 19; Chat- deld, Charles C., New Haven, Conn., Dec. 16; Cutting, Hiram A., Lunenburgh, Vt., Dec. 7; Dalrymple, E. A., Baltimore, Md., Dec. 2; Hamlin, A. C., Bangor, Me., Nov. 29; Hough, F. B., Washington, D. C., Nov. 16, 22; Howell, Robert, Nichols, Tioga Co., N. Y., June 14; King, D. Webster, Boston, Dec. 8; Lee, Wrn. Raymond, Boston, Nov. 17; Lewis, Winslow, Boston, Nov. 25; Moore, George H., New York, Nov. 18; Shepard, Henry F., Boston, Nov. 20; Spencer, Thomas, Bransby, near Lincoln, England, Oct. 28; Stephens, W. Hudson, Lowville, N. Y., Dec. 1; Chi- cago, Franklin Society, Nov. 15; Georgia Historical Society, Savannah, Nov. 13, 27; Quebec Litex-ary and Historical Society, Dec. 6; Manchester Literary and Philo- sophical Society, Aug. 2; Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D. C., June 29; Zurich, Die Naturforschende Gesellschaft, Sept. 30. ADDITIONS TO THE LIBRARY. BY DONATION. Abbot, T. C., of Lansing, Mich. Seventh Annual Repox’t of the State Board of Agriculture of Michigan, for 1863, 1 vol. 8vo, Lansing. Andrews, Samuel P., of Salem. List of Shareholders in the National Banks in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, 1 vol. 4to, Boston, 1869. Atwood, E. S., of Salem. Pai-is Universal Exhibition, 1867, 8vo pamph., Lon- don. Specimen copies of several French papers. Barlow, .John, of Salem. Legislative Documents for 1869, House and Senate, 6 vols. 8vo. Boardman, Samuel L., of Augusta, Me. Bewick’s History of Quadrupeds, 1 vol. 8vo, Newcastle, 1824. Agriculture of Maine, 1865-68, 4 vols. 8vo, Augusta. Portland Business Directory, 1868, 1 vol. 8vo. Brooks, Charles T., of Newport, R. I. Pentecost, by S. L. Little, 1 vol. 12mo, Newport, 1869. Miscellaneous pamphlets, 35. Bureau op Refugees, Washington, D. C. Eighth Semi-Annual Report on Schools for Freedmen, 8vo pamph., Washington, 1869. Report of Gen. O. O. How- ard to the Secretaiy of War, 8vo pamph., Washington, 1869. Butler, Benj. F., M. C. Report of the Department of Agriculture for 1869, 8vo pamphlet, Washington. Review of the Report of the Special Commissioner of the Revenue, 8vo pamph., Philadelphia, 1869. Report from the Joint Select Committee on Retrenchment, 1 vol. 8vo, Washington, 1868. Chamberlain, Mrs. James, of Salem. A Voyage Around the Woidd, 1 vol. 8vo, London, 1767. Chapman, John, of Salem. Two Modern Greek Child’s Papers, 1869. Crosby, Alpheus, of Salem. New Hampshire Register for 1810, 1816, 1832, 3 pamphlets 16mo, Concord. Dalrymple, E. A, of Baltimore, Md. Baltimore Directories, 1833 to 1866, 14 vols. 8vo. De Refpye, M. Verchere. Les Armes D’Alise. Notice avec Photogi'aphies et Gravures sur Bois, Svo pamph.. Pains, 1864. Fabens, B. H., of Salem. Records of the Proceedings of a General Court Mar- tial holden at Salem, Sept. 28, 1812, Svo pamph., Cambridge. 156 Gossip, William, of Halifax, N. S. The Antiquity of Man in America, 8vo pamph., Halifax, 1869. Green, Samlel A., of Boston. Cotton Culture, 1 vol. 8vo, Boston, 1869. Pro- ceedings of the Commercial Convention, 1 vol. 8vo, Detroit, 1865. Proceedings at the First Meeting of the National Board of Trade of Philadelphia, 1 vol. 8vo, Bos- ton, 1868. Fifteenth Annual Report of the Boston Board of Trade, 1 vol. 8vo, Bos- ton, 1869. Report of the School Committee of the City of Boston, 1867, 1 vol. 8vo. Farewell Address by Rev. J. H. Fairchild, 1 vol. 12mo, Boston, 1868. Miscellane- ous pamphlets, 97. Hough, Franklin B,, of Washington, D. C. A Series of Tables of the Several Branches of American Manufacture, 4to pamph., 1810. Miscellaneous pamphlets, 28. Howard, Sanford. Report of the Secretary of the State Board of Agriculture of the Sate of Michigan for 1868, 1 vol. 8vo, Lansing. Hyatt, Alpheus, of Salem. Miscellaneous pamphlets, 81. Johnson, Amos H., of Salem. Manual of Homoeopathic Practice, 1 vol. 8vo, Phila., 1859. Knowland, Richardson, of Marblehead. The Boston News Letter, No. 1, April 17, 1704. Lawrence, Charles, of Danvers. Cultivator and Country Gentleman, 22 vols. American Agriculturist, 3 vols. New England Farmer, 3 vols. Colman’s European Agriculture, 2 vols. Weekly Messenger, 1 vol. Horticultural Register, 3 vols. Magazine of Horticulture, 4 vols. Lea, Isaac, of Philadelphia, Pa. Index to vol. xii, and Supplementary Index to vols. i. to xi, of Observations on the Genus Unio, vol. ii, 4to pamph., Philadel- phia, 1869. Lee, John C., of Salem. Commercial Bulletin for 1869. Lewis, Winsloav, of Boston. Addresses of W. Lewis, M.D., before the New England Historic-Genealogical Society, 3 pamphlets 8vo, Boston, 1865. Lynn, City of. History of the City Hall of Lynn, 1 vol. 8vo, Lynn, 1869. Miller, E. F., of Salem. Miscellaneous pamphlets, 8. Moore, George H., of New York. Documents relating to the Colonial History of the State of New York, 1 vol. 4to, Albany, 1861. Smith’s History of New York, 2 vols. 8vo, 1829. Collections of the New York Historical Society, 1 vol. 8vo, New York, 1826. Morse, E. S., of Salem. Worcester’s Elements of Geography, 1 vol. 8vo, Boston, 1827. Miscellaneous pamphlets, 9. Mortillet, M. G. de. Essai d’une Classification des Cavernes et des Stations sous abri fondee sur les Produits de L’Industrie Humaine, 8vo pamph. National Association of Wool Manufacturers. Bulletin for October, 1869, 8vo jjamph., Boston. Nichols, Danforth B. Catalogue of HoAvard University for 1868-9, 8vo pamph. Osgood, Joseph B. F., of Salem. Pennsylvania Packet, 1783 to 1790, 8 vols. folio. Georgia Historical Collections, 1 vol. 8vo, Savannah, 1840. Dictionary of English and Latin Idioms, 1 vol. 12mo, London, 1712. Gentleman’s Magazine, 1 vol. 8vo, London, 1768. Miscellaneous volumes, 29. Serials, 280. Pamphlets, 204. POAVERS, Stephen A., of Salem. An Old Document, in Congress, July 4, 1776, a Declaration by the Representatives of U. S. A., signed by John Hancock. Preble, G. H., of ChaiiestoAAm. Martha Preble Oxford and her descendants to 1869, 8vo pamph. Proctor, George H. Gloucester and Rockport Directory for 1869, 1 vol. 8vo. Putnam, Mrs. Eben, of Salem. Three 8vo pamphlets. Roberts, S. R. Catalogue and Synonymy of the Genei-a, Species, and Varieties of Recent Mollusca, Part 4, 8vo pamph., Philadelphia, 1869. 157 Secretary of State, Boston, Mass. Public Documents of Massachusetts for 1868, t vols. 8vo, Boston, 1839. Sibley, Johx L., of Cambridge. Catalogue of the Officers and Students of Harvard University for 1869-70, 12mo pampb., Cambridge. Staten, Mrs. K. L., of Salem. Church Psalmody, 1 vol. 8vo, Boston, 1852. Ro- mame’s Discourses, 1 vol. 8vo, Edinburgh, 1788. Also nine 8vo vols. Stevens, William H., of Lowville, N. Y. Boonville, Lowville, Potsdam and Carthage Directories for 1867-68, 4 vols. 12mo, Watertown. Stone, Henry, of Nashville, Tenn. Water Power of Maine, 1 vol. 8vo. Min- eralogy of Nova Scotia, 1 vol. 8vo, Halifax, 1869. Report of Commissioners of Hydrographic Survey, 1 vol. 8vo, Augusta, 1868. International Commercial Con- vention, 1 vol. 8vo, Portland, 1868. Miscellaneous pamphlets, 10. Tucker, Jonathan, of Salem. Report of the Secretary of the Iowa State Agri- cultural Society for 1868, 1 vol. 8vo, Des Moines, 1869. 2 pamphlets, 8vo. Veatch, Charles, of Keytesville, Mo. Edwards’ St. Louis Directory for 1864, 1 vol. 8vo. Williams’ Cincinnati Directory for 1855, 1 vol. 8vo. Edwards’ Report of St. Louis Agriculture, 1 vol. 8vo. Walton, Eben N., of Salem. New England Farmer, 23 Nos. Journal of the Grand Division of the Sons of Temperance, 23 Nos. Miscellaneous pamphlets, 13. Ward, James C., of Salem. Physico-Theology, by W. Derham, 1 vol. 8vo, London, 1727. Adventures of Sir Launcelot Greaves, 1 vol.l2mo, 1782. England and Wales, 3 vols. 12mo, London, 1769. Miscellaneous pamphlets, 8. Waters, J. Linton, of Chicago. Charter of the Chicago Stock Exchange, 8vo pamph., 1869. Whitely, John, of Shirley Village. Autobiography of a Shaker, and Revela- tion of the Apocalypse, 8vo pamph. Whitmore, W. H., of Boston. A Brief Genealogy of the Usher Family, 8vo pamph., Boston, 1869. Yale College, Catalogue of Officers and Students, 1869-70, 8vo pamph.. New Haven, 1868. BY EXCHANGE. Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia. Proceedings, May, June, July, 1869, 8vo pamph. American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Proceedings, vol. vii, pages 345-508, 8vo pamph., Boston, 1868. American Entomological Society. Transactions, vol. 2, No. 3, October, 1869, 8vo pamph., Philadelphia. Bibliotheque Universelle et Revue Suisse. Archives des Sciences Physiques at Naturelles. Nouvelle P^riode, 3 pamphlets, 8vo, Geneve, 1869. Boston Public Library. Bulletin for October, 1869. Boston Society of Natural History. Proceedings at Annual Meeting, May 5, 1869, 8vo pamph. Conditions and Doings of B. S. N. 11., 8vo pamph., 1869. Proceedings, Vol. xiii, sigs. 4-9, 8vo pamph., 1869. Address at Centennial Anni- versary of the birth of A. Von Humboldt, by L. Agassiz, 8vo pamph., 1869. BowDOiN College. Catalogue of the Officers and Students, First Term, 1869- ’70, 8vo pamph., Brunswick, 1869. The Bugle for November, 1869. Crosse et Fischer. Journal de Conchyliologie, Tome, ix, No. 3, 8vo pamph., Paris, 1869. Entomologischer Verein zu Stettin. Entomologische Zeitung, Herausge- geben von dem entomologischen Vereine zu Stettin, 8vo pamph., Stettin, 1869. Georgia Historical Society. Stevens’ History of Georgia, 2 vols. 8vo, Neu’ York, 1847. Historical Sketch, Chatham Artillery, 1 vol. 8vo, Albany, 1867. Sketch of Tomo-Chi-Chi, 1 vol. 8vo, Albany, 1868. Miscellaneous pamphlets, 8. 158 Harvard College. Annual Eeport of the President and Treasurer of Har- vard College for 1868-’69, 8vo pamph., Cambridge. Iowa State Historical Society. Annals of Iowa for October, 1869, 8vo pamph. KONGLIGA SvENSKA Vetenskars Akademiex. Hemiptera Africana descripsit Carolus Stal, 8vo pamph., Holmia3, 1864. Kongliga Vetenskaps.’Akademiens. Kon- gliga Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Handlingar, 1864-1867, 4 vols. 4to. Ofver- sigt af Kongl. Vetenskaps Akademiens Forhandlingar, 1865-1868. Lefnadsteck- ningar bfver K. Sv. and A. Led. Sketch of the Geology of Spitzbergen, 8vo pamph., Stockholm, 1867. Die Thierarten des Aristoteles, 8vo pamph., Stockholm, 1863. Conspectum Avium Picinarum, 8vo pamph., Stockholmife. Kongelige Daxske Videnskabernes Selskab. Oversigt over det Kgl. Danske Videnskabernes Selskabs Forhandlinger og dets Medlemmers Arbeider i Aaret, 1867-1869, 8vo pamphlets, Kjobenhavn. Botanisk Tidsskrift udgivet af den Botaniske Forening i Kjobenhavn, 8vo pamph., 1869. Literary and Historical Society of Quebec. Transactions, 1867-1869, 8vo pamph., Quebec, 1869. Manuscripts relating to the Early History of Canada, T2mo pamph., Quebec, 1866. Literary and Philosophical Society of Manchester. Memoirs, vol. 3,