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Memorial Record ^rnrr

COUNTY OF CUYAHOGA

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1894.

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MEMORIAL RECORD

CUYAHOGA COUNTY

ENERAL MOSES CLEAVELAND, the founder of the city of Cleveland, Ohio, was bom January 29, 1754, at the town of Canterbury, Windham county, Con- necticut, the second son of Colonel Aaron and Thankful (Paine) Cleaveland.

Colonel Aaron Cleaveland was the fifth son and tenth child of Josiah Cleaveland, who mar- ried Abigail Paine. Colonel Cleaveland was born in Canterbury, Connecticut, November 27, 1727. His father, Josiah Cleaveland, was born in Chelmsford, Massachusetts, October 7, 1690, and was the eldest son and child of Josiah and Mary (Bates) Cleaveland. With his parents he removed to Connecticut when he was a child of four years. He is said to have been a man of great ability, prominent in the affairs of the town of Canterbury, both in a civil and eccle- siastical way, and there died February 9, 1750, leaving a good estate. His father, Josiah Cleave- land, the first, was the fifth son and eiglith child of Moses and Ann (Winn) Cleaveland, and was born at Woburn, Massachusetts, February 16, 1667, and, as did his brother, Samuel, he set- tled in Chelmsford, Massachusetts, and later removed to Canterbury, Connecticut, which remained his home till his death, April 26, 1709. He served in the Indian wars and was a much respected citizen.

His father, Moses Cleaveland, who died at Woburn, Massachusetts, January 9, 1701, is said to be the ancestor of all the " Cleavelands," or " Clevelands," in America who are of New

England origin. It has been written by an eminent antiquarian that the Clevelands of America have descended from William Cleve- land, who removed from York to Hinckley, in Leicestershire, England, where he died and was buried in January of 1630. Tiiomas Cleve- land, his son, became Vicar of Hinckley. William Cleveland also had a son, Samuel, and it appears that this Samuel Cleveland was the father of Moses Cleaveland, the emigrant to America in 1635. The name '■ Cleaveland " it appears is of Saxon origin, and was given to a distinguished family in Yorkshire, England, prior to the Norman conquest. The family occupied a large landed estate which was pecu- liarly marked by open fissures in its rocky soil, styled " clefts " or " cleves " by the Saxons, and by reason of the peculiarity of the estate its occupants were called " Clefttands," which name was accepted by the family. The name was written with every possible variety of orthog- raphy, and at last the almost universal spell- ing of "Cleveland" became established; but General Cleaveland never wrote liis name other than " Cleaveland.'"

Moses Cleveland, the parent tree of the fam- ily in America, landed at Boston in the year 1635, where he resided for seven years, and then, with Edwin Winn and others, founded the town of AYoburn, in 1640, and there he per- manently settled. In 1643 he became what was called a " freeman," the qualifications of which required that one should be of " godly walk and

CUYASOOA COL'NTT.

conversation, at least twentj'-one years of age. take an oath of allegiance to the governinent of Massachusetts Bay Colony, be worth two hun- dred pounds, and consent to hold office, if elected, or pay a line of forty shillings, and vote at all elections or pay the same fine." So onerous were these conditions and restrictions that many who were eligible preferred not to become freemen, being more free as they were; but Moses Cleveland, born of noble ancestry, became a freeman, and, thinking that the an- cestral blood in his veins was of superior quality, considered it proper that it should be trans- mitted; so after a brief courtship he wedded, in 1648, .Anne Winn, a daughter of his es- teemed friend, Edwin Winn. He became the father of eleven children, and from him have descended a race not only numerous but also noted for great moral worth and excellent traits of character. This worthy progenitor was a man of intelligence and great enterprise. He was a housewright, or builder, by trade.

Colonel Aaron Cleveland, the father of him whose name forms the caption of this personal memoir, served as a captain in the French and Indian war, and at Fort Edward was with his command in the winter of 1756-'57. He bore a conspicuous part in the struggles of the Kev- olution as a gallant soldier and efiBcient ofKcer. He witnessed Governor Tryon's assault upon Horse-neck, and the plunge of General Putnam down the steep bluff, as bullets from the bafSed dragoons whizzed by him, even piercing his hat. Colonel Cleveland lived to see the suc- cessful close of the war, and on the 14th day of April, 1785, died, at his native town.

He married, in Canterbury, June 7, 1748, Miss Thankful Paine, a woman of culture, who survived him many years, dying in 1822, at the age of eighty-nine years. They had ten chil- dren, of whom Moses was the second son and child.

When but a child Moses Cleaveland gave evi- dence of a strong mind and excellent traits of character, which fixed the determination of his parents to give him a liberal education. When

he arrived at the proper age they sent him to Yale College, where he graduated in 1777. His tastes and character of mind probably led him into the legal profession. At his native town he began the practice of law and very soon became a successful advocate. He gained prominence, and his abilities soon attracted public attention. In 1779 Congress recognized his merits by appointing him captain of a com- pany of sappers and miners in the United States army. Under this commission he served sev- eral years, and then resigned to take up again the practice of law. Subsequently he served several terms in the State Legislature, with dis- tinction. Aside from gaining prominence in his profession and as a legislator, he was also a prominent Mason, and was once Grand Marshal of the Grand Lodge of Connecticut.

In Canterbury, Connecticut, he married, March 21, 1794, Miss Esther Champion, daugh- ter of Henry Champion, Esq., by whom he had four children, named Mary Esther, Francis Moses, Frances Augusta and Julius Moses. Through the subordinate military grades he was promoted, and in the early part of 1796 he was advanced to the Generalship of the Fifth Brigade of the State militia.

As a colony, Connecticut acquired by grant from King Charles II., of England, in 1662, that vast tract of territory lying between the same parallels forming the northern and south- ern boundaries of the colony and extending from the Atlantic to the Pacific ocean. The geography of the king was bad, for in granting lands to the variotis colonies he gave conflicting grants, and upon the formation of the Federal government several States set claim to western territory. In 1786 Connecticut relinquished her claim, Congress allowing her to retain only that part of the territory now known as the " Western Reserve," and which embraces the northeastern part of Ohio, covering 3,800,000 acres. During the Revolution there were many citizens who had suffered great losses of prop- erty by fire, and in 1792 Connecticut donated to such citizens 500,000 acres of this land.

CU YAHOO A COUNTY.

afterward known as tlie "fire lands;" and in 1795 the State autliorized the sale of the re- maining part of the Western Reserve, and a committee to effect the sale was appointed. The " Connecticut Land Company " became the purchasers, paying the price of $1,200,000, which became a permanent fund for the sup- port of common sciiools in Connecticut.

To look after the interests of this company there was appointed a board of general man- agers, among whom was Moses Cleaveland, who was a shareholder in the land company. This board of directors, on the 12th of May, 1796, commissioned General Cleaveland to go on to said land as superintendent over the agents and men sent to survey, and make locations on the lands, and to make and enter into friendly rela- tions with the natives on the land, and their neighbors. He was also instructed to secure such friendly intercourse amongst those who had any pretended claim to the lands as would establish peace, quiet and safety in the survey- ing and settling of such lands also as were not ceded by the natives under the authority of the United States. To accomplish this work he was authorized and empowered to act and transact the business by making contracts and to make such drafts on the treasury as might be necessary. The commission also placed under his directions all agents and men sent out to survey and settle the lands. Thus it is seen that to the skill, judgment and tact of General Cleaveland was completely left the management of the affairs of tiie company.

The Western Reserve was then called " New Connecticut," and into the wilds of this terri- tory General Cleaveland led the first surveying and exploring party. This party numbered fifty persons, of whom there were General Cleaveland, land agent; Augustus Porter, prin- cipal surveyor; Seth Pease, astronomer and surveyor; Moses Warren, Amos Spaflord, John M. Holley, and Richard M. Stoddard, assistant surveyors; Joshua Stow, commissary; Theodore Shipherd, physician; Joseph Tinker, boatman; Seth Hart, chaplain ; thirty-seven employes and

a few immigrants. In tlie party there were but two women, and they were married and came with their husbands. Along with them the party brought to tlie wilds of the Western Reserve thirteen horses and several head of cat- tle, of whicb a few of the party took charge, and started out on their trip from Schenectady, New York, where the whole party had concen- trated in June, 1796. Others of tlie expedi- tion, including General Cleaveland, passed by boats up the Mohawk river to Fort Stannix (now Rome), where they transfeired their boats over the portage to Wood creek, down which they passed to Oneida lake, thence over the lake and its outlets to Oswego river and on to Lake Ontario. Passing in their boats along the southern shore of Ontario, they reached the mouth of the Niagara river, up which they passed to Queenstown; they then crossed the seven-mile portage to Chippewa; then, again ascending the Niagara, passed into Lake Erie and on to Buffalo, where they joined tiiose of their party who had gone by land, in charge of the horses and cattle.

At Buffalo General Cleaveland was greeted by an opposition from a delegation of Seneca and Mohawk Indians, under Red Jacket and Colonel Brant, who in anticipation of his arrival had awaited him for the purpose of preventing him from progressing on his expedition to the Western Reserve, to which territory they set claim. The Indians, however, consented to hold a conference with General Cleaveland, who was successful in quieting their claims by pre- senting them with goods valued at about $1,200.

Along the southeastern shore of Lake Erie the expedition was continued, and on the 4th of July, 1796, the mouth of Conneaut creek, in the Western Reserve, was reached. Here the party gave evidence of joy and patriotism by giving three deafening cheers and naming the place Port Independence, and the day and event were likewise appropriately celebrated. The American flag fanned the breezes, a bountiful dinner of baked pork and beans and other luxuries was spread, their muskets were fired in

CO YAHOO A COUNTY.

salute, and speeches were made. The shades of night closed a day of celebration, the first of it kind to occur on the Western Reserve.

The next day these pioneers built a log cabin or so for the immediate accommodation of the party and their supplies. This occasioned in- quisitivcness on the part of the Indians in the vicinity, who sought to know why white men had encroached upon their domains. A coun- cil was provided for and General Cleaveland as the " Great White Chief " was the " chair- man;" and the work of the council began with smoking the " pijie of peace." An address to the "Great AVhite Chief" was delivered by Cato, the son of the old Indian chief, Piqua. The Indians were conciliated by gifts of a few glass beads and a keg of whiskey, and the work of the surveyors was begun, each detachment of surveyors being assigned special work and in- structed where to begin their survey by General Cleaveland.

During the next few weeks General Cleave- land, with a select few of his staff in boats, passed along the shore of Lake Erie to what he supposed was the mouth of the Cuyahoga river, but in an attempt to ascend the river found obstructions in the way of sandbars and fallen trees, and the water being shallow he became convinced that it was not the Cuyahoga river; and such was his chagrin that the name " Cha- grin " was given to the stream, by which it has since been known.

July 22d of the same year (1796) he reached the Cuyahoga river and landed on the eastern bank near its mouth. He and his staff ascended the steep bank, and for the first time they be- held a beautiful and elevated plain extending to the east, west and south, and covered with a dense forest of graceful trees. This beautiful plain, touched by the Cuyahoga river on the west and Lake Erie on the north, impressed him as being a favorable site for a city, no doubt to become of great commercial impor- tance. An area of one square mile was sur- veyed and laid off in city lots.

In October, 1796, the surveys were com- pleted by the surveyors, who gave to the pros- pective city the name " Cleaveland," in honor of their chief, who accepted the compliment with characteristic modesty. Three log cabins for the accommodation of the surveyors were erected on the hillside near the river and a spring pouring forth an abundant supply of water.

In 1796 four souls constituted the resident population of Cleveland; in 1797 the population increased to fifteen, and in 1800 it was reduced to seven by removals elsewhere. In 1820 one hundred and fifty people lived in Cleveland, and in 1830 the first census taken by the United States showed it to have a population of 1,075. The completion of the Ohio canal, with its northern terminus at Cleveland, gave better commercial advantages to the place, and, giving confidence also, assured the city's future pros- perity.

In 1830 the first newspaper was established in Cleveland, and was known as the Cleaveland Advertiser; but so small was the sheet that in order to give room for the " heading," which was too long for the " form," the letter " a " in the first syllable of the word " Cleaveland " was dropped and thus the adoption of the spelling " Cleveland," which the public at once accepted.

Within less than a century the city of Cleve- land has grown to such gigantic proportions as to now possess a population of 300,000, and this beautiful city that inherits the name of its founder cherishes his memory with a pride that approaches reverence. In honor of him and in appreciation of his character and public services the city has erected on its beautiful public square a statue to his memory. The accom- panying portrait of General Moses Cleaveland is from a likeness said to be an excellent one of him.

In his bearing General Cleaveland was manly and dignified. He wore such a sedate look that strangers often took him for a clergyman. He had a somewhat swarthy complexion, which in- duced the Indians to believe him akin to their

CUYAUOGA UOUN'JiY.

own race. He bad black bair, quick and pene- trating eyes. Pie was of medium lieight, erect, thick-set and portly,and was of muscular limbs and his step was of a military air, all of which indicated that he was born to be a leader of men. He was a man of few words and of prompt action. The rigid, pure morality of his puritan fathers characterized this good man. He did not only achieve a great work in the founding of a great city, but many were his achievements and an honorable and useful life he lived. In life he had a purpose and lived for a purpose. He was of a decisive character, positive and lirm, yet socially he was both pleasant and agreeable, and was everybody's friend, and everybody seemed to be his friend. He was of strong courage and amid threatening dangers he was as calm as he was shrewd in his tactics and management. He died at Canter- bury, Connecticut, November 16, 1806, at the age of fifty-three years. He was born to lead a career of unusual interest, and his commission was to transform a wilderness into a civilized land.

jILLIAMH. HUMISTOX,M. D.— One

of the most exacting of all the higher lines of occupation to which a man may lend his energies is that of a physician. A most scrupulous preliminary training is de- manded and a nicety of judgment little under- stood by the laity. Then again the profession brings one of its devotees into almost constant association with the sadder side of life — that of pain and suffering — so that a mind capable of great self-control and a heart responsive and sympathetic are essential attributes of him who would essay the practice of the healing art. Thus when professional success is attained in any instance it may be taken as certain that such measure of success has been thoroughly merited.

The subject of this refiume, who ranks with the eminent and successful practitioners of Cleveland, was born in Wellington, Lorain

county, Ohio, July 27, 1855, the son of Henry D. and Miranda L. (Davison) Humiston, who are now residents of New Haven, Connecticut, and from prominent NeW England ancestry. The family is of Scotch, Irish and English e.x- traction and Great Barrington, Berkshire county, Massachusetts, was the abiding place of the lineal descendants for many generations.

Onr subject grew to maturity and received hi.s preliminary educational training in Lorain and Wayne counties, Ohio. His supplementary literary education was secured in Wayne county and at Worthington, Minnesota. From Worth- ington he went to the University of Michigan, where he passed two years as assistant to Cory- don L. Ford, professor of anatomy. He then went with Professor Ford to the Long Island College Hospital, New York, where he se- cured the highest honors with the graduating class of 1879, and was soon thereafter tendered the position of house surgeon, simply upon merit.

The Doctor began the practice of his profes- sion in the city of Cleveland in the fall of 1879, and his enterprise and marked ability soon se- cured recognition in the way of bringing to him a large and representative clientele. In the spring subsequent to his location here he was elected a member of the Board of Health, being the youngest representative in that important body. In this capacity he served for six years, when his health became impaired. He went abroad for a season of recuperation and for the purpose of further prosecuting his studies and especially pressing forward his investigations in the line of gynecology. He was absent two years, which time was passed in London, Paris, Berlin, Vienna and Dublin. In 1887 he was made a fellow of the British Gynecological Society, and also of the British Medical Asso- ciation. After his return to his home he opened a private hospital for the treatment of the diseases of women, with especial attention to those disorders which demand the interven- tion of surgeiy. He is still conducting this hospital, which is located at No. 874 Scranton avenue.

CU-TAHOOA COUNTY.

Dr. Huiiiiston is president of the Cleveland Medical Society, a member of the American Medical Association, of the Ohio State Medical Society, of the Cleveland Society of Medical Sciences and the Northeastern Ohio Medical Association, consulting gynecologist to the City Hospital and vice-president of the Hospital Staff.

In social and fraternal affiliations the Doctor is identified with I. O. O. F., with that notal)le organization, tiie First Cleveland Troops, and with the Union Club. He is vice president of the Pearl Street Loan and Savings Company.

He was married at Circleville, Ohio, in 1884, when he wedded Miss Harriet Miller, the ac- complished daughter of Adam Miller, a promi- nent resident of that place. Dr. and Mrs. Hum- iston have two children: Florence L. and Will- iam T. The attractive family home is located at 10i7 East Madison avenue, and the Doctor also has a very delightful summer cottage at Dover Bay Park.

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r\ EV. F. WESTERHOLT, who is pastor of the St. Peter's (German) Catholic Church of Cleveland, was born in West- plalia, Germany, May 31, 1827, and has been Rector of the above church for twenty-six years, having become its pastor in 1867. Rev. Westerholt is the son of Hermann H. and Ger- trude (Panning) Westerholt. His father died in 1829, at the age of forty-nine years, and his mother died at the age of fifty-seven years. Having lost his mother when a child, he was subsequently induced to come to Cleveland, by an uncle, a brother of his mother, and here he lived from 1851 to 1855. He became a priest in Defiance in that year, and remained there for three years, and during this time he had nine missions. In 1858 he went to Delphos, Allen county, Ohio, where he remained nine and a half years, and had one large congregation of over 300 families, besides several missions. Before coming to America Rev. Westerholt had received a fair education in Germany, but on coming to this counti-y he completed his eccle-

siastical education at St. Mary's Theological Seminary. For a time he lived with his uncle, G. H. Panning, in Mercer coiinty, Ohio, during which time he taught one term in the Catholic schools of that county.

He was ordained priest, July 8, 1855, and from Delphos, Ohio, he returned to Cleveland to become pastor of St. Peter's Church and Vicar General. He was installed in this position Jan- uary 16, 1868, the successor of Rev. J. H. Luhr, the first pastor, and has retained the rectorship of this church from that date to this.

In 1S69 Rev. Westerholt accompanied Right Rev. Bishop Rappe to Rome, Italy, to assist in the Vatican Council, as companion of Bishop Rappe. Before returning to America a visit was paid Egypt and the Holy Land, many places of historic importance being visited. In June, 1870, they returned to America and at once Rev. Westerholt resumed his duties as pastor at Cleveland.

On taking charge of the parish in 1868 the congregation was small and the house of wor- ship was inferior; now the congregation is one of the largest, and the church building is one of the best in the State of Ohio. At first the con- gregation consisted of about 200 families; now there are over 600 families.

Rev. Westerholt was the originator of the St. Francis (German) Catholic Church on Superior street near Becker avenue, and has done much efiectual work in the upbuilding of the Catholic Church in Cleveland. When he first came to Cleveland there were but two little frame church buildings of their church in the city; now there are twenty-nine flourishing congregations, all having good church buildings. He was the one to introduce in Cleveland the Sisters of Notre Dame, who have an academy here. It is remembered that their work was highly praised and admired at the World's Fair at Chicago. In tlie success of introducing the Sisters of Notre Dame in Cleveland Father Westerholt can take just pride, for they have done much good for education in the city. Since 1870 he has had an assistant.

CUTAHOOA COUNT T.

Fatlier Westerholt is one of the oldest and most worthy fathers in the Catiiolic Church of Cleveland. He has noted remarl<able changes and a marvelous growth in his church, indica- tive of hard work and successful laborers, in which .he has always taken just pride. He has served his church longer, in point of time, than any father now in tlie city. He is a man of worth and is highly esteemed for many ster- ling qualities of head and heart.

TlOHN WALKER. — Longfellow wrote: b-, I "We judge ourselves by what we feel cap- ^^ able of doing, while others judge us by what we have already done." If this golden sentence of the New England poet were universally ap- plied, many a man who is now looking out of himself with haughty stare down upon the noble toilers on land and sea, sneering at tlie omission of the aspirate, the cut of his neighbor's coat, or the humbleness of his dwelling, would be voluntarily doing penance in sackcloth and ashes, at the end of which he would handle a spade, or, with pen in hand, burn the midnight oil in his study, in the endeavor to make two blades of grass grow where only one grew be- fore, or to widen the bounds of liberty, or to accelerate the material and spiritual progress of his race.

A bright example of one of the world's workers, is the man w*hose name introduces this biographical sketch. Mr. AValker was born in old England, in the broad-acred county of York- shire, noted for its hospitality. The date of his birth was August 3, 1847, and the town Middlesborough-on Tees. His father, James Walker, was a son of a blacksmith and was born August, 1824, in the factory town of Keighley, Yorkshire. He was one of six brothers, all mechanics. James Walker was a plain iron founder, who could sleek a mold, fix a core, pour a casting, or make a contract as well as any man in tlie iron districts of England. He died at Middlesboroiigh, January 6, 1877.

His mother, Jane Walker, was born Septem- ber 25, 1828, near Newcastle-on-Tyne, but the family left their old homestead, about the year 1832 for the new town of Middlesborough, which Gladstone about that time described as " the youngest child of England's enterprise," and which to-day is known throughout the world as the Ironopolis of England. Her father was a potter by trade, and an enthusiastic musician and prominent Oddfellow, until the time of his death, November 27, 1850. Her mother died sixteen years later. Jane Walker was a true and devoted wife, and has proved an affectionate mother and friend. James and Jane Walker were married December 31, 1846, at St. Hilda's Church, Middlesborough ou-Tees, Yorkshire, England. Mr. Walker is the only child of these estimable parents. The son was educated first in a common school and after a course of study in the private academy of Thomas Ainsworth, a teacher of the old regime, he served seven years and a half apprenticeship in the workshops of Bolckow, Vaughan & Com- pany, the largest iron concern in the world, with a capital of 115,500,000.

Although twenty-four winters have come and gone since Mr. Walker crossed the Atlantic to seek his fortune under the " Stars and Stripes," the happy customs of his native land have not forsaken him, for his present residence and grounds, near the southern shore of Lake Erie, is the scene every Fourth of July of a great gathering of English folk from all sections of northern Ohio, and Sous of St. George from all parts of the State ever find a hearty welcome in his hospitable home. Esteemed for qualities of heart and mind alike, Mr. Walker is to-day one of the most popular Americans of English stock in this country.

Upon coming to the United States he settled in Philadelphia, and for a time was in the em- ploy of William Sellers & Company, where he invented his famous Gear Scale, for setting out graphically the form of teeth for gear wheels. Subsequently Mr. Walker was connected with William AVright & Company, of Newburc, New

CUYAllOOA COUNTY.

York; tlicii with Pool & Ilnnt of Baltimore, iinii later with Nordjke tfc Marinon of Imlian- ajiolis.

In tlie year 1SS2 it became his purpose to organize a compaiiy for tlie manufacture of specialties under his own patent rights. lie was snccessful in interesting tlie following gentlemen: J. B. Perkins; Gen. M. D. Leggett, now a prominent attorney of Cleveland, who was Commissioner of Patents under General Grant; Hon. George W. Gardner, cx-niayor of Cleveland; Mr. H. T. Taylor, Mr. T. Kil- patrick, and others. A company was formed September 20, 1882, and to-day that com- pany has a world-wide reputation as " The Walker Manufactiirinir Company " of the city of Cleveland.

Mr. Walker has quite a genius for mechanics, combined with remarkable executive ability. It was five years after the organization of the above named company that he brought out the great invention with which his name has been identified, and for which the Walker Manufac- turing Company is specially renowned. This invention was conceived by Mr. Walker as the result of his observations in the Cable Power House in Kansas City, Missouri, where he was watchin£f the sparks Hying from the winding drums, due to the friction of the cables. To him the question arose how this disastrous wear and tear could be prevented. He at once con- ceived the idea of a drum with differential rings, and straightway proceeded to his room in the Coates Hotel, where he made a drawing of this conception, a photograph of which may be seen at the works of the Walker IVIanufacturing Company. This company are makers of cable railway machinery, machine molded gears and pulleys. Walker's patent cranes, and general power-transmitting machinery, etc. J. B. Per- kins is president of the company; John Walker, vice-president and general jnanager; Z. M. Hubbell, secretary and treasurer; and W. H. Bone, works Tnanager. The company was in- corporated in 1882, with a capital of ^125,000. The works were at once established, and en-

tered upon a career of unusual prosperity. It was soon found that, in order to meet the rapidly growing demands upon their resources, the establishment must be enlarged. In accord- ance with this need, the company purchased, in 1886, the entire plant of the Whipple Manu- facturing Company, adjoining their original works. They rebuilt, repaired and refitted the shops, thus nearly doubling their manu- facturing capacity. Since then, an im- mense machine shop and foundry have been built and equipped with massive machinery for finishing heavy work. Over 600 hands are employed in all departments, and their produc- tions are sold throughout the United States and in all parts of the civilized world. This company has built and put in operation cable machinery for the Metropolitan Street Railway Company, Kansas City, Missouri; St. Louis Cable & Western Railway, St. Louis, same State; AVashington it Georgetown Railroad Co., W^ashington, D. C; People's Railway Com- pany, St. Louis, Missouri; Baltimore City Pas- senger Railway Company, Baltimore, Mary- land; Catskill Mountain Cable Railway Com- pany, Catskill, New York; Cleveland City Cable Railway Company, Cleveland, Ohio, and others, making twenty complete cable plants in all.

Besides this special work, they manufactured a full line of hydraulic machinery, traveling cranes, foundry equipment, etc., and make a specialty of shafting, pulleys, hangers, and machine molded gears; mostly produced under Mr. Walker's patents, which up to date (18<J3) number sixty-two, and to whose skill the phen- omenal success of this concern is mainly due. Mr. Walker is the inventor of the patent mold- ing machine used by the company, by means of which are produced large quantities of light and heavy gears, of improved design and ac- curate pitch, and much more rapidly than by any other process.

Prior to the year 1888 Mr. Walker's time and genius had been almost exclusively devoted to the liuilding up of an engineering business.

CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

the interesting story of which is told above, and which will be welcome to all who can ap- preciate hard work and that indomitable per- severance which have practically made the Eng- lish race the masters of the world.

So far as Mr. Walker's business career is concerned, we have indicated enough to give a clear conception of his well earned snccess. There are other features, however, of his career in life to which we proudly call attention. In 1887 transpired the world-wide celebration of the Queen's jubilee. The British-American citizens of Cleveland, and the joint committee of the English, Scotch, Welsh and Manx so- cieties, looking around for a worthy representa- tive of old England, selected John Walker, the rising manufacturer, as chairman. His tine presence, honest English face, hearty manner, unblemished record and growing popularity, eminently fitted him for this position, and the souvenir and newspaper records of that time indicate the wisdom of the choice, for a more brilliant celebration was not held outside the British isles, English and American alike, vying with each other in doing honor to the noble queen of England. Mr. Walker retains with pride the following telegram:

" WiNDSOE, England, June 27, 1887. "Mr. John Walker, Cleveland, Ohio:— The Queen thanks the British and American residents of Cleveland for their kind telegram."

From that royal time Mr. Walker lias been regarded as the foremost representative of the English community in Cleveland, with its 300,000 inhabitants.

When Past Grand President Harry Phipps requested Mr. Walker to join the Order Sons of St. George he unhesitatingly consented, and was initiated into Albion Lodge, No. 44, Feb- ruary 6, 1888. November 4, 1889, he was publicly presented by the members of the Albion Lodge, Xo. 44, with an illuminated certificate of the order, elegantly framed, as a token of respect and esteem; and, although the responsibilities of the immense industry bear-

ing his name have prevented regular attend- ance at the lodge meetings, his means and in- fluence are always at the service of the seven lodges in Cleveland; in fact, his name is a house- hold word in the English-American homes of the city, for many a forlorn countryman in need of help has found John Walker a true Samaritan.

The story of General Walker's career in the I Army of Uniformed Sir Knights has Ijeen told ; with such minutife in the columns of news- papers and journals that it is needless to re- capitulate them in detail in this brief mention j of his honorable life. His appointment to the I command of the Ohio Division in February, I 1892, his unanimons election to the post of Lientenant-General, commanding the Army, on October 18, 1892, at the Detroit General Military Council; his great triumph at Chicago in 1893 in bringing about the unification of the divided forces of the army, are all as a pleasant tale. If he has achieved nothing more than the nnity of the brotherhood in the bonds of peace, he has done a work that will redound to his honor and renown in the history of this organ- ization. It must be admitted that General Walker is a leader of ability and great executive power. He has a magnetic power of drawing to his standard men of real worth and ability, a fact which is a powerful testimony to his ster- ling character, and when to this is added the splendid record of self-sacrificing work done by Mr. Walker, it is fitting not only that he has been elevated to the important post of Lieu- tenant-General, commanding the Army of the Uniformed Sir Knights, Order Sons of St. George, but that he has been elevated in the highest esteem, confidence and deference of his fellow citizens.

Mr. Walker married Rose Hannah Calvert, of Further Gate, Blackburn, Lancashire, Eng- land, on September 21, 1867. Mrs. Walker was born September, 184.5. Her father, Benjamin Calvert, was a cotton power-loom weaver. In 1891 Mr. Walker and his family made a three- months tour in Europe, visiting London, Paris,

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and other famous continental cities. The pleas- ant feature of the tour was the joy with which they were greeted and the public receptions given in their honor in the towns of Blackburn, Lancashire and Middlesborough, where Mr. Walker spent his happy youthful days, all evi- dencing that he came here with a clean record. While in Blackburn, England, he laid a memo- rial stone for a new Methodist school, an exten- sion of the one he attended twenty-four years previously. A mallet with a suitable inscrip- tion on a silver plate was presented as a souvenir of the occasion.

Mr. and Mrs. Walker are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church of Cleveland, and contribute largely of their means and influence to the cause of church, as well as of education.

We oifer the above as a brief review of the achievements of General "Walker as an American citizen, as a Son of St. George and Uniformed Sir Knight, to which is added his achievements as a mechanical engineer, and all is a heritage which any man can hand down to his children with pardonable pride.

, RESTES C. PINNEY, one of the most prominent attorneys of the Forest City, is also one of the most prominent citizens of northern Ohio. To pursue a chronological order in giving our brief sketch of him, we will first state that his father was a native of New England, born in West Farmington, Connecti- cut, in 1805. In ISBi, with his wife and two children, he emigrated to Ohio, coming with an ox team. In 1840 he located on 100 acres of land in Hart's Grove, Ashtabula county, which place was at the time a dense forest excepting that one acre had been partially cleared; and this point was his home until his death, when he M'as seventy-four years of age.

Uis father, the grandfather of Orestes, was a Captain in the Revolutionary war, whose brother was a Lieutenant in the same contest.

Mr. Orestes C. Pinney, the youngest of his parents' nine children, was born April 27, 1851, reared on the farm and attended the Geneva (Ohio) Normal School. Leaving the farm in Hart's Grove in the autumn of 1867, he was employed a few days in the erection of a mill- dam at Windsor Mills in Ashtabula county, and spent the remainder of that fall digging po- tatoes iu Harpersfield and Madison, and earned besides his board $47.90. The ensuing winter he taught the Wheeler Creek public school in Geneva, four months, earning besides his ijoard $100. From this start he continued his educa- tion, taking up the study of the higher branches, without a teacher, and also studying law, till he was admitted to practice at the bar, in Septem- ber, 1873. He immediately opened an otKce at Geneva, where he practiced his chosen profession until February, 1890, when he accepted an oti'er to become the First Deputy in the United States Customs office at Cleveland, which posi- tion he held for a year and ten months, resign- ing to resume the practice of law in this city. Soon he entered the law office of Harvey D. Goulder, where he remained fifteen months, and then opened an office independently in the Perry- Payne building, where he is now practic- ing his profession, with success.

In 1876 he was united in marriage with Miss Grace P. Cowdery, of Perry county, Ohio, and they have three sons, their pride and their joy.

'Jr^j UFUS WAY SMITH, landscape, marine r^' and animal painter, was born in Bedford, 11 ¥i Cuyahoga county, Ohio, May 26, 1840. V His father, Dr. Alvah Smith, married

Mary Hamblin Way, from whom the subject of this sketch takes his middle name. On the father's side his ancestry were of Revolutionary stock, his grandfather having served honorably throucrh the entire war for independence, — entering the service at the age of sixteen, pass-

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ing throngli the terrible winter at Valley Forge, and being present at the surrender at Yorktown, Virginia.

Another ancestor on the father's side left England in 1643, because of his adherence to liberal principles in regard to church and State, settling in the colony of Massachusetts. His father's mother, whose maiden name was Chloe Van Iluysen, was from Holland, a member of her family having been an artist of eminence; and through her it is probable that Mr. Smith inherits his artistic talent. She was a woman of refinement and rare culture for those days, as is shown by evidences in the possession of the family, speaking and writing both lier own and other languages with ability. On both sides Mr. Smith's parents were from New Eng- land, his mother having settled in the Connecti- cut Western Ileserve in 1S14, and his father in 1828.

They removed to Cleveland in 1850, and the son entered the studio of the late Jarvis F. Hanks, an artist of considerable local repute at that time, and personally standing very high among his fellows. Here were passed many pleasant, happy days, drawing from the flat and from the antique, varied now and then by paint- grinding, brush-washing and other drudgery incidental to "life in an artist's attic." But the death of his teacher and kind friend prevented at that time his further study of art; and the removal of his parents to Cincinnati, where educational advantages were supposed to be superior, and the determination of his father that his son must begin life with a good educa- tion, placed many years between the boy's first efforts toward art and his subsequent renewal of those studies.

After leaving Cincinnati the family settled in Bedford once more, and at the age of fourteen Rufus entered Twinsburg Institute. After a year there he went to Hiram College, in which the late President James A. Garfield was a pro- fessor, whom to know was to love and revere. Here the grand manhood of Garfield served as an inspiration, and to his brave and cheering

words, his forceful, clear and logical teaching, Mr. Smith ascribes very much that has been most truly serviceable to him in the battle of life.

While at college he began writing for publi- cation, contributing a number of articles to the Cleveland Plaindealer, then edited by J. W. Gray, and upon which Charles F. Browne ("Ar- temns Ward") was an editorial writer, and later to the Cleveland Herald, before its consolidation with the Leader. When nineteen years old Mr. Smith went to Illinois and taught school; was ofl'ered the position of head master in the semi- nary then flourishing at Lake Zurich, which he declined, fearing that it would interfere with the line of study he had marked out for him- self, and possibly induce him to continue life on a pathway entirely different from that which he wished to walk. Somewhat subsequent to this, while still in Lake county, he was offered the nomination for School Coramissroner, which also he declined, on the score of youth.

During his last year at school, and while teaching, he had procured law-books and read them as chance offered, having been led to this field by the advice of friends who believed him possessed of very marked ability in that direc- tion.

December 13, 1860, he married Miss Martha A. White, of Bedford; and now the urgency of new duties hindered to some extent his legal studies; but after a time he entered his name as a student in the oflSce of the Hon. William Slade, Jr., and Hon. N. B. Sherwin, and also in the Ohio State and Union Law College, then under the presidency of the late General John Crowell. Mr. Slade's absence in Europe as consul to Nice, and the taking of oflSce by Mr. Sherwin, made it necessary to seek another opening, and he entered the office of the late Albert T. Slade, one of the finest men and among the first lawyers then at the bar. Here again the "exigencies of war" interfered with study; but on the 28th of June, 1864, after a most thorough examination by a committee ap- pointed by the District Court then sitting at Newark, he was admitted to the bar of Ohio;

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and Mr. Smith feels a justifiable pride in the fact that one of that committee was the Hon. Allen G. Thurman.

After acting as Deputy Clerk of the Court of Common Pleas of Cuyahoga county for a year or more, he '-hung out his shingle" as an attor- ney, and 80 continued until his love for art be- came a force too potent to be resisted, and against the warmest remonstrances of his friends he abandoned the law, — " not that he loved Ctesar less, but that he loved Rome more."

During his legal studies and practice he had written occasionally for the Cleveland Herald, the Rural New Yorker, and the Nation during its first year; but his first and true love was art, and under its influence he relinquished a career already quite assured for one that was new and untried, and in which failure would be disgrace, — this, too, at a time in life when many a man would have faltered, and perhaps looked long- ingly back to the known and certain; but, hav- ing made the decision and started, there has been no moment in which he has liesitated or felt tempted to return.

With the exception of two years' study in Philadelphia and New York, Mr. Smith is en- tirely self-taught, as are many of the best Amer- ican artists. Nature has been liis inspiration.

It might be interesting if we could recite the story of the sadness of these days of struggle, — the fatigues and failures, — the heartaches, and his determination to win against it all, and the final "coming out of bondage;" but Mr. Smith reserves these episodes, feeling that, if through them all there runs a thread of pathos, it is no more, perhaps, than is common to many lives, nor more pathetic than the events "inci- dent to the venture" usually are when one "swaps horses while leaping with them over a stream." Viewed from his present position, however, there is miich sunshine and gladness: there certainly are no regrets, even though so many days were dark.

Among the first works of tliis artist which attracted the favorable notice of the critics while on exhibition in Philadelphia, was "The

Old Mill," illustrating a verse or two from the ballad of Ben Bolt, one notice of which closed as follows: "This picture, painted by Mr. Rufus Way Smith, is one of the most perfect idealizations of landscape that can be found, — at least such is the opinion of connoisseurs and art critics of note. Indeed, for graceful draw- ing, strong but fine grouping and a wonderful vividness of color that is yet without a glaring element, it cannot be excelled."

After returning to Cleveland Mr. Smith devoted himself almost exclusively to landscapes for some years, but finally turned his attention to animals, more especially sheep, and with such decided success that he is now best known in that line. Many of his pictures are owned in New York, Boston, Philadelphia, Washington, Rochester, Toledo, St. Louis, Chicago and other cities, but chiefly in the city of his residence, where their possessors are among the most refined and wealthy people, — such as Mrs. President Gar- field, Hon. R. C. Parsons, Hon. Charles A. Otis, Hon. C. C. Baldwin, Hon. William E. Sherwood, Hon. B. D. Babcoek, George Hoyt, W. P. Soiithworth, Hon. W. S. Streator, H. C. Rannev, Hon. Rufus P. Ranney, Dudley Bald- win, Colonel Myron T. Herrick, Hon. John C Covert, James B. Morrow, Samuel B. Mather, Levi T. Schofield, Richard Bacon, Hon. James D. Cleveland, E. I. Baldwin, John D. Rocke- feller, Professor Cady Staley, Professor Potwin, Professor C. F. Olney, William Bowler, Hon. John Huntington and scores of others.

Mr. Smith was also connected for one year with the Western Reserve School of Design for Women, as teacher of landscape painting, and delivered a series of lectures before the school upon the more practical methods in art. In 1884 he was appointed by President Arthur as one of the Art Commissioners of Ohio for the New Orleans World's Fair and Cotton Centen- nial.

His work has been exhibited at the galleries of the American Art Association, the New York Water-Color Club, Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts, and at the various expositions

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about the country whenever the demands of his patronage would permit. For a year or more he was the art editor for "Town Topics," his articles gaining for him flattering recognition as a critic, showing discriminating and analyti- cal powers of a high order.

During his summer trips to the coast of Maine, the island of Nantucket, and along the shores of New England, in search of motifs for his more important works, he has found time for a pleasurable indulgeisce iu literature, con- tributing a poem now and then to the Ladies' Home Journal of Philadelphia, and as an hon- ored special correspondent of the Cleveland Leader, to the columns of which he has always found a generous welcome.

In speaking of Mr. Smith's work in art we could hardly do better than to quote the words of a recent critique upon them:

"His last, however, upon which unusual thought and care have been expended, will be recognized as a great study by those who appre- ciate the quiet sentiment and poetry of nature. His pictures are not noticeable for size, strange, far-fetched scenes, or for unusual and odd methods of treatment; but they are noticeable and wonderful for their simplicity, sincerity and beauty, and in these days of temptation, noise, hurry and want of study in art a man is remarkable who resolutely sets himself through years of patient waiting and labor to express any good purpose. To this object Mr. Smith has devoted himself; and, since deciding to make a specialty of expressing the subtle and 7nysterious sentiment of out-door nature, the ajiproval that has met his efforts speaks volumes for his present and for his future."

Mr. Smitli possesses a "scrap-book" filled with favorable notices of his work, clipped from the Philadelphia Press, the New York Graphic, the New York Sun and other journals, M'hich he prizes very highly.

In personal appearance Mr. Smith is of medium height, with broad shoulders, a well- shaped head, with extra depth from the high forehead to the base of the brain, dark-hazel

eyes which light magically when in the pr of congenial friends or when inspired by some theme of interest, brown hair and moustache tinged with gray, mobile lips moderately full but expressive, and a chin which shows a firm will and unlimited perseverance.

Among his personal characteristics are: Sin- cerity, appearing to be almost an assumption of brusqueness to those who do not know him well; an intense hatred of all shams, social or otherwise; a detestation of cant and bigotry; an absolute devotion to those friends who are worthy; and a decided tendency to liberalism in thought, believing that others may hold opinions in opposition to his own and yet be sincere. He does not "wear his heart upon his sleeve," and therefore has never made — has never cared to make — a multitude of summer friends; but those he has made are among the chosen few who know him as he is; and these friendships have been beatitudes: they are firm and eternal.

flOHN WALWORTH and ASHBEL W. K I WALWORTH.— The student of Western ^^ Reserve history finds frequent mention of the Walworths, father and son, and always with some honorable and useful connection. The former, Judge John Walworth, was one of the strong and venturesome men who came to the wilderness of Ohio in the early days of the present century and gave the moral, independ- ent and cultured bias that has been the predomi- nant feature of this section of the State. New England education and practical sagacity were the weapons with which such men worked, and the results have been seen in the rapid growth and commanding influence ever held by the Reserve in State and national affairs.

The son, Ashbel W. Walworth, was a worthy successor of a noble sire and added new honor to a good name. In this record of the strong men who laid such good foundations and built so well thereon, the lives of father and son fit

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in so well together that the story of the two can best be told as one. The family is of English descent and can trace its line of ancestry back to Sir William Walworth, Lord Mayor of Lon- don in 13SI, who was knigiited by Richard IL for striking down the rebel "Wat Tyler. The first named of the family mentioned in America was William Walworth, a descendant of the above, who came from London to this country at the close of the seventeenth century and set- tled on Fisher's island as a tenant of Governor Wiuthrop. The numerous incursions of Captain Kidd, the pirate, npon the unprotected islands and coasts made his residence unsafe and he re- moved to Connecticut. John "Walworth, one of his direct descendants, was of Connecticut birth and was born on June 10, 1765. He was mar- ried to Jnlianna Morgan, of Xew London, and in 1800 came to Ohio, where he had previously located and purchased a farm at the mouth of the Grand river, now known as Fairport, four miles north of Painesville. That point then promised to bo a better place of investment than Cleveland, the excellence of the harbor leading to the expectation that it would be of more sig- nal growth and might become the foundation of a great city.

The early settlers were so near the stirring scenes of '76 that they never forgot their patri- otism, and the anniversary of the Declaration of American Independence was celebrated with more fervor in the early days of the century than is displayed in these later times. In 1801 the first Fourth of July outburst ever noted in Painesville occurred at the residence of John "Walworth. He had purchased a tract of land embracing near 1,000 acres, and out of this had selected about 300 acres as a farm for his own use, where he erected a log cabin on the high bank immediately overlooking Grand River. It was in this cabin that the people of all the neighboring country decided to hold their patri- otic celebration.

A. W. Walworth was born in Stonington, Connecticut, on December 6, 1790, and was consequently ten years of age when the long

western trip was made to Ohio. He remembered it distinctly and took great pleasure in after years in narrating incidents connected there- with. He was naturally apt and ready, and be- gan at an early age to be of help to his father in the many public trusts that devolved upon him, gaining in this way an experience that was of the utmost value to him when compelled to carry public responsibilities of his own in later years.

The year of John "\\^alworth's arrival in Ohio, 1800, was one of no small importance, as it saw the settlement in this section of a number of men of commanding strength and influence and the forward movement along a number of lines of progress, ilr. Walworth settled at Fairport, Edward Paine located at Painesville, Benjamin Tappan at Unionville and Ephraim Quinby at Warren. Being a man of good education, sound judgment and good address, Mr. Wal- worth soon found himself one of the leading spirits of the community, and his physical strength was not such as would permit him to undergo the severe labors of a farm in a new country at a time when labor-saving machinery had not been heard of. He therefore naturally drifted into public life. He filled many posi- tions of trust with signal fidelity and in such a manner as to gain for him the unquestioned praise and respect of the community. A num- ber of the commissions issued to him have been preserved by his descendants and are historic relics of great interest. The following dates have been taken from these commissions: On July 4, 1802, he was made Justice of the Peace for Trumbull county; on April 14, 1803, he was appointed by Governor Edward Tilfin to the position of Associate Judge of the Court of Common Pleas for the County of Trumbull, for the period of seven years. As a judge the ap- pointee showed excellent judgment and was highly spoken of by contemporary opinion. On November 14, 1804, Judge Walworth was ap- pointed Postmaster at Painesville. His com- mission was made by Gideon Granger, then Postmaster General of the United States, and

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the office was held until the removal of the ap- pointee to Cleveland in 1806. In 1S05 tlie Government decided that this coast should no longer be left open to free trade with Canada. A collection district was established for the south shore of the lake, called the District of Erie, and Judge Walworth appointed Collector. His commission was signed by Thomas Jeffer- son, President, and countersigned by James Madison, Secretary of State. Judge Walworth had for some time contemplated a removal to Cleveland, and on this appointment decided on a change.

He disposed of his interests on the Grand river, and soon after made a purchase of a farm of 300 acres, almost literally bounded and de- fined by the limits of the First ward of Cleve- land under the recent redistricting — Huron, Erie and Cross streets, and the Cuyahoga river. He brought his family here in 1806, and made this place his home for the remainder of his life. One of his daughters, Julianna, afterward the wife of Dr. David Long, and mother of Mrs. Mary H. Severance, has left a record of that trip in which she says: " My father, John Walworth, moved to Cleveland from Painesville in April, 1806. We came up in an open boat, which was wrecked, and my father came near being drowned. He was so weak when he came out of the water that he could barely crawl on his hands and knees." He was known by every- body and was soon as busy and useful in the new home as he had been in the old. He was made Postmaster of Cleveland before actually settling here. On October 22, 1805, the com- mission was issued and Judge Walworth be- came Postmaster of Cleveland. January 17, 1806, saw him commissioned " Inspector of the Revenue for the Port of Cuyahoga," over Thomas Jefferson's hand, and under the countersign of James Madison, Secretary of State. His ap- pointment as "Collector for the District of Erie " bears the same date, and comes from the same source of power. On January 23, 1806, Governor TitKn appointed him Associate Judge of the Court of Common Pleas for Geauga

County, to hold for seven years "if he shall so long behave well." Cuyahoga County was at that time attached to Geauga, for Judicial pur- poses.

Judge Walworth was public-spirited in many ways, and was engaged in any measure that had in view the advancement of the interests of this section. When the scheme was originated in 1807 for the improvement of the Cuyahoga and Tuscarawas rivers, so as to give better connec- tion between Lake Erie and the Ohio river, he was one of the leaders therein, and made agent and a member of the board of commissioners that had it in charge. Although he held sev- eral offices, the amount of business in each was so small that he was not compelled to neglect any of them. His report to the Government for the season running from April to October, 1809, shows that the total amount of goods, wares and merchandise exported from thiscoun- try to Canada was but $50.

In 1810, on the organization of Cuyahoga county as such. Judge Walworth was made Clerk of the Court and also Recorder. This laid one more responsibility upon him, but nothing suffered in his hands. He found time for labor or recreation in other fields. He was one of the founders of the first Masonic lodge in northern Ohio, organized in Warren in 1803, and was one of its officers. He was a friend to education, and one of the founders of the insti- tution out of which Western Reserve College afterward grew. In 1801, when the entire pop- ulation of the Western Reserve was not over 1,500, the Rev. Joseph Badger, the famous missionary preacher, presented a petition to the Territorial legislature, asking for a charter for the establishment of an academy or college. The request was not granted. In 1802 Ohio was admitted to the Union as a State, and in 1803 an act was passed incorporating the Erie Literary Society. John Walworth was one of the incorporators, among his associates being Rev. Mr. Badger, John S. Edwards, Turhand Ivirtland and other men of character. They re- ceived parcels of land from various persons.

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from tlie proceed.s of whicli, in 1805, they erected an academy in BurtoD, Geauga county. This was the first school of the kind in northern Ohio, and was the germ of Hudson College. In fact, the name of Judge Walworth is met on almost every page of the early I'ecords of the section. In regard to him Colonel Whittlesey's history says:

'•John Walworth, though not among the ear- liest, was one of the most prominent, settlers of the Western Reserve. . . Like most young men who live near salt water he spent several years at sea, and visited the South American States. He came to settle at Aurora, Cayuga Lake, New York, in 1792. They reached their new home at Painesville on the 8th of April, 1800. He was small in stature, of very active habits, and had a pleasing countenance. Mr. Walworth could not have been selected to fill so many offices in the organization of the new gov- ernment if he had not been worthy of them. In those days professional office hunters seldom became the successful candidates. ... It was no small part of Mr. Walworth's good for- tune that he had a wife well suited to the cir- cumstances by which they were surrounded. Mrs. Walworth is remembered as a kind, noble, dignified, judicious woman, spoken of with re- spect and kindness by all who shared her society or her hospitality. When the stampede occurred at Cleveland on the occasion of Hull's surrender, she was one of three ladies who refused to leave the place. (Her husband was lying sick at the time.) She rode a horse not merely as a grace- ful exercise, but took long journeys in company with her husband. In 1810 she crossed the mountains in this manner, by way of Pittsburg and Philadelphia, to her old home in the East- ern States. With such training, a vigorous physique and a cheerful disposition, it is not strange that she survived three generations — long enough to witness the results of her hus- band's expectations. She died at Cleveland March 2, 1853."

Three sons and two daughters were born in the family of this worthy couple, — Ashbel W.,

Horace F. and John P., and Mrs. Dr. Long and Mrs. Dr. Strickland.

Judge Walworth did not live to see anything like a full realization of the dreams he had al- ways held of the greatness of the country, but died on September 10, 1812, in the very darkest days of the war. He was followed to his grave by the united and sincere sorrow and respect of the community, and great sympathy was ex- tended to his mourning wife and children. Judge Walworth's life had been lived in the^ sight of men, and his character stood each test that was applied to it. He was one of the most useful as he was one of the most lionored of Ohio's pioneers.

Ashbel W. Walworth was but sixteen years of age when his father removed to Cleveland, but the maturity of his mind was such that even at that age he was of great assistance to his father in the conduct of the many trusts reposed in the hands of the latter. When the father was away, the son would take his place, and so able was the discharge of those duties that on the death of his father he was appointed to sev- eral of the offices the other had held. He had been made Deputy Postmaster on September 9. 1809, and on the death of his father in 1812 was made Postmaster, holding the office until 1816, when he resigned, and was succeeded by Daniel Kelley. He was also made Collector of the Port of Cleveland, holding the office from 1812 to 1829, when he was succeeded by Judge Samuel Starkweather. He was in demand in all quarters where public trust needed the ex- perience and faithful care he was so able to give. In 1815 he was elected Township Clerk of Cleveland, being re-elected in 1816 and again in 1817. In 1821 he was made Township Treas- urer, and again in 1S22: became a Justice of the Peace in 1823, and again held that office in 1826; and continuously held the office of Treas- urer of Cleveland village from 1817 to 1829. In 1840 he represented the First ward in the Cleve- land City Council.

He was foremost in any good work. In 1827, on the organization of the Cuyahoga coloniza-

'^i^il-^^/C^^

-ry.

GUTAHOOA COUNTY.

tioii society, a brancli of the national society, he tilled the important position of Ti'easurer. The purpose of this organization was to provide homes for colored people in Africa as rapidly as they could be freed and sent over there. One public service in which Mr. Walworth was for some time engaged, while Collector of tliis Port, was of great moment to the shipping in- terests of Cleveland and Lake Erie. The diffi- culty of entrance to the mouth of the Cuyahoga by way of the old river bed was of the most serious character, and an insurmountable barrier to the growth and development of Cleveland. The attention of the general Government was called to the matter, and in the winter of 1824-'25, Congress passed an act appropriating $5,000 for the construction of such a breakwater at the mouth of the Cuyahoga as to enable vessels to enter this port in safety. This matter was contided, without instructions, to the hands of Mr. Walworth, who expended the money under scieutitic advice, in the construction of a pier running out from the river mouth. Little bene- fit was obtained, and, at a mass meeting of citi- zens in the fall of 1825, it was decided to send Mr. Walworth to Washington to secure anotlier appropriation for the work. He met with much opposition, but finally, in 1826, $10,000 were voted to the scheme, and the present new river mouth was opened and the problem solved.

Id 1816 Mr. Walworth was one of a party of leading Cleveland gentlemen who associated themselves under the name of the Cleveland Pier Company, for the purpose of erecting a pier in Lake Erie at this harbor, for the accom- modation of vessels too large to come near the shore. A pier was actually started, but the treacherous bed of the lake and the fierce storms for which Erie was always noted, brought the scheme to naught. He was for some time as- sociated with Thomas M. Kelley, under the firm name of Kelley & Walworth. They were en- gaged in the forwarding and commission busi- ness on River street, and quite e.xtensively en- gaged in shipping.

Mr. Walworth's family residence stood on Superior street, where the Leader building now stands. A small ofiice at one side was used for the transaction of his business. He was mar- ried, on August 24, 1820, to Mary Anne Dunlap, of Schenectady, New York, who survived him nearly a quarter of a century, dying September 17, 1870. They had six children, of whom four are now living, to wit: John Walworth, Anne Walworth, Sarah Walworth, and Mary W., now Mrs. S. A. Bradbury. The second son, William, and youngest daughter, Jane, are deceased.

Mr. Walworth was suddenly called out of the useful labors in which he was engaged and the happy home he loved so well, on August 24, 1844. He had been a professing Christian for a number of years, showing his faith in his works, and meekly following the lead of the Master. He was a member of the First Pres- byterian Church, and gave its interests his best thought and most loyal service. He was a man of great industry, strict habits of life and of the utmost honor and honesty in all the relations of life. He was of a very social disposition, and made friends wherever he went. He had the hospitable habits of the old settlers, and his home was always open and made welcome to whomsoever might come. His heart was kind, his sympathies broad, and his manners genial. When he was called to the rest of the other life, the feeling of the entire community was that a good and noble man had gone to his reward.

JAMES ABRAM GARFIELD, twentieth President of the United States, was born November 11, 1831, in the wilds of Orange township, Cuyahoga county, Ohio. Paternally', he descended from a Puritan family, his ances- tors coming from Chester, England, to the colony of Massachusetts Bay as early as 1630. Maternally he was from a French Huguenot family. His parents were Abram and Eliza (Ballou) Garfield, who were married in 1820, he aged twenty, she eighteen years. The father

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was a native of Worcester, Otsego county, New York, and the mother of New Hampshire, and a relative of Hosea Ballon, the celebrated preacher and author. Abram and Eliza Garfield had four children: Mehetable, Thomas, Mary and James A. In May, 1833, the father died, and upon his death-bed he said to his wife, "Eliza, I have planted four saplings in these woods: I leave them to your care."

James was less than two years old when his father died, and a low point of human need seemed to have been reached by his family; but, displaying a vigor and endurance of which they themselves had hitherto been ignorant, with all their industry and toil, his mother worked on the farm and at the spinning-wheel, while Thomas, the eldest son, although but a youth, entered at once upon the responsibilities and hard labor of manhood. Amos Boynton, a half- brother of Abram Garfield, lived near by, and, though of limited means himself, cheerfully aided them as much as he could, while the hardy settlers in the neighborhood were gen- erous and sympathetic toward the unfortunate family.

From the outset the life of James was one of toil. Born and fostered in a log cabin, his childhood was as humble and rude as backwoods life could make it. The opening of his life was most unpromising, and adds another example to the thousands in the lives of the great men of America, showing that poverty and want in .hildhood need not prevent growth in goodness or achievements in greatness. By force of cir- cumstances he was compelled to work in early childhood and youth, and thus was developed that habit of industry and that physical strength which made his after success possible. During his youthful days he was not distinguished above other boys, either for his genius as a farmer, woodsman or herdsman, or for his accomplishments as a debater in the country lyceum,or as a scholar in the schools. He was regarded as being neither precocious nor dull as a boy, but as having good common sense and doin<; his work well.

Until he was about si.xteen years of age he had an intense longing to lead the life of a sailor, but, failing to secure a position giving him opportunity to gratify this longing, he be- came a driver on the Ohio & Pennsylvania canal, as an employee of his cousin, Amos Letcher. For a short time only, however, he held this position, for having sickened of fever he returned home. About this time his atten- tion appears to have been turned toward literary attainments and the higher ambitions of life. Hitherto he had given little attention to books, and now he firmly and irrevocably resolved that, at whatever sacrifice, he would obtain a colle- giate education.

By day he worked upon the farm or at the carpenter's trade, and at night studied his books. By this means he was soon enabled to enter the seminary at the adjoining town of Chester. With the earnings of his vacations, together with the heroic self-sacrifice of his mother and elder brother, he was enabled to secure the ad- vantages of several terms at that seminary. From Chester he went to Hiram College, an institution established in 1850 by the Disciples of Christ, to which church he, as well as nearly all of the Garfield family, belonged. In order to pay his way at Hiram he assumed the duties of janitor, and at times taught school. At Hiram he continued his studies till sufliciently advanced in the classics and mathematics to be qualified to enter Williams College, Massachu- setts, two years in advance. September, 1854, he entered that college, and graduated with honors in 1856. Returning to Ohio he became a teacher at Hiram, (vhere he was also jiressed into the additional work of preaching the gos- pel. He soon became popular both as a teacher and preacher, and within less than one year he was promoted to the presidency of Hiram Col- lege, where he was the loved and honored friend of rich and poor, great and small.

While a student at Hiram he met in one of its classes Lucretia Rudolph, and in the autumn of 1858 married her, in her father's house at Hiram, and began a home life of his own. She

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ever afterward proved a worthy consort in all the stages of her husband's career. They had seven children, five of whom are still living.

After his marriage he began the study of law, and giving to it his extra hours he was able in 1S60 to pass the necessary examination and was admitted to the bar. He was a man of strong moral and religious convictions, and as soon as he began to look into politics he saw innumerable points that could be improved. He was attracted to legal studies by his active and patriotic interest in public affairs. He was an Abolitionist, Free-soiler and Republican, and always open and bold in the declaration of his political principles, whether in college, church or caucus. In 1859 he made his first political speeches, and in the fall of that year he was elected to the Ohio State Senate by a sweeping majority, and when he took his seat, in January, 1860, he was the youngest member of that body, being but twenty-eight years of age.

During the trying years of 1860 and 1861 he was a very useful and eloquent member of the State Senate, and on the breaking out of the Civil war in 1861 Mr. Garfield resolved to light as he had talked. He was appointed a member of Governor Dennison's staff to assist in organ- izing troops for the war. August 14, 1861, he was commissioned as Lieutenant-Colonel of the Forty-second Regiment of Ohio Volunteer In- fantry, composed largely of his classmates and students at Hiram College. Colonel Garfield's regiment was immediately thrown into active service, and before he had ever seen a gun fired in action he was placed in command of four regiments of infantry and eight companies of cavalry, charged with the work of driving the Confederates, headed by Humphrey Marshall, from his native State, Kentucky. This task was speedily accomplished, although against great odds. On account of his success, Presi- dent Lincoln commissioned him Brigadier-Gen- eral, January 11, 1862, and, as he had been the youngest man in the Ohio Senate two years be- fore, so now he was the youngest general in the

army. He was with General Enell's army at Shiloh, also in .its operations around Corinth and its march through Alabama. June 15, 1862, General Garfield was detailed to sit in a trial by court-martial of a lieutenant of the Fifty-eighth Indiana Volunteers. In this case his skill, combined with his memory of judicial decisions, elicited from officers sitting with him in the court commendation of his signal ability in such matters.

On account of fever and ague he obtained a leave of absence July 30, and daring the sum- mer months he was at Hiram.

Recovering his health he reported to the War Department at Washington, according to order from the Secretary of War. This was about September 25, 1862. He was ordered to sit in the court of inquiry in the case of General IVJx- Dowell, and November 25, 1862, he was made a member of the court in the celebrated trial of General Fitz John Porter for the failure to co- operate with General Pope at the battle of Bull Run.

In January, 1863, he was ordered into the field, being directed to report to General Rose- cransat Murfreesborough. He became chief of staff to General Rosecrans, then commanding the Army of the Cumberland. His military history closed with his brilliant services at Chickamauga, where he won the stars of Major- General.

In the fall of 1862, without any efl'ort on his part, he was elected as a Representative in Congress from the Nineteenth Congressional district of Ohio, which had been represented for sixty years mainly by two men, — Elisha Whit- tlesey and the renowned anti-slavery champion, Joshua R. Giddings. He resigned his com- mission on the 5th of December, 1863, having served in the army more than a year after his election to Congress, and took his seat on the same day in the House of Representatives, where he served until elected to the United States Senate in 1880, just before his nomina- tion to the presidency. His election to the Senate by the Ohio Legislature was a just and

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reasonable compliment to him for his eminent services through sixteen years of a most active leo-islative life. During his life in Congress he compiled, and published by his speeches there and elsewhere, more information on the issues of the day, especially on one side, than any oilier member. Upon entering Congress he was the youngest member, but for this work he was well endowed by nature and education. He was a ready speaker, — apt, eloquent, pointed, vehe- ment. He was possessed of all the physical characteristics of dignity, — strength, counte- nance and voice, which are so useful in the public forum. Thus he was well equipped for a place in a deliberative assembly.

General Garfield was appointed on many im- portant special as well as other committees by Congress. He was sent by the President to Louisiana to report upon the political condition of the people with reference to reconstruction, and was chosen one of the High Commission to which was referred the contested presidential election in 1876, and which gave Rutherford B. Hayes the seat. In June, 1880, at the National Republican Convention held in Chi- cago, General Garfield was nominated for the Presidency, both to the surprise of himself and the country. He was a delegate to the conven- tion and was an open advocate of the nomina- tion of Hon. John Sherman, of Ohio. The party was in danger of a most serious division, in which the adherents of General U. S. Grant and of Hon. James G. Blaine were the con- testants. The only safe measure to adopt was found in the nomination of an unobjectionable man who was allied with neither faction, and hence with great enthusiasm they turned to General Garfield; and, although many of the Kepublican party felt sore over the failure of their i-espective heroes to obtain the nomination, General Garfield was elected by a strong ma- jority both of the people and of the Electoral College, and was inaugurated at Washington, March 4, 1881, amid great rejoicing.

Even as the office was higher than any other which he had held, and as the honor was the

greatest the world could bestow, so the annoy- ances which accompanied him into office were more discouraging than he had ever experi- enced, and most appalling dangers surrounded him. Even before his inauguration he was be- sieged by office-seekers at Mentor, his home in Lake county, Ohio. On every hand and in every way did seekers after national honors and pay intrude recklessly and remorselessly upon his time and attention. Among these thou- sands of office-seekers was one Charles J. Gui- teau, a native of Illinois, but who at the time claimed to be a resident of New York. Guiteau had unsnccessfullj practiced law at Chicago and New York. His had been an erratic life, and his ambition most unbounded. He had professed many kinds of religious beliefs and had attempted to lecture on religious and social themes. He had the appearance of a gentle- man, and in the political campaign of 1880 he ingratiated himself into the good will of some members of the Republican committee of New York, and made a few unsuccessful speeches. On the fact that he had taken part in the con- test he based his claims for a consulship at Marseilles, France, and importuned President Garfield for the appointment. The appoint- ment was refused, and then Guiteau boldly threatened vengeance and was forcibly ejected from the "White House. He then firmly re- solved to assassinate the President at the first opportunity. Soon after there arose a political difference between the President and Senator Conkling, of New York, concerning the appoint- ment of a collector for the port of New York. This dispute was merely an outburst of the smothered feeling lingering after the defeat of a favorite candidate in the Republican conven- tion, and may have been less remotely con- nected with the fact that the President had placed in iiis cabinet with William Windom, Wayne MacVeagh, Robert T. Lincoln, William H. Hunt, Samuel J. Kirkwood and Thomas L. James, Senator James G. Blaine, who had been one of the candidates opposed in that conven- tion by Senator Conkling. Both senators from

CUYAHOOA COUNTY.

New York failed in their efforts to prevent the Senate from contirniing certain appointments of the President, and after the President had threateningly, though temporarily, withdrawn the unconfirmed nominations from before the Senate of some of Senator Conkling's friends, both of the New York senators resigned and went back to their State Legislature, expecting a triumphant re-election as a rebuke to the President. They failed of election, and in their stead men favoring the President were chosen.

This contest occasioned great excitement and aroused much bitter feeling in the nation. Guiteau, blinded by his desire to kill the Presi- dent, drew much encouragement from the quar- rel, and expected that in his deed he would find support and defense from the defeated party. However, he did not consult any of them, or apprise any man of his intentions. On the morning of July 3, 1881, while the President was in the Baltimore Railway station at Wash- ington, accompanied by Secretary Blaine, Gui- teau embraced his first opportunity to assassi- nate the President. Guiteau, stepping behind his victim, tired two shots into the President's back, one shot taking fatal effect. For the awful crime Guiteau was hanged.

On Monday night, September 19, after eighty days of suffering, the martyred President peace- fully drew his last breath. Midnight bells all over the land tolled in gloomy concert, and the grief-stricken people sprinkled their pillows with tears, saying ''Our President is dead!" The next day messages of condolence, sympathy and grief came to the heart-broken widow from all parts of the world.

He died at Long Branch, whence his remains were removed to Washington. The body was placed in the center of the hall of the Capitol at Washington, under the great central dome, and there for three days lay in state. Once during those sad days the multitude was shut out, and for an hour the stricken widow was left alone with her dead, — one of the saddest, sweetest pictures in our nation's history. The funeral services at the Capitol were very brief

and unceremonious, in accordance with the usual customs of the Disciples' Church, of which the President had been a member. The remains were borne to Cleveland, and there, on the 26th of September, the last funeral rites were held in the open air of the public square, and then the remains were reposed in a tomb in the beautiful Lake View Cemetery of Cleve- land, where to his memory was subsequently erected one of the handsomest, largest and most fitting monuments of the nation.

President Garfield passed all the conditions of virtuous life between the log cabin in Cuya- hoga and the White House in Washington, and in that wonderful, rich and varied experience, still moving up from higher to higher, he touched every heart of the nation at some point or other, and became the representative of all hearts and lives in the land, and was not only the teacher but the interpreter of all virtues.

THOUGHTS UPON THE TRAGIC DEATH AND PUBLIC

LIFE OF PRESIDENT JAMES A. GARFIELD.

BY A. TEACHOOT.

Listen all ye, my friends! what do we hear?

Is Garfield dead, and our friend no more ? Surprise and horror check the burning tear:

He is gone like the sand washed from the shore.

No more we hail the morning's golden gleam;

No more the wonders of the view we sing; Friendship requires a melancholy theme;

At her command the awful news I bring.

Garfield, the great master of the boundless space, Thee would my soul-racked muse attempt to paint;

Give me a double portion of thy grace Or all the powers of language are too faint.

Weep on, my countrymen ! give your general tear For the friend of all mankind, even the liberated slave.

An honest pang should wait on Garfield's bier And patriot anguish mark the patriot's grave.

When from the schoolroom at Hiram he had retired 'Twas you, my friends, surrounded by unnumbered foes,

That called him forth, his services required And took from him the blessing of repose.

With soul inspired by virtue's sacred flame

To stem the torrent of corruption's tide. He came, with all his love for liberty he came.

And nobly in his country's service died.

34

CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

In Ihe last awful moment, the departing hour, AVhen life's poor lamp more faint and fainter grew

As memorj' feebly exercised her power. He only felt for liberty and you.

He viewed death's arrow with a Christian's eye, With firmness only to a Christian known,

And nobly gave your miseries that sigh With which he never gratified his own.

Let all who love our country elevate his fame

And give his laurel everlasting bloom,— Record his worth while gratitude has name

And teach succeeding ages from his tomb.

The sword of justice cautiously he swayed;

His hand forever held the balance right; Each human fault with pity he surveyed,

But treachery found no mercy in his sight.

He knew when enemies besiege a throne

Truth seldom reached a monarch's ears; Knew if oppressed a loyal people groan,

And it was their cry he should hear.

Hence, honest to his people, his manly tongue The public wrongs and loyalty conveyed.

While titled tremblers, every nerve unstrung. Looked all around confounded and dismayed; —

Looked all around astonished to behold. Trained up to flattery from their early youth,

An artless, fearless citizen unfold To royal ears a mortifying truth.

Titles to him no pleasures could impart ;

No bribes his sense of right would entertain; The star could never gain upon his heart,

Nor turn the tide of honor from his name.

For this his name our liberty shall adorn. Shall soar on fame's wide pinions all sublime

Till heaven's own bright and never-dying morn Absorbs our little particle of time.

Far other fate his enemies shall find.

Who sigh for place or languish after fame. And sell their native probity of mind

For bribes of statesmen who would thus disgrace their name. And here a long inglorious list of names

On my disturbed imaginations crowd. " Oh! let them perish," loud the muse e.xclaims,

" Consigned forever to oblivion's cloud."

Clean be the page that celebrates his fame.

Nor let one mark of infamy appear; Let not the vicious mingle with his name;

Let indignation stop the swelling tear.

The swelling tear should plenteous descend;

The deluged eye should give the heart relief; Humanity should melt for nature's friend

In all the richest luxury of grief.

He, as a planet with unceasing ray,

Is seen in one unvaried course to move. Through life pursued but one illustrious way.

And all his orbit was his country's love. Immortal shadow of my much loved friend.

Clothed in thy native virtue, meet my soul When on th6 fatal bed my passions bend

And curb the floods of anguish as they roll.

In thee each virtue found a pleasing cell ;

Thy mind was honor and thy soul divine; With thee did every God of genius dwell;

Thou most the hero of all the nine.

Now, as the mantle of the evening swells

Upon my mind, I feel a thickening gloom; Ah ! could I charm by necromantic spells

The soul of Garfield from the deathly tomb. Then would we wander through this darkened vale

In converse such as heavenly spirits use. And born upon the pinions of the gale

Hymn the Creator and exert the muse.

But, horror to reflection ! now no more Will Garfield sing the wonders of the plain

When, doubting whether they might not adore. Admiring mortals heard his nervous strain.

But he is gone, and now. alas! no more His generous hand neglected worth redeemed;

No more around his mansion sliall the poor Bask in his warm, his charitable beams.

No more his grateful countrymen shall hear His manly voice in martyred freedom's cause;

No more the reckless outlaw will fear His severe lash for violated laws.

Yet say, stern virtue, who would not wish to die Thus greatly struggling a whole land to save?

Who would not wish, with ardor wish, to lie With Garfield's honor in a Garfield's grave?

Not honor such as princes can bestow.

Whose tyrant hand to a lord can raise. But for the brightest honor here below

A grateful nation's unabating praise.

But see! wherever liberty on yonder strand, Where the cliff rises and the billows roar,

Already takes her melancholy stand To wing her passage to some happier shore.

Stay, our Heavenly Father, stay; nor leave this blessed land

So many ages thou hast exercised thy peculiar care; O stay and ever cheer with thy Almighty hand.

Lest quick we sink in terrible despair! Let my sons, the laws your fathers bought

With such rich oceans of undaunted blood By traitors thus be set at naught. While at your hearts you feel the purple flood.

CUTAUOQA COUNTY.

Unite in firm, in honorable bonds;

Break every link of slavery's hateful chain; Nor let your children at their father's hands

Demand their birthright and demand in vain

Where'er the murderers of their country hide, Whatever dignities their names adorn.

It is your duty — let it be your pride — To drag them forth to universal scorn.

So shall your loved, your venerated name. O'er earth's vast convex gloriously expand;

So shall your still accumulated fame In one bright story with our Garfield stand.

1 ALTER 1. THOMPSON, Counciltnan from the Fifth District of Cleveland, and a prominent contractor and builder, was born in this city, August 15, 1853. He secured a liberal education and at seventeen years of age began learning his trade as an ap- prentice to S. C. Brooks & Co. From 1874 to 1881 he was a day workman; he then decided to risk his own judgment and his limited capi- tal in a few contracts. He succeeded, and the next year he ventured farther, and each succeed- ing year extended his business until all his own time was devoted to supervision of work, execu- tion of plans and submitting bids for new contracts.

Mr. Thompson's ancestry is English. His father, Charles Thompson, was born in Lincoln- shire, England, and in 1835 took up his resi- dence in this city. He was a cooper l)y trade, and for many years has been superintendent of the barrel department of the Standard Oil Com- pany of this city. He came to Cleveland with two other young men and learned liis trade here. He is a gentleman of exemplary habits, good business judgment and a modest, quiet citizen. His father was a sea captain, conduct- ing vessels between New York and Liverpool.

Our subject's mother, whose name before marriage was Avarina Jenkins, was a native of Wales; and her father, Isaac Jenkins, came to Cuyahoga county before 1840 and became a farmer near Warren sville, this State. The chil- dren by this union are: Louisa, wife of William

Kyle, of Cleveland; Walter L; C. E., in the employ of the Mercantile National Bank of Cleveland; and E. E., in the Cleveland & Pitts- burg Railroad ofKces.

October 30, 1878, Mr. Walter I. Thompson was united in marriage, in Cleveland, to Miss Olive N. Quayle, daughter of Robert Quayle, a Manxman and a blacksmith. Mr. Thompson's children are John William and Avrina Olive.

In politics our subject has always been a Re- publican, and has been more or less active in his party's interests ever since he became of age; but not until the spring of 1892 did he submit to the use of his name as a candidate for any elective office. He was then elected to his pres- ent position as Councilman from the Fifth Dis- trict of Cleveland, to succeed J. I. Nuun, a Democrat, in the organization of the Council of 1892 he was appointed chairman of the committee on printing and member of the com- mittees on appropriations and city property. In 1893 he was chosen chairman of the latter, and also served on the committees on appropria- tions and fire.

In respect to the fraternal orders he is a member of the Cleveland City Lodge and of Webb Chapter, of the Masonic order, also of Banner Lodge, I. O. O. F., of the Masonic Club, Builders' Exchange and Employing Car- penters' Association. In Odd Fellowship he has passed all the chairs, and is Junior Warden in the Masonic lodge.

'^) URROUGHS FRANK BOWER, vice- Iry, president, treasurer and general man- •^^ ager of the World Publishing Company (Cleveland World), was born in Ann Arbor, Michigan, October 31, 1855, and is conse- quently in his thirty-ninth year. He comes of German and American stock. His father, Henry Bower, was born in Pennsylvania, brought up on a farm, taught school, and moved to Michigan in the '30s, where he en- gaged in the business of buying and selling

GU7AU00A COUNTY.

pine land, manufacturing lumber, and carrying on a general mercantile business until his death in 1870. His mother, whose maiden name was Margaret G. Chase, was of Geneva, New York, a daughter of Captain Chase, who dis- tinguished himself in the war of 1812.

Mr. Bower was the youngest of four chil- dren, and was intended for the bar, which pro- fession his elder brother had embraced, but the sudden death of his father when young Bower was fourteen years old required a change in plans. Some time prior to the death of Mr. Bower's father, his eldest son, Henry E. H. Bower, brother of the subject of this sketch, published a weekly newspaper at Ann Arbor called the Democrat. It was in this office that young Bower obtained his initiation into the newspaper business. After his father's death, the Democrat being sold, young Bower took up civil engineering, but this not being to his taste lie abandoned it and went West.

In December, 1874, he returned to Ann Aibor and became the local editor of the Courier. At the time he accepted this position he had not yet turned his nineteenth year. During 1875 and 1876 he also attended lectures at the University of Michigan, and in 1876 entered the law department of the university and also studied law in the office of Prosecuting Attorney Robert E. Frazer, now Judge Frazer, of Detroit. Mr. Bower supported himself while in college by corresponding for a number of newspapers and conducting a humorous depart- ment in Ballou's Monthl}', a Boston publication. He was accorded the degree of LL. B. in March, 1878, and soon thereafter was admitted to the bar in the Washtenaw circuit court. He was chosen by the Greek-letter secret society of the law department as its representative on the Pal- ladium board for 1878, and was also elected, after a spirited contest, toast-master of his class. After graduating he arranged to practice law in Kansas City, but fate again overruled him. Soon after graduating he was sent for by the Detroit Evening News to fill temporarily an absent reporter's place. About this time the

country was indignant on hearing of the dis- covery, in the dissecting room of the medical college at Ann Arbor, of the body of the son of General Nevins, of Ohio. Bower was assigned to this case by the News. His inside knowl- edge of the medical department, obtained while a student at the university, was all brought into use in this series of articles, which immediately gave him a local reputation as a newspaper re- porter. Later he obtained and wrote up for the News in an exhaustive manner the facts con- cerning the mysterious disappearance of Mar- tha AVhitla, a young woman whose dead body was found in the River Rouge, sewed up in a sack. In these articles a citizen of Detroit considered himself accused of the murder of this girl, and he brought suit for $50,000 dam- ages against the Evening News. After an ex- citing trial, extending over many weeks, the jury returned a verdict in favor of the News. This vindicated Mr. Bower's statement of the facts, and as the plaintiff left the court room, a discomfited suitor, he was arrested on the charge of wilful murder. Two murder trials followed, the jury disagreeing on tiie first trial and ac- quitting on the second trial.

In 1878 Mr. Bower revived the Ann Arbor Democrat, turned the management over to his brother, Henry E. H. Bower, and continued his newspaper work in Detroit. In July of the same year he and Henry A. Griffin, the well- known Cleveland journalist and Secretary of the Ohio State Board of Commerce, started the De- troit Daily Mail. Capital was lacking to make it a success, and the paper suspended in a few weeks. In 1884 Mr. Bower became the man- aging editor of the Detroit Post and Tribune. When that paper was sold two years later he transferred his services to the Detroit Journal, and soon became its managing editor, remain- ing with it until the reorganization of the World Publishing Company of this city in July, 1890, when he was invited to accept its man- agement. He assumed his new duties on July 7th of that year. The World was only a small four- page daily of insignificant circulation; but

CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

capital was interested, Mr. F. B. Squire be- coming president of the company. Mr. Bower is one of the large stockholders. The World has grown in less than four years under his management to be the paper it is to-day.

In 1891 Mr. Bower wedded Mrs. Agnes Sin- clair Riggs, of Detroit, widow of Major John H. Riggs, and since his marriage has resided at 909 Prospect street. He is one of the hardest- working men in Cleveland, devoting his entire time to the management of the World.

ULLIAM A. KNOWLTON, M. D., one

of the well known and popular phy- sicians of Cleveland, is a prominent resident of the South Side of the city, where he has built up a representative and lucra- tive practice since he established himself in business there, in 1890. He was born at Olmsted Falls, Ciiyahoga county, Ohio, May 16, 1839, his parents being Dr. William and Mrs. Charlotte (Haskell) Knowlton, both of whom were natives of the State of New York, where they grew to maturity, and were married. The father, who was a skilled physician and surgeon, came with his family to Ohio in 1838 and located at Olmsted Falls, where he engaged in the prac- tice of his profession, becoming widely and favorably known for his ability and honor. He had received his medical education in the East and kept pace with the advancement made in his line of occupation. He had to endure the manifold hardships which ever fall to the lot of the pioneer physician, but he served the people in his field of labor faithfully and unselfishly, gaining the high esteem and the affection of those to whom he ministered. His death oc- curred in February, 1856, at which time he had attained the age of fifty years. His widow sur- vived until 1865, passing away about the age of sixty-two years. The Haskell family was one of prominence in New York; a brother of Mrs. Knowlton was a member of Congress from the district in which Genesee, that State, is located.

Of the six children born to Dr. and Mrs. William Knowlton our subject was the youngest, and of the number only three are now living, namely: Ellen M. Voorhees, who is still a resi- dent of Cuyahoga county; Rev. A. W. Knowl- ton, a Presbyterian clergyman, located in Wayne county; and our subject. Another brother, Dr. Augustus P., who died a few years since, was a practicing physician at Berea, Ohio, and had attained to a position of prominence in his pro- fession, being well known in Cleveland and in other parts of the State.

Our subject received an academic education under the tutoi'ship of Professor Samuel Bissell, of Twinsburg, Ohio, and subsequently began the study of medicine under the preceptorship of his brother, Augustus P., at North Royalton, Cuyahoga county. He is a graduate of the medical department of Wooster University and also holds a diploma from the medical depart- ment of the Western Reserve University. He began the practice of his profession at Brecks- ville, where he remained for nearly a quarter of a century, coming to Cleveland in 1890 and lo- cating at 530 Jennings avenue, where his head- quarters have since been maintained. He has recently secured a preferment which amply attests his ability and reputation, having taken the chair of obstetrics in the medical department of the Wooster University. He is a member of the Cuyahoga County, the Cleveland and the Ohio State Medical Societies. In his fraternal relations he retains a membership in each the Masonic order, the Independent Order of Odd Fellows and the Grand Army of the Republic.

Of the Doctor's war record it may be stated that he enlisted in May, 1862, for three months' service as a member of Company E, Eighty- fourth Ohio Volunteer Infantry. On being mustered out at the expiration of his term of enlistment, he again made ready to go to the front, and in October of the same year re- enlisted in Company E, Sixth Ohio Volunteer Cavalry, which was duly assigned to service in the Army of the Potomac. He was wounded at St. Mary's Church on the 24th of June, 1864,

CUTAHOGA COUNTY.

and was thus so disabled as to be unable to again join his company, which took an active part in numerous engagements, being one of the com- luands that served under General Sheridan. Dr. Knowlton rose by successive promotions until he was finally commissioned Captain by Gover- nor Brough. He was mustered out with his regiment in 18(35.

In 1868 Dr. Knowlton was united in mar- riage to Mrs. Jeimie M. Seymour, of Cleveland, Ohio. She died in 1880, at the age of forty years. The second mari-iage of the Doctor oc- curred in 1882, when he was was united to Miss Fannie E., daughter of Owen P. Snow, of Brecksville. They have had three children, one of whom, Douglass, died at the age of one year. Those living are Margaret, aged eleven, and Donald, aged one year. Mrs. Knowlton is a devoted member of the Pilgrim Congregational Church of Cleveland.

■ ON. DAVID MOEISON, of Cleveland, was born in this city, of Scotch-Ameri-

> can parentage, and was thus equipped l)y nature with some of the best gifts of na- tivity to ■which man can fall heir — the Scotch thoroughness and thrift and the American keen- ness and practical insight. His mother, Char- loUe C. (Bidwell) Morison, was a descendant of an excellent New England family, who trace their ancestry direct to the Mayflower, many of whom were Revolutionary patriots and citizens of Connecticut. His father, David Morison, Sr., was born in Edinboro, Scotland. After ac- quiring a collegiate education Mr. Morison pre- pared himself for the vocation of a thorough merchant and manufacturer, and at length came to America, locating in Cleveland.

Mr. Morison, the subject of this sketch, has been a Republican since his boyhood, taking from the first a deep interest in political ques- tions and always having an opinion of his own. He has also been one of those who believed that it was the duty of every good citizen to take a

part in political affairs, and in consequence he has been an active worker in support of the principles and party in which he believed.

In 1877 he was elected to the City Council and became a most useful and trustworty mem- ber. He was complimented with the presidency of that body in April, 1882, and his remarks on accepting the trust showed the deep sense of re- sponsibility he felt in assuming that office. In addition to his services in the Council, he was also an active member of the Board of City Im- provement, being the representative of the Council in that body in 18S0-'81, and the citi- zen member in 1886.

Among the measures for the public good to which he gave his voice and vote during this service were: The acceptance of Wade Park; granting a right of way to the New York Cen- tral & St. Louis Railroad through the city; au- thorizing the purchase of the Fairmount street reservoir; the extension of the franchise of the Brooklyn street railroad in Scovill avenue to Woodland cemetery, and the introduction of Medina block stone for paving, instead of the old cheap method.

In 1886 Mr. Morison was elected to the State Senate by a majority of 3,425 votes, in a district occasionally Democratic, and was i-e-elected to that body in 1888. While in the Senate he se- cured the passage of a bill giving Cleveland the Federal plan of government. At the next ses- sion the Cleveland municipal reform bill was brought before the Senate, and Mr. Morison made an able address in support of the measure and secured its unanimous passage.

In making up his cabinet in April, 1891, Mayor Rose invited Mr. Morison to become Di- rector of Charities and Correction, to accept which he resigned his seat in the Senate. The administration of ai?airs in that office was most economical and eflScient. The institutions under his charge were in debt, and in a deplorable condition as regards sanitation and otherwise. By Mr. Morison's wise guidance all these con- ditions were remedied, even perfected, and the institutions made almost self-supporting. He

CD YAHOO A COUNTY.

retired from the City Plall in April, 1893, con- scious of having performed liis whole duty and with the thanks of a gi-ateful public.

For many years he lias given his spare time to extending his real-estate investments. He is a member of the Chamber of Commerce, Ori- ental Commandery, K. T., Knights of Pythias, Red Cross Lodge, Court St. Clair, I. O. F., Cleveland Athletic Club, Masonic Club and many other organizations.

Kr^-j T. EEV. LOUIS AMADEUS EAPPE, f^^ who was first Bishop of Cleveland, was Jj ^ born February 2, 1801, at Andrehem,De- V partment of Pas de Calais, France. His

parents were of the peasantry, and though humble they were truly virtuous people. In early life the son was under the necessity of assisting his aged father in cultivating the fields, and hence his literai-y training was some- what neglected up to the age of twenty years, at which age he started for the College of Boulogne, then under the direction of the cele- brated Abbe Haffringue. His jjurpose was to prepare himself for the priesthood, having been so induced by tlie influence of his mother. After completing his collegiate course, he en- tered the Seminary of Arras, and March 14, 1829, was ordained priest by Cardinal Latour d'Auvergne. His first charge was a country parish in the village of Wizme. About five years after his ordination he was appointed Chaplain of the Ursuline Convent at Boulogne. This position Father Rappe held from 1834 to 1840, during which time he read with great interest the " Annals of the Propagation of the Faith," which prompted him to devote himself to the American Missions.

Through the influence of Bishop Pnrcell, of Cincinnati, then visiting Europe, Father Rappe was induced to come to America in the year 1840, for the purpose of entering upon the toilsome and self-sacriticing life of a missionary. Receiving permission from his Ordinary to

leave his diocese, and bidding farewell to his charge, he set sail for America, arriving at Cin- cinnati toward the close of 1840. By Bishop Purcell he was at once sent to Chillicothe, in order to learn the English language, with M'hich he was not familiar on coming to America. A few months later he was able to make himself understood in English, though he progressed slowly in the language and never acquired skill in its pronunciation.

From the summer of 1841 to the spring of 1846 his labors were in the northwestern part of Ohio, from Toledo to the Indiana line and to the south as far as Allen county. His labors were trying and filled with great privations and difficulties. It was here that he saw the dan- gerous effects of intemperance, and throughout the rest of his life he was an ardent worker for temperance, both in word and example. He was successful in his labors in the Toledo field, which grew in point of numbers and thus in- creased his duties manifold. He was a mission- ary of indomitable zeal and untiring energy, and being of great power of endurance he was enabled to perform much work. At last assist- ance was necessary, and in 1846 he was sent a co- laborer in the person of Father De Goesbriand. Father Rappe was affable in his intercourse with his people and was of great power and in- fluence among them. As a teacher of the catechism he had a special gift, and was equally gifted in his ability to bring the adults of his flock to frequent confession and i-egular attendance at mass.

Bishop Purcell, finding the work of attend- ing the diocese, then comprising the whole of Ohio, too great for him, asked the Holy See for a division of the diocese, and Cleveland was designated an episcopal see, and the zealous "Missionary of the Maumee," Father Rappe, was chosen as first bisliop of this diocese. Octo- ber 10, 1847, he was consecrated, at Cincinnati, by Bishop Purcell. Immediately afterward Bishop Rappe took possession of his see, his diocese comprising all that portion of Ohio lying north of the southern limits of Columbiana,

GUTAHOGA COUNTT.

Stark, Wayne, Crawford, AVyandot, Hancock, Allen and Van Wert counties. There was then but one church in Cleveland, namely, St. Mary's, built in 1836, and but one priest. To supply the growing Catholic population in Cleveland it was necessary to erect another building for church purposes. In 1848 a frame building, 30 X 60 feet, was erected on Superior street, near Erie, and for several years it was used as a temporary church and parochial school bouse (the first in Cleveland), folding doors closing the sanctuary during school hours. Later Bishop Rappe had plans made for a cathedral, and in the fall of 1848 the corner stone was laid.

Bishop Rappe went to Europe in 1849 for the purpose of securing priests for his diocese, and members of religious communities for schools and charitable institutions. In Septem- ber, 1850, lie returned with four priests, five seminarians and six Ursuline nuns. During the Bishop's absence the mansion of Judge Cowles, on Euclid avenue, was bought for the Ursuline Sisters. It served as the mother- house of the community until 1893. These sisters immediately opened a select school and academy, and in 1851 St. Mary's Orphan Asylum for girls was established on Harmon street, and the next year St. Vincent's Asylum i'nr boys was opened on Monroe street.

The most important wants of the diocese now being supplied. Bishop Rappe turned his atten- tion to the details of diocesan work. Much work was accomplished in the upbuilding of schools and charitable institutions, and the sev- eral churches rapidly grew both in number and strength, and amid all these great duties Bishop Rappe never once showed signs of fatigue.

Previous to 1863 Cleveland had no hospital, and the Civil War increased largely the neces- sity for a hospital, which Bishop Rappe would have ere then built had he been able. Now he proposed to build one and supply it with com- petent nurses, provided the public would give bim active assistance; and the public gladly embraced the opportunity. In 1865 a §75,000

hospital was completed. It was named Charity Hospital and placed under the charge of the Sisters of Charity.

In 1869 Bishop Rappe visited Rouje, attending the Vatican Council; and returning with frail health and failing eyesight he resigned, August 22, 1870, as Bishop of Cleveland, in which po- sition he had borne arduous duties, performing tiiem with phenomenal zeal, fitness and becom- ing success, for a period of nearly twenty-three years. He retired after bis resignation to Bur- lington, Vermont, and thereafter engaged in his former and favorite work of giving missions and catechising the young, till his death, which came to him September 8, 1877. To Cleveland his remains were brought and placed in the vault in the Cathedral basement.

Bishop Rappe was, indeed, a remarkable man; he was endowed with a strong mind and an affectionate and devout nature; he was a true patriot, a devout Christian, and his life was long and well filled with usefulness to his God and fellow man.

'|r\T. REV. RICHARD GILMOUR, sec- r^ ond Bishop of the Cleveland , diocese, 11 »:i was born in the city of Glasgow, Scot- ^ land, September 28, 1824, and came to

America in 1829. He was brought up and educated as a Scotch Covenanter, but in early manhood he became a Catholic, and his conver- sion was due to unaided investigation and reason. He studied for the priesthood at Mount St. Mary's College, Emmitsburg, Maryland, and was ordained priest August 30, 1852, by the Most Rev. Archbishop Purcell, who now sent him to a field of labor in southern Ohio, north- eastern Kentucky and southwestern Virginia. Here also he labored under great trials and disad- vantages, though with great and pleasing suc- cess, till 1857, w-hen he was called to Cincin- nati, and made pastor of St. Patrick's Church, one of the largest congregations in that city. Here also he was very successful. Among other

CUTAHOGA COUNTY.

achievements was tlie organization of one of the largest parochial schools in Cincinnati. After eleven years of faithful service for this congre- gation he became a professor in St. Mary's Theological Seminary, Cincinnati, and later pastor of St. Joseph's Church at Dayton, Ohio. In 1872 he was made Bishop of Cleveland, be- ing consecrated as such by Archbishop Purcell, on the llth of April that year.

Like his lamented predecessor, Bishop Eappe, he was a man of indomitable zeal and wonder- ful energy. He found his new position full of difficulties and incessant work. Not sparing self he so overtaxed his physical strength that he was obliged to cease all duty for nearly two years, for on June 24, 1874, he fell a victim to nervous prostration, from which he did not fully recover until about 1877. Most of this period of enforced rest he spent in southern France, whence he returned in July, 1876, gradually resuming his arduous labors. He soon had the satisfaction to see his diocese rank with the first in point of system and order. He was an ardent advocate for the parochial schools, for which in earlier years he prepared a com- plete set of readers, that soon found adoption throughout the country. As a public speaker he had few equals; as a writer he ranked with the best, his style being clear, forcible, and even trenchant at times. He was a man of strong individuality. Tall of stature, and command- ing in appearance, he would easily be singled out in any assembly as a man of force and mental strength. Fair-minded and strictly just, he keenly resented injustice or deception. At first sight he impressed one as stern and re- served, but in reality he had a most kindly disposition and generous impulse. As a con- verger he had few superiors. He was most frugal in his habits, and methodical as well as painstaking in his work. He was thoroughly American in sentiment, but had an impartial respect and kindly feeling for all nationalities. He had the universal respect of his non-Catholic fellow citizens, who recognized in him a man of rare intellect and great force of character.

Of this respect they gave evidence in the me- morial meeting held in his honor, after his death, in Music Hall, Cleveland, when all the speakers were men of prominence, not one of whom Catholic, and representing all shades of belief, and even of unbelief, but who had none but words of praise for him, applauded by the thousands assembled to honor his memory. It was indeed the most unique assembly ever held anywhere in the country. His death was lamented as that of a great man, good citizen, and able prelate, a loss to city, country and the church he served so well.

He died at St. Augustine, Florida, on April 13, 1891, after about one year's illness. His remains rest in a crypt under the cathedral in Cleveland, next to those of his predecessor, Bishop Rappe.

THE KT. REV. IGNATIUS FREDERICK HORSTMANN, D.D., third Bishop of Cleveland, was born in Philadelphia, or rather the part of it that was then the District of Southwark, on December 16, 1840. His parents, natives of Germany, came to this country in early life, and his father was a very prominent and prosperous business man in the city of his adoption. Young Ignatius began his education in a private academy conducted by Madam Charrier and her daughter, Mile. Clementine, and situated on German street, east of Third street. From this institution he passed to the Mount Vernon grammar school, and, having finished the regular course with distinc- tion, was promoted to the Central high school, at which he graduated in 1857, with an ex- ceptionally high average. Indeed, those who were then and previously his classmates say that he was ever at the head of his class. Then he entered St. Joseph's College, conducted by the Jesuits, and located at the northeast corner of Juniper and Filbert streets, Philadelphia. Evincing a strong inclination foi- the priest- hood, he entered the preparatory seminary at

CUTAIWOA COUNTY.

Glen Riddle, being one of the lirst of its students. Bishop Wood was so pleased with his aptitude for and application to study that he chose him as one of the first whom he sent to the newly established American College in Rome. There he continued to fulfil the promise that he had already uniformly gi^'en, and soon took foremost rank in the classes of the Prop- aganda, winning a number of medals in literary and oratorical contests.

Completing the prescribed course of studies, he was elevated to the priesthood in the Eternal City on June 10, 1865, by Cardinal Patrizzi. He continued his studies in Rome, and a year later won the degree of Doctor of Divinity. Returning to Philadelphia he was, in the latter part of 1866, appointed Professor of Logic, Metaphysics and Ethics, as well as of German and Hebrew, in St. Charles Borromeo's Semi- nary, in the old building at Eighteenth and Race streets, until 1871, and afterward at Over- brook, Pennsylvania. He remained there until the close of 1877, when he was appointed pastor of St. Mary's Church, Philadelphia. He served this parish with admirable ability and tact, and drew to the church large congregations to hear his learned and interesting discourses. So carefully did he manage the finances of the parish that when he left, after having been in charge considerably less than eight years, there was a balance of over §19,000 to the church's credit.

In September, 1885, Archbishop Ryan ap- pointed him Diocesan Chancellor, which im- portant and exacting position he filled with distinguished ability, till his elevation to the Episcopate, February, 1892. As Chancellor he had more leisure for literary work than he had as a pastor. His extensive learning and critical taste have been of use not only to himself but also to the intelligent Catholic-reading public in his valuable labors on the editorial staff of the American Catholic Quarterly Review. In addition to attending to the works so far re- ferred to, he was Spiritual Director of the Catholic Club and Chaplain of the Convent of

Notre Dame, including the spiritual direction of three organizations that meet there and that are composed largely of former pupils of the academy.

Many appropriate demonstrations in his honor were held in this city on the occasion of the twenty-fifth anniversary of his ordination, which was celebrated impressively. Archbishop Ryan preached the jubilee sermon in the cathedral. At a grand reception at the Catholic Club in behalf of his lay friends a purse of $4,200 was presented, which sum he immediately turned over to St. Vincent's Home.

February 25, 1892, he was consecrated Bishop of Cleveland, thus succeeding Bishop Gilmour, who died in April, 1891. Bishop Horstmann was duly installed in Cleveland a few weeks later, an immense multitude welcoming him to the Forest City. During his short career as Bishop of the large and important Diocese of Cleveland he has impressed all who have thus fai' met him as a man full of energy, firmness and kindness. He is a fluent speaker, an able writer, and is endowed with great business tact, and thoroughly in touch with his people.

'Jr^ EV. C. A. THOMAS, senior agent of r?^ the publishing house of the Evangelical 11 ^ Association of Cleveland, was born in V Hesse, Germany, March 22, 1840, a son

of Henry and Catharine (Knoth) Thomas, also natives of Germany. His father, who has been engaged in the shoe trade, is now retired, aged eighty-seven years, with powers of body and mind well preserved. He resides with his son, whose name introduces this sketch. He came with his family from Germany in 1854, settling at Lockport, New York. His wife died about 1884, at the age of seventy one years. Both were worthy and devoted members of the Evangelical Association. Their exemplary lives as sincere and consistent Christians are an endearing heritage to the fainilv and a boon to

CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

their acquaintances in the church of their choice. Of their twelve chihlren five are living, one of whom, Henry, a twin brother of the subject of this sketch, is a minister in the Canada Con- ference of the Evangelical Association.

When a youth Mr. C. A. Thomas was edu- cated both privately and at public schools, in both German and English, and both in the old counti-y and America, and to a great degree without tutors. He began preaching at the age of nineteen years, in Canada, the Xew York Conference embracing a portion of that country. He was on circuits for twenty years before coming to Cleveland, in 1879, and for over four- teen years he was editor of the Evangelical Magazine and of Sunday-school literature; he is the oldest editor now in the publisiiing house, with which he has been connected for more than fourteen years. In this situation he was the successor of the late Rev. Dr. Martin Lauer, who suddenly died December 31, 1898. After that event the Board of Managers and the junior publisher, who survived Mr. Lauer, were of the united opinion that Mr. Thomas possessed all the qualifications for the position; and his success since then, thougli he has had the place but a short time, has already given ample evidence that their judgment was correct. Mr. Thomas is one of those men who consider their lives to be made up of plain duties, and his liighest ambition is to discharge those duties to the honor of God and with justice to all men. He is the author of a number of books in Ger- man, is a fluent writer and ready speaker.

When he assumed the management of tlie Religious Belleslettric Magazine its circulation increased from 6,000 to 14,500, and it has out- stripped every other publication of its kind in the German language in this country. His success as editor was due largely to the fact that he familiarized himself with the wants and needs of the readers of the magazine, and has been successful in his endeavor to meet those wants. In this effort he did not undertake to cater to morbid appetite, but kept strictly within the channel of purity and noble ambition. This

feature has brought the Evangelical Magazine to the front, and is now the leading German periodical in this field in America.

Rev. Thomas is from a family noted for good health and longevity; is of medium size, wiry constitution and jovial disposition, and alert as a young man. He is a close observer, a good judge of human nature, has clear conceptive powers, a keen sense of jiistice, and is therefore a man of the highest sense of dignity, supported with the prudence of consideration and equity. As a preacher he was singularly successful. This is accounted for by his originality, which is full of energy and life, and just so much of good humor as to make him an interesting speaker both for young and old. He is a natural disciplinarian, which quality he demonstrated with signal ability while serving the church as Presiding Elder and also as editor of the Evan- gelical Magazine.

February 27, 1866, is the date of his marriage to Miss Joanna Spies, daughter of Rev. C. A. Spies, of this city, and of the same church, who resides with this family. His age is now eighty- three years, and he is retired from the ministry, which he commenced in 1857, and during which he did much for the religious welfare of the German people of this country, both in the United States and in Canada. Mr. Thomas' residence is at 31 Steinway avenue, Cleveland. His children are: Edward, a machinist of this city, who married May Judkins; Emma, of the home circle; Adaline, who has been a successful teacher in the public schools for a number of years; Joanna, who died at the age of nineteen years. May 27, 1893, a most lovely girl; and Harvey, now a pupil in the public schools.

The Cleveland publishing house of the Evan- gelical Association is located at 265 to 275 Woodland avenue. The building is a solid brick block, four stories high besides the basement, and covering the entire square between Vine and Herman streets; having 100 feet front on Wood- land avenue, it is equivalent to five full-sized stores. Half of it was built in 1874, and half in 1884. It embraces, besides publishing and

CUTAEOGA COVNTT.

wholesale departments, a retail book store and a number of offices, and a large press-room fronting on Woodland avenue. The house pub- lishes a number of periodicals, both in German and English, weeklies, monthlies and quarterlies, having subscribers by the hundred thousand scattered throughout America, Germany and Japan, and even to some extent in Russia, Pales- tine and parts of Africa. It is safe to say that this house has done its full share in distributing good and wholesome literature. It has the old- est German religious papers in this country, some of which were commenced as early as 1836; and a complete file of the oldest period- ical is still preserved entire. The institution also publishes music, conducts a bindery and electro- typing establishment and do job work generally. No publishing house in the United States has a better name, or has in the time of its existence exerted a greater influence for good.

D

W. GAGE, attorney, Cleveland, was born September 26, 1825, at Madison, Lake county, Ohio, a son of James and Charlana (_Turney) Gage. His father was born in Norway, Herkimer county. New York, and early in life, probably when twenty-one years of age, came to Ohio, settling in Madison, where he spent nearly the whole of his life. He was a carpenter and joiner by trade, and also devoted a portion of his life to farming.

In the village of Madison David W. Gage was reared, attending the district school until he was seventeen years of age, when he pre- pared forcollegeat Twinsburg Institute, Paines- ville Academy and Madison Seminary. When he was about ready for college he was attacked with typhoid fever, and a severe spell of sick- ness prevented his taking a course in college, and left him in not the very best of health, and warned him of his inability to go through the ordinary work of completing a college educa- tion. He had, however, gained a very liberal education, and as his tastes directed him to the

profession of law, he began his preparations for that vocation by entering the law office of S. B. Axtell, in Painesville, where he read law during the years 1848 and '49. Subsequently he came to Cleveland and spent the years of 1852 and '53 in reading law in the office of Williamson & Riddle. He was admitted to the bar at Columbus in the winter of 1853-54, and imme- diately thereafter entered upon the practice of his profession. He began practice in Cleve- land, and continued until 1868, in which year he removed to Iowa, where he remained for five years. He then returned to Cleveland, in which city he has since remained, continuing in an active, lucrative general practice. While in Iowa he held the position of United States Commissioner for that State, and since he re- turned to Ohio he has been conspicuous as a leading spirit in the Prohibition movement. He is a member of the Sons of Temperance and of the Royal Templars, and for a number of years was a member of the Masonic order. He is a Christian gentleman, beingamember of the East End Baptist Church, where he is an active worker as a Deacon.

Mr. Gage was married September, 1855, to Miss Mary J. Cole, daughter of Wm. H. Cole, of Warrensville, this county. The home of Mr. and Mrs. Gage have been blessed by the birth of the following children: Cora B., now the widow of A. R. Newton; Mattie G., now the widow of J. W. Street; and Julia J., now Mrs. W. B. Gerrish, of Oberlin, Ohio.

ffj ENRT CLAY WHITE, a member of Ir^ the bar of Cuyahoga county, was born II ^ in the town of Newburg, in said county, ^ near the city of Cleveland, on the 23d

day of February, A. D. 1839. His father, Wileman AV. White, emigrated from Berkshire county, Massachusetts, to Cleveland, Ohio, when it was a struggling village, in the year 1815. He was bred to the trade of carpenter and joiner, and entered at once upon an active

CUTAHOOA COUNTY.

career as a builder and contractor in the grow- ing village of Cleveland, and constructed the first frame church edifice in the city, and the first bridge across the Cuyahoga river. He was an active builder and business man until 1838, when he removed from the city and purchased a large farm with mill, etc., in the township of Newburg and located upon the Ohio canal, which was then the great line of communica- tion between the lakes, Pittsburg, Cincinnati and other points.

The mother of the subject of this sketch was also a native of Massachusetts, born in Berk- shire county. The father died in 1842, leav- ing Henry, his youngest son, only four years of age. He thus lost the nurture and guiding hand of his father, and from domestic vicissi- tudes very soon lost liis home and was obliged to resort to many humble occupations to make a living. In 1851 he attended school for a year or more at the Eclectic Institute, the prede- cessor of Hiram College, Ohio, and later, in 1856, returned to that school, when it was pre- sided over by James A. Garfield, then its young principal. Mr. White spent five years at this school, laying the foundation for a fair educa- tion. He was one of those who, to the extent of his capacity, was blessed by the inspiration and ideals received from the teaching and in- tercourse with Mr. Garfield, who early achieved success as a great teacher. Mr. White, in the fall of 1860, entered the Law Department of the University of Michigan and graduated there in 1862 as B. L. ; he then came to Cleveland, Ohio, where he has since resided, having been admitted to the bar in 1862. For ten years after his admission to the bar, in consequence of the depression in legal business due to the war of the Rebellion, he entered the Clerk's office of the Court of Common Pleas and served there in all capacities for ten years, until 1874, when he entered actively into the practice of law. In the fall of 1887 he was a candidate for Probate Judge of the county of Cuyahoga, seeking the nomination at the hands of the Pepiii)lican party, having for his chief opponent

Honorable Daniel R. Tilden, who had held the office for thirty-three years in succession. Mr. White was nominated and elected by a hand- some majority, and entered upon his first term on the 9th day of February, 1888, and has since been twice re-elected and is now holding said office for his third term. In politics he is a Republican, having taken part in the cam- paign of 1860, which resulted in the election of Abraham Lincoln. He is a member of the Disciples' Church. He was married in 1866 and has four children.

r^EUBEN WILLSON WALTERS, phy- r^^ sician and surgeon of Chagrin Falls, II »». Ohio, was born at Russell, Geauga v County, Ohio, August 22, 1838, a son of

Reuben R. Walters, who was born in Herkimer county. New York, in 1804, a son of Nathaniel Walters, born in Dutchess county. New York, a son of John Walters, a native of England. Na- thaniel Walters, a grandfathei-, married a Miss Robins, also anative of New York State, Dutch- ess county, and a daughter of an old family of the State.

Reuben R. Walters, father of Reuben W. Walters, came to Ohio in 1837 and settled in Russell. He was a carpenter and joiner and cabinet-maker by trade, and was a good me- chanic. He was the man that cast the first Ab- olitionist vote in Geauga county. Later he became a Republican and finally a Prohibition- ist, was a Deacon in the Free-will Baptist Church, and died at Chagrin Falls, January 9, 1888, at eighty-three years of age. The mother's maiden name was Emily White; she died at Chagrin Falls, March 10, 1890, aged eighty- five, surrounded by all the care and comforts her son, our subject, could give her. She had one other son, Franklin R., who died in 1854.

Reuben W. grew up in Chagrin Falls and here received his early education. During the war he enlisted, August 15, 1862, at the time of Lincoln's call for " 300,000 more," and in the

CUTABOQA COUNTY.

Seventh Ohio Volunteer Infantry, Company D, and as hospital steward he served until March, 1865. He was at the battles of Lookout Moun- tain, Missionary Ridge, etc., Georgia, and other engagements of less note. As hospital steward he served with credit and honor.

Doctor Walters graduated in the Medical De- partment of Western Reserve University, Feb- ruary 19, 1867, and also graduated at the Homeopathic Hospital College of Cleveland six years later.

Doctor Walters was married December 5, 1867, at Conneautville, Pennsylvania, to Sarah Francis White, a lady of education, refinement and good family. She was born at Garretts- ville, Ohio, a daughter of H. K. White, now deceased, and Laura (Ellinwood) White. Before her marriage she was a successful and popular teacher. She died March 20, 1893, leaving two sons: Wilson H., a graduate of the Chagrin Falls liigh school in 1892; and Frank, a boy of fourteen, attending school at Mount Vernon, Ohio. Mrs. Walters was a worthy wife and mother, a helpmate to her husband, a Christian lady.

Doctor Walters is a member of the G. A. R., N. L. Norris Post, No. 40. He is one of the twelve commissioners of the Soldiers' and Sail- ors' Monument, at Cleveland, Ohio. He is a worthy member of the Seventh-Day Adventist Church. The Doctor has been active in the best interests of the town, and is one of its most worthy citizens. The Doctor was President of the Board of Education from 1879 to 1882, and clerk of the same during those years.

FRANK S. CLARK, M. D.— In the great competitive struggle of life, when each -- man must enter the Held and fight his way to the front, or else be overtaken by disaster of circumstance or place, proving either a coward or a victim, there is ever a particular interest attaching to the life of one who has turned the tide of success, has surmounted ob- stacles and has shown his ability to cope with

others in their rush for the coveted goal. The record of such lives must ever be a fecund source of interest and incentive.

Dr. Clark, who has gained enviable prestige as one of the most able and successful of the younger practitioners of medicine and surgery in the city of Cleveland, was born in Summit county, Ohio, on the 27tli of May, 1865, a son of n. J. and Lizzie P. (Blackman) Clark, both of whom are natives of Ohio. The father is now actively engaged in the general mercantile business. In early life he was for about twenty years a prominent teacher, being for some time superintendent of the public schools at Oberlin, Ohio. He is a graduate of the Western Reserve University, and at one time he had charge of the academy at Poland, Ohio. He is a resident of Oberlin, and has for years been a Deacon of the First Congregational Church of that place.

Our subject is the second of a family of five children, two of whom died in childhood. Those living are noted as follows: Mary A. is a grad- uate of Oberlin College, and has been a success- ful teacher. She taught at Nashville, Tennes- see, under the auspices of the American Mis- sionary Association of the Congregational Church. Edward W. Clark is a graduate ot Oberlin College, in which institution he was for two years an instructor in Latin and Greek, for the teaching of which languages he is now (1893) in Germany perfecting himself.

Dr. Clark completed a classical course at Oberlin and graduated in 1887, receiving the degree of A. M. in 1890. In the fall of the same year he began the study of medicine in the medical department of the Western Reserve University, graduating in 1890. He filled the position as house physician at Lakeside Hospital for one year and then entered upon a general practice in the city of Cleveland, leaving the hospital in April, 1891. He had charge of the Maternity Hospital for one year after sev- ering his connection with the Lakeside Hospital. He is a member of the Cuyahoga County and the Cleveland Medical Societies and is also ideiititied with the State medical association.

P-^JR«-'

■jnBBi

» i 'I i to

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UOFAHOQA COUNTY.

I, uiis met with success in las pro- work, lias gained recognition for his viid ability and is one of the most prom- ising among the young physicians of Uie 1 orest City. He has been a close and conscientious student, is thoroughly abroast of the progress made in the science of medif-Mo and is en- thusiastic in his profession. )?'■ is at present visiting pJiysieian and siirp.-oi, to Sf. Aie.icis

ON. HENRY B. PAYNE, an eminent citizen, lawyer and statesman, was born in Hamilton, Madison county, New

Eiisha I

I.!' English origin; .1 It ij.t; u.uwuej v.i jicwij ,-. i^ayne catne of the note ' Dongkis stock.

Mr. Payne graduated at Hamilton College at the age of twenty-two, distinguished for luathe- raatidal and classical attainments. He immedi- ately began the study of law in the office pf John C. Spencer, an eminent lawyer of Canandaigua, afterward Secretary of War in President Tyler's Cabinet. Stephen A. Douglas was at the same tin^e a student in the office of a rival law firm, and then and there Payne and Douglas began a personal and political friendship of a life-time. In 1833 westward was the course of empire for young men of education and high spirit, even as it is now, and the two young lawyers eiruyrafod to Cleveland, Ohio, -then a thriving village of al*out 3,000 people. Douglas had preceded Pajtic* ^ome months, and when the latter arrived he found the future senator of Illinois sicknigh nnto death. His first mission was to nurse his friend biick to liealth or close ■~ eyes in death. . For three weeks he never the' bedside of Douglas. When the latter

recovered he iiiincunwu : further we.«t. Mr. Payti' . separation, aided liim tin; Journey, and three years \ hear of Douglas a- Pr Sangamon county,

Mr. Payue,6agaf ' i

future of the then naji. Cleveland for his perraai. a student year in the officr drews, then the foremost advoc-ai/ ,,> Ohio, he was admitted to the bar. I'in ing year he formed a partnership, with Judge Hiram V. Will.son. The legal Payne & Willson starting tinder - auspices, in a few years they found th

roing g the 3 the 3d to 3y of

right

5pted

after

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liorthern

: fullow-

the late

firm of

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••! office

tt'elve 1 the retire bility E the jhysi-

1'r(i::i practu'o by rfit^o-.; ..L ]/ arising principally from hemoi' lungs, the result of crushing menu cal labor. After the lapse of fifty years but few of his contemporaries remain who knew him at the bar. If, however, the legends which have coine down the decitde-s from the lips of eminent veterans of the profession may he re- lied on as history, they bear testimoTiv 'o his legal accomplishments anug, _'.l forensic abilty, even from his first appearance. His characterist- ics were quickness of perception, a seem iag in- tuitive knowledge of the principles invi ' /ed, a wonderful comprehension of testimony, .md as an advocate he, jjossessod rare and peculiar gifts. He did not, however, trust alone tohis inherent powers. Being an alert and industrious student he thoroughly prepared every case, ami then

doubly armed he wa-; ;> ?•

In 1836, upon th. ernment of the cit^ uicipal charter, hn ,vab th.'tt long list of leoral ad- Attorn. ried '^.

K'.nt. gov- mu- •st of City mar- 1 and

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CUTAHOOA COUNTY.

Dr. Clark has met with success in his pro- fessional work, has gained recognition for his worth and ability and is one of the most prom- ising among the young physicians of the Forest City. He has been a close and conscientious student, is thoroughly abreast of the progress made in the science of medicine and is en- thusiastic in his profession. He is at present visiting physician and surgeon to St. Alexis Hospital.

ffj ON. HENRY B. PAYNE, an eminent fH| citizen, lawyer and statesman, was born II 41 in Hamilton, Madison county, New "^ York, November 30, 1810. His father,

Elisha Payne, was a native of Connecticut, and left Lebanon in that State in 1795, settling in Hamilton, where he was instrumental in found- ing the Hamilton Theological Seminary, being a man of pure personal character and public spirit. The Payne family is of English origin, but the mother of Henry B. Payne came of tlie noted Douglas stock.

Mr. Payne graduated at Hamilton College at the age of twenty-two, distinguished for mathe- matical and classical attainments. He immedi- ately began the study of law in the office of John C. Spencer, an eminent lawyer of Canandaigua, afterward Secretary of War in President Tyler's Cabinet. Stephen A. Douglas was at the same time a student in the office of a rival law firm, and then and there Payne and Douglas began a personal and political friendship of a life-time. In 1833 westward was the course of empire for young men of education and high spirit, even as it is now, and the two young lawyers emigrated to Cleveland, Ohio, then a thriving village of about 3,000 people. Douglas had preceded Payne some months, and when the latter arrived he found the future senator of Illinois sick nigh unto death. His first mission was to nurse his friend back to health or close his eyes in death. For three weeks he never left the bedside of Douglas. When the latter

recovered he announced his intention of going further west. Mr. Payne, while regretting the separation, aided him financially to make the journey, and three years later was gratified to hear of Douglas as Prosecuting Attorney of Sangamon county, Illinois.

Mr. Payne, sagaciously prophesying the bright future of the then handsome village, adopted Cleveland for his permanent abode, and after a student year in the office of Sherlock J. An- drews, then the foremost advocate of northern Ohio, he was admitted to the bar. The follow- ing year he formed a partnership with the late Judge Hiram V. Willson. The legal firm of Payne & Willson starting under favorable auspices, in a few years they found their office doing the leading business in the State.

The professional life of Mr. Payne was com- paratively short, embracing only some twelve years, as he was compelled, in 1846, in the midst of an overwhelming business, to retire from practice by reason of physical debility arising principally from hemorrhage of the lungs, the result of crushing mental and physi- cal labor. After the lapse of fifty years but few of his contemporaries remain who knew him at the bar. If, however, the legends which have come down the decades from the lips of eminent veterans of the profession may be re- lied on as history, they bear testimony to his legal accomplishments and great forensic abilty, even from his first appearance. His characterist- ics were quickness of perception, a seeming in- tuitive knowledge of the principles involved, a wonderful comprehension of testimony, and as an advocate he possessed i-are and peculiar gifts. He did not, however, trust alone to his inherent powers. Being an alert and industrious student he thoroughly prepared every case, and then doubly armed he was a formidable opponent.

In 1836, upon the organization of the gov- ernment of the city of Cleveland under a mu- nicipal charter, he was appointed the first of that long list of legal advisers designated City Attorney or Solicitor. The same year he mar- ried Miss Mary Perry, the accomplished and

CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

only daughter of Nathan Perry, a worthy mer- chant of the pioneer days of northern Ohio. In commemoration of the happy event and life-long domestic compatiionship, he recently, after the lapse of nearly sixty years, erected on Superior street the mon>imental and beautiful structure appropriately christened •' Perry-Payne."

After his retirement from the bar and the restoration of his health, he was not inactive; he not only devoted himself to his extensive private affairs, hut such was the public confi- dence ill his financial abilities and personal in- tegrity that his services were almost constantly demanded, either in the Council to aid in re- storing or sustaining municipal credit, or in the reconstruction of its various departments, — always a gratuitous service.

Mr. Payne was an early and leading spirit in railroad enterprises in Ohio. In 1849 he, with John W. Allen, Richard HiUiard and John M. Woolsey, inaugurated measures for the con- struction of the Cleveland & Columbus Rail- road, and mainly to Henry B. Payne, Richard Hilliard, and Alfred Keiley the success of the great enterprise was due. The road was com- pleted in 1851 and Mr. Payne was elected its president, which office he resigned in 1854. He became a director in 1855 of the Cleveland, Painesville & Ashtabula (afterward Lake Shore) Railroad. These and other enterprises and in- dustries with which his name has been associ- ated as subscriber and promoter, have largely contributed to advance the little village of his adoption in 1833, to a city of 300,000 in 1893. In 1855 he served as a member of the first board of Water Works Commissioners, under whose auspices that great and indispensable system was planned and executed in behalf of the city.

In 1862 he became president of the Board of Sinking Fund Commissioners, which position he has ever since held. The city takes pride in the management of its sinking fund, which in the hands of able and honest commissioners, in thirty years, has augmented from about $360,- 000 to 13,000,000. with a nominal annual ex-

pense of only a few hundred dollars for clerical service,— an unprecedented example of the man- agement of a public financial trust.

In 1848 he was a Presidential Elector on the Cass ticket. In 1851 he was elected State Sen- ator, serving two years with such ability as to win universal recognition in the State as a par- liamentary leader and statesman. The first ap- preciation of the public talents of Mr. Payne, and the devotion of his party in that Legislature to him, is recorded in the twenty-six ballotings for United States Senator, in which his party remained true to him in every ballot, while their opponents, the Whigs, matched him alternately with many of their ablest men, Ewing, Corwin, Andrews, and several others, the balance of power being held by some few Free Soil mem- bers, the ultimate result being the election of Benjamin F. Wade by one majority.

The stirring event in the State in 1857 was the nomination of Mr. Payne by the Democratic party for Governor. The conclusion of his brilliant and captivating speech accepting the nomination was alike gallant, inspiriting and characteristic, when he said, " In the battle in which we are engaged I ask no Democrat to go where 1 am not first found bearing the standard which you have placed in ray hands." He made a canvass so remarkable for its spirit, aggressive- ness and brilliancy that although his party had but recently been in a minority of 80,000, he came within a few hundred votes of defeating Governor Chase for his second term. The offi- cial count alone determined the result.

He was a delegate to the Democratic national convention held at Cincinnati in 1856, which nominated Buchanan for president; and dele- gate at large to the convention at Charleston in 1860, and reported from the committee the minority resolutions, which were adopted by the convention. He was selected by Senator Douglas to reply to the attacks of Yancey and Toombs in that convention. The speech made by Mr. Payne in the Charleston convention was remarkable for its perspicuity, brilliancy and power, — condemning incipient secession and

CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

littering prophetic warnings to the South if they persisted in going out of the Union. The speech made him a national reputation, winning for him the gratitude of the Northern delegates and commanding the respect of the Southern members.

In 1872 the Democratic State convention, held at Cleveland, selected him as a delegate at large to the convention which nominated Horace Greeley. He was made chairman of the Ohio delegation, and on his return entered with his accustomed zeal and spirit into the campaign.

In 1874 he accepted the Democratic nomina- tion in the Cleveland District for Congress, and in a district which has always given a large Re- publican majority he was elected by nearly 2,500 majority. It was at a time when there was expressed, justly or unjustly, much public indignation touching financial scandals in Con- gressional and official service, and in his speech accepting the nomination he was moved to say: "If elected, and my life is spared to serve out the terra, I promise to come back with hand and heart as undefiled and clean as when I left you;" and he kept the faith. He at once took high rank in Congress and was appointed on the committee on Banking and Currency. This was his appropriate field of labor, and his propositions, explanations and arguments in committee commanded the profoundest con- sideration. The financial bill known as the "Payne Compromise" was doubtless the master work of his Congressional life. The Resump- tion Act had recently passed, and all the West- ern Democrats had been elected with the under- standing that it should be repealed. The Eastern Democrats were in favor of cast-iron resump- tion. The bitterest feeling sprang up between the two factions, and a split upon the currency question seemed imminent. Payne had always been faithful to his convictions as a Democrat, but "soft" money was not a portion of his creed. Tlie extreme "hards" wanted to abolish paper currency: the extreme "softs" wanted to wipe out the banks. There were some forty propositions pending. Payne then presented

his plan. He proposed to retain both the banks and their currency and the greenbacks, but was in favor of the Government making the paper money as good as gold. He proposed that the banks and the Government should bear the burdens of resumption by returning twenty per cent, of the paper each had in circulation, thus reducing the volume of the paper, and paving the way for a natural resumption. His plan met with decided opposition from both factious, but he calmly reasoned with his opponents until he made many converts among thinking men, both statesmen and bankers. The Payne plan was adopted by a Democratic caucus, after nearly three months of discussion, and reported to the House by Mr. Payne. Senator Bayard gracefully yielded to Mr. Payne's views, saying to him, "I have made a careful examination of your proposition and find there is no sacrifice of principle in it. It is an adjustment of some financial principles to a strained condition of affairs." Mr. Seligman, the eminent New York banker, said, "The principles of Payne's com-

promise

if enacted into law would

prove

a solu-

tion of our complicated system, and give us a safer currency than England. It made no war on banks, but it recognized them as a safe medium for handling the currency, and increas- ing and decreasing the volume of currency, ac- cording to the needs of trade, and removed it from the domain of politicians, too many of whom knew but little about the financial affairs of the country."

He was chairman of the House Conference Committee on the Electoral vote, a strong ad- vocate of the Electoral Commission bill, and a member of the Commission himself. His record through all that exciting period is creditable to him in the highest degree, both as a represent- ative Democrat and a statesman.

From the disruption of the Charleston con- vention Mr. Payne was conscious that an attempt would be made to separate the States, and it was in his first public utterance there- after, and before the first act of secession, that he replied to the hostile sentiments expressed

CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

by a Southern gentleiiiai). declaring that "the Union had a mortgage upon every dollar that he owned for its preservation." In the gloomy days of 1862 he united with other citizens in a guarantee to the county treasurer against loss by advancing $50,000 for military necessities, trusting to a future legislature to sanction such advances. During the reverses of the Union army early in the war, when the President called for 500,000 volunteers, Governor Tod appealed to him for his influence in aiding to meet that call. He reported with alacrity, stumping the State, encouraging enlistments, raising funds, and preaching the salvation of the Union.

Mr. Payne's name was presented as a candi- date for the Presidency before the national Democratic convention held in Cincinnati in 1880. Ohio had instructed her delegates to vote for Thurman, which they felt obligated to do unless released by him. Although Mr. Payne did not receive a single vote from his own State, he, nevertlieless, was the third highest in the list on the first ballot, whicli stood: Hancock 171; Bayard 153; Payne 81, the remainder of 738 being widely scattered. At this juncture, if ;N[r. Payne could have received the Ohio vote, to which, as her leading candidate, he seemed fairly entitled, he could have been nomi- nated, but the delegation being unable to get released from their instructions, Mr. Payne promptly requested the withdrawal of his own name.

In 1885 Mr. Payne was elected United States Senator for the term of six years, ending in 1892, being the first Democrat ever elected from the northern half of the State. It was an unsonght and gratuitous gift of the Legislature, and of the party with which he had been for a lifetime recognized as one of its most brilliant leaders — and a graceful climax of an honorable life.

Mr. Payne's family relations have been for- tunate and happy. His wife, a few years his junior, is still by his side. They have had five children, but sadly three times the family circle

has been broken, first in the death of the youngest, and then of the eldest son; and lastly in the death of Mrs. W. C. Whitney, of New York. The survivors are Colonel Oliver H. Payne, of New York, and Mrs. Bingham, of Cleveland.

'T^ EV. J. H. C. KOEXTGEX. D. D., pas-

\^^ tor of the First Reformed Church, which Jl ~s was the first German church on the West V Side in Cleveland, Ohio, was born in El-

berfeld,Ehein Province, Prussia, Germany, June 19, 1844. His parents were Ferdinand and Henrietta (Huesser) Roentgen. The mother died in Germany in 1860, aged fifty-two years. The father, a cigar manufacturer, came to Amer- ica with his family in 1872. They stopped at Sheboygan, Wisconsin, where they remained some two years, removing thence to La Crosse, Wisconsin, in 1874. Here the father died in 1882, aged seventy-six years. Both father and mother were life-long members of the Reformed Church.

Rev. Dr. Roentgen is the third in a family of five children, three of whom died in early life. A younger sister, the wife of Rev. Julius Grauel, resides at OIney, Illinois, where her husband has a charge. She and Dr. Roentgen are tlie only surviving members of their family.

Dr. Roentgen was educated in Europe and came to this country with his father. Here he studied theology at Franklin, Sheboygan county, Wisconsin, graduating in 1874, and was ordained by the Sheboygan Classis of the Reformed Church in the United States, October 11, 1874. He took his first charge, a mission at La Crosse, Wisconsin, October IS, 1874. Here he labored effectively, erecting a building for the parochial school, and so wisely directing his efforts that when he left in December, 1882, what had been a mission was a self-sustaining church of nearly 200 members. From La Crosse Dr. Roentgen came to Cleveland, January 8, 1883, to become pastor of the First Reformed Church, which he

CUTAHOQA COUNTY.

has served ever since. This church was organ- ized in 1848. When lie came the membership numbered between three and four hundred; it now numbers between four and five hundred. The Sabbath-school has over 250 members.

The degree of Doctor of Divinity was con- ferred upon Rev. Dr. Eoentgen in June, 1892, while a teacher in Calvin College, by the Frank- lin and Marshall College, of Lancaster, Penn- sylvania, the oldest and greatest college of his church, and he taught in Calvin College from 1885 to 1892 preaching in his church at the same time.

He was married December 15, 1874, to Miss Maria Louisa Frederica Walther, daughter of Carl and Louisa Walther, natives of Germany and residents of Sheboygan, Wisconsin. Dr. and Mrs. Roentgen have had four children, viz.: Louisa, deceased at nine years; Henry, Dorothea and Arthur. The Doctor's only cousin is Dr. W. Roentgen, a professor in the University of Stuttgart, Wiirtemberg, Germany.

Dr. Roentgen is a scholarly man, of good personal appearance, strong mentally, quick in perception and active. He holds a prominent and important place in the church of his choice, and is in the prime of a vigorous and useful man- hood. He is in rugged health and gives promise of many years of active usefulness to his church and to the community wherever his lot may be cast.

FATHER W. KOERNER, rector of St. Procop's Catholic Church, was born in — Bohemia, August 31, 1859. His parents were Charles and Theresa Koerner, both of whom are deceased.

W. Koerner was educated in his native town, Wittingau, and also in Bndweis, and in St. Francis Seminary in Milwaukee, where he com- pleted his theological course in 1883, and was ordained priest February 16, that year, by Arch- bishop Patrick Feelian, of the Chicago Diocese. His first work was in St. Procop's Church, Chicago, where he served as assistant priest for

fifteen mouths. From there he went to Detroit, where he labored as pastor of the St. Wences- laus Church, built the schoolhouse and renovated the church building at an expense of many thousand dollars. He remained there over five years, then went to Kellnersville, Wisconsin, where he served nearly four years as Bohemian missionary, and renewed the interior of the church, ordering all the equipments from Cleve- land. His next field of labor Wf3 Muscota, Wisconsin, a few months, coming thence to Cleveland, August 22, 1893, to take charge of his present work.

He has about 450 families under his care. The school numbers about 465 children, with six rooms and six teachers. Everything is in excellent working order.

l^theUr j\ ^ land k

FRANK OPPERMAN, pastor of nited Evangelical Church in Cleve- known as " Friedens Kirche," was born in Germany, April 18,1863. His parents were John and Cecilia Opperman. His father, a minister, died in Germany, in 1863, at about fifty years of age, and his mother still lives in her native land (Germany), aged sixty- eight years. Of their children, John, born De- cember 4, 1861, and still residing in Germany, and the subject of this sketch, are the only ones living. Both the grandfathers also were minis- ters.

Rev. Frank Opperman graduated at Werni- gerode, in Germany, in 1881, and studied theol- ogy at Berlin. He served in the army one year — the time required of professional men in Germany — and oame to America in January, 1886. Here he studied in the seminary of the Evangelical Synod at St. Louis, Missouri, com- pleting the course in 1887. He then returned to Germany and studied theology. In October, 1888, he returned to America and was appointed minister at Strasburg, Tuscarawas county, Ohio, remaining until April, 1891, when he came to his present congregation. His contrre^jation

CUTAHOOA COUNTY.

has seventy-five regular members, and about thirty irregular; Sabbath school, 150 children, with twenty-one teachers.

Mr. Opperman was married February 12, 1889, in Germany, to Miss Mary Wiedfeldt, daughter of Rev. Emil and Elizabeth Wiedfeldt. Her father is a minister of the United Evangeli- cal Church in Germany; was educated in the University of Halle, Germany, and labored as a minister for about twelve years in Salzwedel and Estedt sixteen years, in which latter place he still remains. His father-in-law, Charles Wildberg, was a minister in the same place twenty-five years. Rev. Emil Wiedfeldt and his wife, Elizabeth, had four children, — Mrs. Opperman, Charles Martin, Emanuel and Eliza- beth,— all living at home except Mrs. Opper- man. The boys are attending the gymnasium.

The subject of this brief notice is a man young in years for the responsible positions he has held and is still holding;_but he is scholarly, pleasant and easy in address, and is growing rapidly in favor with all good people. His wife is a cultured, attractive lady and a wonderful helper in the arduous duties of a minister's wife. They have one child, Elsa by name.

fj^ EV. MARTIN LAUER, deceased, late Y^^ senior agent of the Publishing House of II ^ the Evangelical Association at Cleveland, ^ was born in Germany, January 18, 1824.

His parents were John Martin and Elizabeth C. (Hansan) Lauer, natives of Germany. His father, a horticulturist, died in Germany. Both the parents were well-to-do, honest Germans, be- longing to the national church, and were widely known and highly respected as worthy people. The wife's father, Martin Hausan, and his brother, represented the German Government at different times in Holland, and Martin held other positions also under the Government.

The subject of this sketch was nine years of age, in 1S33, when his father died, at the age

of thirty-nine years, and his mother came to America in 1835, bringing her family of four children, namely, Martin, the eldest; Anna Maria, who died and was buried in Cleveland, and was the wife of Matthew Tribel, who now lives in Kansas; Elizabeth, wife of Jacob Keller, of St. Paul, Minnesota; and Catherine, who died unmarried in Buffalo, Xew York.

Mr. Lauer was educated in Buffalo, New York, where the family settled, and also in Rochester, same State. He began preaching at the age of twenty years, in the forests of New York and the Province of Canada. In 1846 he was ordained by Bishop Seybert, the first bishop of the Evangelical Association. In 1847 he was sent to Laban, Pennsylvania, which was quite a Favorable change from the back woods. Thence he went to New York State, preaching success- ively in the cities of Buffalo (his old home), Al- bany, Syracuse and Rochester. He was then made Presiding Elder. He was a member of the Board of Publication of his Church from its or- ganization in 1859 to 1875, and was finally elected editor of the Christliche Botschafter, and came to Cleveland, where he passed the re- mainder of his life. His election prohibited him from membership in the Board of Publica- tion, owing to a rule that no officer of the Pub- lishing House can be a member of the Board of Publication. In 1879 he was elected senior agent of the Publishing House.

He was also President of the Orphans' Home of the Evangelical Association, located at Flat Rock, Seneca county, Ohio, in which institution are sheltered at present about 140 children. It has 300 acres of land, well improved, good brick buildings, furnished with the best modern ap- pliances and improvements and about §70,000 as an endowment fund. Mr. Lauer was also President of the Missionary Society of his church from 1879, both Home and Foreign, un- til the time of his death. At the last meeting of that society there were representatives from the United States, Canada, Germany, Switzer- land and Japan. They have been very success- ful in their missionary work, especially in Japan.

CUTAHOOA COUNTY.

The life of Rev. Martin Lauer is a part of the imperishable record of his church's achieve- ments in the various and extended sections of country where he labored. He was admitted to bis conference before he had reached his major- ity. The short stature and massive frame, in symmetric harmony with the fine-cnt features, the broad, high forehead, small, brown eyes shining forth under the bushy eye-brows, the classic nose and massive chin, convinced every observer of the great mind he possessed. He was a thinker, and always saw his way clear be- fore he acted. This was true of him as a min- ister, and he never entered the pulpit without being perfectly conversant with the subject matter of his discourse. In public meetings he would never participate in a discussion unless in possession of such a degree of knowledge of the matter under consideration that he always knew what to say, and as a rule gained his point. His whole appearance, in connection with his acute intelligence and practical way of conduct- ing affairs, recommended him as a competent manager of an extensive business establishment. His quiet but decisive way of expressing his views and his clear judgment inspired confi- dence and respect. His conversation, cautious disposition and strong mind, his candid manner of action and of accomplishing his work, made him a favorite among the clergy of his church as well as the business world, and the " beloved Father Lauer" among all who knew him.

He had studied closely the problem of his early life, and how to make the most and best of it, which showed that he followed a clear and marked line. He considered his relations to be threefold in character, and this involved a three- fold responsibility. The first of these three re- lations, in a manner, embraced also two others; and this was his relation to God. In early lite he made a profession of Christianity in the church of his choice, in whose communion he spent all his life. He showed his attachment to his church by a uniform fidelity. His religion was not a mere profession, but personal and practi- cal, and his life purpose and aim was to do what

was right and pleasing to God. He had broad views of truth and a high and wide conception of duty. He once said, " Ifew light is ever breaking forth from the Word of God, and that Word liveth and abideth forever: it is an infal- lible source of truth. The sum of its teaching is, ' Thou shalt love the Lord thy God with all thy heart, and thy neighbor as thyself.' It is a standard as high as Heaven, and I shall aim to make it the guiding star of my faith and life."

The second relation was that which he bore to himself. He regarded his faculties and pow- ers as something almost apart from himself; that is, he considered them a trust, Avhich God had committed to his keeping for its right and faithful use, for which he was responsible. He formed his plan early in life. He always said, " Certain things are required of me — plain du- ties." These he aimed to perform. The line of life which he selected was one of strict integ- rity, and personal business and honor. To these he adhered with fidelity, and by this course was led on the highway of ministerial success.

This naturally involved a third relation, — that to his fellow-men. He had learned in his early experience how good a thing it was to have the friendship and sympathy of others, and there- fore he always made friends. He always kept an open heart and ready hand, and a pleasant smile to gladden others, and always manifested a lively interest in the good order and moral wel- fare of the community in which he lived.

His devoted wife was for nearly half a cen- tury the human comfort and stay of his life. She and all her children belong to the Evan- gelical Association. Mr. Lauer was married May 16, 1849, to Miss Catherine Schlotzhauer, in the city of Albany, New York, and they had twelve children, five of whom are still living, namely: Herman M., who married Fannie Mil- ler, and is a carpenter contractor of Cleveland; Edward T., who married Christina Phillipe, and is in the paving business; Cornelius A., who married Elizabeth Morman, and is in the insur- ance business; Clara L., who was married May 16, 1893, to William T. Hudson of Cleveland:

CUYAnOGA COUNTY.

Mr. Hudson is connected with the Standard Oil Company; and Lydia Paulene, still of the home circle. She is Corresponding Secretary of the largest Young People's Society of Christian En- deavor in Ohio, and a great church worker, a teacher of marked ability. The other children are all deceased, and all died in early childhood, excepting one son, Paul Erasmus, who died in February, 1893, at the age of thirty years. He was a man of much promise, possessing good business ability and that enterprising spirit that overcomes all obstacles. After passing through the high school of Cleveland he entered Adel- bert College, same city. After graduating at Adelbert he served as principal four years in the Green Springs Academy, in Seneca county, Ohio, where he also married Miss Alice Hesser. He then spent three years in Johns Hopkins University, where he graduated with the degree of Ph. D. He was appointed Supervisor of the Public Schools of Cleveland, but served only a few months when he was taken sick with ty- phoid fever, from which he died. He was a man of great intellectual force, and well defined and clear-cut views. He exercised a wide influ- ence for good, and his early Christian cliaracter will long be remembered by a large circle of friends and acquaintances. His early death was sadly mourned and his ripe Christian character made a lasting impression upon his friends.

E.JV. Martin Lauer was taken sick about the middle of December, 1893, and after a two- weeks illness departed this life at 8:50 o'clock in the evening of December 80, 1893.

E. SCHUTT, Superintendent of Mails in the Cleveland (Ohio) post-office, has been identified with the United States mail service since November, 1879. He was born at Avilla, Indiana, March 23, 1857, of Scotch-German extraction. His father, Thomas Schutt, still living at Avilla, is a farmer and was a pioneer to Noble county, being the first to cut a tree from the farm on which lie now resides. He was born at Penn Yan, Yates county. New

York, March 21, 1817, and emigrated to the Hoosier State in 1844. At that time railroads were unknown in the "Western States, and the journey "out West" was made by boat from Buffalo to Toledo, thence on foot the remaining 100 jniles through an almost unbroken wilder- ness.

The mother of Mr. Schutt died in 1864, and the subsequent four years of his life were spent with an indulgent grandmother, after which he returned to the farm (the father having re-mar- ried), where in addition to attending to the usual duties of a farmer's boy he managed to obtain a liberal academic education, and at the age of seventeen commenced teaching school; this vo- cation was followed for two years, at the close of which he entered the office of J. M. Teal, D. D. S , at Kendallville, Indiana, where he began the study of dentistry, which was not entirely com- pleted when he was tendered and accepted the position of railway postal clerk, — not, however, with the intention of making it a life work, dentistry being his chosen profession; and dur- ing his entire connection with the mail service he has found time to read the current dental literature, and, until assuming charge of his present position, to put into practice any im- provements or advanced ideas found therein, the diflicult operation known in dental surgery as replantation having been many times success- fully performed by him.

Having satisfactorily passed the probationary period he was permanently appointed as a rail- way postal clerk in May, 1880, at a salary of $900 per annum. From this time on he took a greater interest in the service, was successively promoted through all the intermediate grades, and in March, 1886, was appointed clerk in ch-irgo between Syracuse, New York, and Cleve- land, Ohio. This position was filled with en- tire satisfaction to the department, as was evidenced by his appointment, May 1, 1891, to the position he now holds.

In the spring of 1890, Postmaster General AVanamaker offered a gold medal to the clerk making the best record in the railway mail ser-

CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

vice at the close of that year; this was won by Mr. Schutt, in the Ninth Division, his record for the year being as follows: In addition to the duties of clerk in charge, he distributed 1,490,- 944 pieces of mail, with but 128 errors, being an average of 11,648 pieces correct to each error, and was examined on 10,396 postoliices, of which 99.93 per cent were correctly cased, at the rate of 82 per minute, with 680 separations.

ffffON. SAMUEL WILLIAMSON, a \i~\ shrewd attorney and able financier, died 11 il January 14, 1884, at his residence. No. ^ 930 Euclid avenue, Cleveland, nearly

seventy-six years of age. He was born March 16, 1808, in Crawford eoiinty, Pennsylvania, and was the oldest of the seven children of Samuel and Isabella (McQueen) Williamson. His father removed from Cumberland county to Crawford county in 1800, where he first met his wife. On the 10th of May, 1810, he removed with his family to Cleveland, where in partner- ship with his brother he began the business of tanning and currying, which he continued until his death in September, 1834. He was a man of enterprise and public spirit, liberal in politics and highly esteemed as a citizen. For many years he was Justice of the Peace for Cleveland township and Associate Judge of the Common Pleas Court.

His son, whose honored name introduces this personal memoir, was only two years old when he was brought to this city by his parents. On reaching the age of seven years he was sent to the public schools, which he attended till 1826; at that time he entered Jefferson College, in Washington county, Pennsylvania, and gradu- ated in 1829. Keturning to Cleveland he en- tered the office of the late Judge Sherlock J. Andrews, where he read law for two years. In 1832 he was admitted to practice in the Cuya- hoga courts and immediately formed a partner- ship with the late Leonard Case, continuing his professional labors with iiim until 1834, when

Mr. Williamson was elected County Auditor, in which office he remained for the period of eight years, when he resumed the practice of law.

In 1843 he married Mary E.Tisdaie, of Utica, New York, and died leaving a wife and three sons, namely: Judge Samuel E. Williamson, of Cleveland; George T. Williamson, of Chicago; and Rev. James D. Williamson, of Cleveland.

Mr. Williamson continued the practice of law with but slight interruption, in partnership with A. G. Riddle, until 1872, when he gave up the arduous labors of his profession and retired from its active pursuit to the enjoyment of a more quiet life. He did not cease to work, however, but gave much of his personal attention to the affairs of the Society for Savings, of which he had been the president for several years. At the time of his death he was the oldest citizen of Cleveland, having lived here since he was two years old, or nearly seventy-four years. He held many responsible positions in this city, besides having directed many large business interests, and he always showed himself capable of dis- chai-ging every trust confided to his care. Dur- ing the time he practiced law his mind was not entirely engrossed by professional interests; on the contrary, he was elected to a number of pub- lic offices which call for sterling worth and abil- ity, and he discharged all his duties with unvarying fidelity and marked skill. In 1850 he was elected by this county to the State Leg- islature, and in 18o9-'60 he was a member and president of the State Board of Equalization. In the fall of 1862 he was elected to the State Senate, where he served two terms. He also rendered valuable service as a member of the City Council and of the Board of Education, being especially conspicuous in the latter body for his activity in promoting improvements in public education. He was a director of the Cleveland, Columbus, Cincinnati & Indianapolis Railroad, and was also its vice president at one time, and for many years its attorney. Several years prior to his death he became president of the Society for Savings, in which position he displayed marked ability as a financier, exhibit-

CO YAHOO A COUNTY.

ing good judgment, strictest integrity, a keen sense of honor, and a bigli order of business talent.

In many respects Mr. Williamson was a very extraordinary man, for example in the extent of his practical acquirements derived from experi- ence, and in his temperament, character, and persistent fidelity to duty. For seventy-four of the seventy-six years of his life he lived in Cleveland, which place he saw grow from a mere hamlet of a few hundred souls to a city of great and immense proportions and consequence. He had seen generations come and go until there was rolled up, upon tlie ground that was sur- rounded by a wilderness in his childhood, a city of over 200,000 inhabitants. He came to the bar with no extraoi-dinary or adventitious cir- cumstances to give eclat or introduce him prom- inently before the public. He possessed none of those elements of genius and oratory which are sometimes used to attain temporary reputa- tion at least, and elevate men to high positions. His strength consisted in the fact that from the beginning to the end he brought to the dis- charge of duty, labor, integrity, industry and fidelity to all the great trusts that were imposed upon him through a long life. Whether as a practicing lawyer, a county oflicer, a legislator, or finally, during the last years of his life, as president of one of the largest institutions in the city, with immense responsibilities to the poor and those of small means, he passed through life without leaving a suspicion upon any man's mind that in the discharge of any of the duties which these places imposed he had not been faithful and honorable to the utmost. His arguments to the court were always happy, often strong, and in the terseness of their lan- guage and legal logic, beautiful. The real point was made clear, its decisive character shown and the books and cases that only approach it had no part in his argument. His proper place was upon the bench; his mind was eminently judicial, with a controlling moral bias for the right. The kindest of men, he was the tender- est and most considerate of friends. He was

ever earnest, yet not stern or puritanical. Such men as he make more secure the free institu- tions of this country and gladden the lives of all those with whom they are connected, and their death creates a void which is not always tilled. Such material was used in building up Ameri- can independence. His character and worth, being such, could not but command the highest confidence and esteem of liis fellow men. Uni- versal expressions of sorrow and regret at his demise wei-e heard on all sides. As a man he was always courteous and gentlemanly to those with whom he came in contact, and no one knew him but to honor and respect him. He was for many years president of the First Presbyterian Society, and he carried with him into the walks of private life the precepts of Christianity, which were so strongly interwoven with his character. He died full of years, surrounded by the love of troops of friends and possessed of all the honors that should accompany old age, and his good name will long keep a conspicu- ous place in the memory of the citizens of Cleveland.

f^iEV. FREDEKICIv von SCHLUEM- r^ BACH, pastor of the Independent II ^ Evangelical Protestant Church of Schifi- ^ lein Christi, was born in Germany in

the Kingdom of Wurtemberg, June 27, 1842. His parents were George and Adelaide (Eggel) von Scliluembach, both natives of Germany, who never came to America. George von Schluem- bach was a military man, as was also his father, Christopher von Scliluembach, who was a Per- sonal Adjutant of King William of Wurtem- berg. Our subject's ancestors were made nobles in the sixteenth century by the Emperor of Aus- tria. The son, George, was an oflicer — a cap- tain in the Fourth Cavalry Regiment of Wurt- emberg. In his later years he retired from the Captaincy but served as Adjutant of Prince Frederick of Holienlohe Oehrinsen until old

GUTAHOGA COUNTY.

age disabled him. He died in 1879, aged seventy-eight years. His wife died in 1860, aged sixty. Eoth were members of the Lu- theran Church, good Christian people, devout, orthodox and conservative. Their devout lives and Ciiristian example are an endearing herit- age to the family, and to a very large circle of acquaintances. Of their eight children only three daughters and two sons are now living. A brother, Alexander, and a sister, Wilhelmina, are residents of Cleveland. They, with Fred- erick and William, — the latter of whom died with yellow fever in New Orleans, — are all of the family who came to America.

Frederick von Schluembach, the youngest of the above, was educated for military life in the city of Ulm, in Wurtemberg. He entered the German army in 1858, as cadet, and served un- til 1859, when he left the army and came to Philadelphia. He there worked hard in various positions; at last as clerk in a homeopathic drug-store until the war between the States broke out. He enlisted May 5, 1861, in re- sponse to President Lincoln's call for 75,000, in the Twenty-ninth New York Infantry, called the " Astor Regiment" and later the " Stein- wehr Eegiment," named for Colonel, later Gen- eral, Steinwehr. Mr. von Schluembach was commissioned First Lieutenant of Company B, and was in the Army of the Potomac, taking part in almost all the leading battles in which that army was engaged. He was disal)led in the second battle of Bull Run, was captured on the field and taken to Libby Prison. He was one of the 150 officers that were held by Jeffer- son Davis until General Butler and President Lincoln stopped all exchange of prisoners until these officers were released. Butler was instru- mental in bringing this about. Lieutenant von Schluembach was exchanged soon afterward and returned to Philadelphia. He re-enlisted in Company H, One Hundred and Eighteenth Regiment of Pennsylvania, and served until he was wounded in the battle of the Wilderness under General Grant. He was brought into Alexandria, Virginia, to the hospital, and never

went into service again, being discharged May 20, 1865. He remained in Philadelphia until 1866, and then started a grocery store atWilkes- barre, Pennsylvania. During this time he was a great Republican politician, a high officer in the Union League of Pennsylvania and stumped the Eastern States for General Grant. In 1868 he moved to Mauch Chunk, Pennsylvania, and imdertook the publication of a German Repub- lican newspaper. Later he became Government mail agent on the Lehigh Valley Road, the printing office having burned out without in- surance.

In the spring of 1872 our subject was called to the ministry of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and sent to the Pennsylvania Avenue Church of Baltimore, Maryland. He remained there three years, as long as the rules of his church would allow any minister to remain in one place, and during this time he organized the German Bund of Young Men's Christian Association, becoming its General Secretary. In 1875 he was sent by his church as a missionary to Galveston, Texas, and then to Waco, same State, in 1878. In 1879 he was appointed Ger- man General Secretary of the International Committee of the Young Men's Christian As- sociation of the United States and Canada, with headquarters at New York city. In 1880 he was called by Mr. Dwight L. Moody to assist him as a German evangelist. He then visited all the prominent cities of the United States, and becoming overworked was sent to Germany by his friends of New York. Thei-e he had an operation performed for an abscess caused by ex- posure in the late war. During his convales- cence he was called by Professor Christlieb and Court Chaplain Stoecker to become an evan- gelist in Germany, and until 1889 he worked as an evangelist in both Germany and America. While an evangelist in Germany Mr. von Schluembach lahored among the highest as well as the lowest of the people, being supported by the influence of the Countess Waldersee and also that of Count Bernstorff, the Chamberlain of the late Empress Augusta. In Berlin and

CUTAMOOA COUNTY.

other cities he organized the Young Men's Christian Associations on the American plan, with great success.

lu 1883 Mr. von Schluem bach started a Ger- man colony in Texas, where he joined the Evan- gelical Synod of the United States, which sent him in 1890 to his present church, to rescue the building from the hands of the marshal in the the United States Court of Cleveland.

In 1892 the church of Schifflein Christi be- came again an independent congregation, and called Mr. von Schluembach for its permanent pastor. The congregation has since increased in membership, and is gradually emerging fi'om its trouble.

Mr. Schluembach is a man of broad and en- lightened views on all subjects of general im- portance and is well-informed and ripe in the experience of the world. In person he is of goodlj' size, strongly built and robust, with the soldier's movement and bearing. He possesses a vigorous intellect, is quick in perceptive fac- ulties and of a genial, kind and gentle disposi- tion. His cyclopaedic learning, his capacity for various literary work, his devotion to books, and more than all the sterling elements of large and noble manhood which he possesses, are among the qualities which even a comparative stranger will soon recognize. He is classed among the best and most noted citizens of Cleveland.

It yif M. HOBAKT, one of the prominent IW I iiiembers of the Cleveland bar, and II 4i senior member of the well known law / firm of Hobart & Bacon, is a native of

the old Bay State, having been born at Am- herst, Massachusetts, on March 26, 1846. His parents were Edmund and Esther (Montague) Hobart. His father still resides in Amherst, and has been a prominent man in his locality all his life, having held at different times many positions of honor and trust. The Hobart family originally came from Hingham, England, the first one of the name in America being the Rev. Peter Hobart, who came over in 1632, lo-

cating first in Hingham, Massachusetts, near Boston. He had five sons, and all were minis- ters of the Congregational Church.

Esther Montague, Mr. Hobart's mother, was the daughter of Moses Montague, of Sunder- land, Massachusetts. She died in 1851, leaving our subject as an only issue. The Montagues are from the well known English family of that name. His father married again and two sons were born to him by his second wife, one of whom is deceased, and the other, Frank Adams, resides on the family homestead with his father.

Mr. Hobart prepared for college at Williston Seminary, East Hampton, Massachusetts, and in the fall of 1868 entered Amherst College, from which he graduated with honor in 1872. In the fall of the same year he entered Colum- bia Law School in Xew York city, but soon afterward failing health moved him to suspend his studies for a time and upward of a year was spent in traveling in Europe. In the fall of 1874, however, his law studies were resumed at Columbia Law School, and in May of the follow- ing year he graduated. Following his gradu- ation he was admitted to the bar in New York, then in Massachusetts, and later in Ohio. In July, 1875, he located in Cleveland, where he soon succeeded in gaining a good practice. During the years 1877 and 1878 Mr. Hobart was acting City Prosecutor of Cleveland, and in 1880 was appointed by President Hayes as Supervisor of the United States Census for the Si.\th District of Ohio. For one term, during the years 1881-'82, he served as clerk to Mayor Herrick and the Board of Improvements. At the municipal election in 1888 he was elected from the Fourteenth ward as a member of the City Council, which body upon its organization chose him as its president.

Mr. Hobart has continued the practice of law since 1875, with the exception of the time he served as Mayor's clerk, has met with success, and is now recognized as one of the able mem- bers of the bar, with a large clientage and a firm position. The firm of Hobart «fe Bacon was formed in June, 1887.

'p^pK^

'I 'I I

.'UrAJiOGA COUNTY.

Mr

,o .., inber of the Masonic fra- a thirty-second-degree Mason and ii e Mystic Shrine. He is also a Kt "f iiie Masonic Cluh.

Hohart was married on December 5,

(I Miss Peckliam, of Lebanon, Connecti-

nJ thej have had two cliildren: Marion

'■ fTH November 9, 1885; and Harold

1 A-agnst 22, 1888. Mrs. Hobart

odncated and estimable lady.

.1 other she is closely related to the

1 Mason, of Boston, the distin-

I uiid tlirough her father to Erie's

I Jure Perry. Her father, James

■as one of the most prominent

citizens of Lebanon, Connecticut.

Uhio, and lortwo years he lived

*" >■ B. Craft?, a cousin of the

.-sent Speaker of the Hoase

• the General Assembly of

•■ c»m« from

I

untar-

itdined

. v\ niters and

: tnereial career was in a small business an'l popcorn '^'

■n^-gMm tra'I

any to lantity have a the ex- ith the a rein- )rge E. " gum, opcorn ipnient a small

tha- Sul'ir

perimenti^ vliici' wax. In the spi r nant of stock froii. Clark, manufacturer oT in order to get the tin pi bags. This purchase included the t used in the manufacture of gam ai amount of paraffine. With this Mr. ^^hite at once began the experiments he had had so long in contemplation, meeting with great difficulty in removing the gum from the marble slab; but in this, nrr;. ii-nt, 'vr d('-'!.'i- , r..\'oif'd hiji; some

:d slab,

1. Soon

lewing-

" The

-I -i ■ :: ; ■! i ;.'• u(,-in.. steadily

> both the wholesale and re il trade.

lipmeut was made to CT-eorg' Sclioff,

Massillou, Ohio, and consisted of fifty boxes at

thirty cents a box. Two years later 31r. White

introduced the " Diamond " brand of

gum, which was put upon the niarVi

the confectioners and proved » . ii:

cess. Eighty girls were at on' :i

in the mar.r'f r".- .,;' ri,,

the sales

' liewing- through ■nse snc- mployed and, and se in the

buriiiCE;: ' tated the

% and the in charge

of :v,nrh..- |... ,..

All went wpI! for a sen^iii: then tiiere was a

change in tiie wheel rif fortune. : "<) ^Ir. White

was left with a large stock of

and $500 in cash, but no fi;

his manufacturos. Thi* W'U

due to mji-^managemp"

Mr. Whitt ■

and Jamr-

'le visited Peoria

uachinery lisraand for I'll re wax probably rii'? j>art if jobbers, ed Buffalo nie goods, ACS to Chi- o;tiin, Keo-

■•'•mmm

** «» 9/

CUTAHOOA COUNTY.

Mr. Hobart is a member of the Masonic fra- ternity, being a thirty-second-degree Mason and a member of the Mystic Shrine. He is also a member of the Masonic Club.

Mr. Hobart was married on December 5, 1882, to Miss Peckham, of Lebanon, Connecti- cut, and they have had two children: Marion Montague, born November 9, 1885; and Harold Peckham, born August 22, 1888. Mrs. Hobart is a highly educated and estimable lady. Through her mother she is closely related to the late Jeremiah Mason, of Boston, the distin- guished jurist, and through her father to Erie's hero, Commodore Perry. Her father, James M. Peckham, was one of the most prominent and esteemed citizens of Lebanon, Connecticut.

[[ J( ON. WILLIAM J. WHITE, Member of lM| Congress from the Twentieth Ohio Dis- II 41 trict, is a native of the Dominion of '^ Canada, born in 1850. His early youth

was spent on the farm of Benjamin Crafts in Geauga county, Ohio, and for two years he lived in the home of M. B. Crafts, a cousin of the Hon. C. E. Crafts, present Speaker of the House of Representatives of the General Assembly of Illinois.

At the age of eighteen years he came from lus country home in Geauga county to the city of Cleveland. His boyhood had been of peculiar privation and hardship, and he had been exposed to temptations to which a character of less strength and poise must have yielded. Althougii deprived of a mother's loving care in his child- hood tiie principles of truth and honor had been instilled in his nature from his very existence, so that he passed into manhood with an utitar- aished reputation. His education was obtained by attending the public schools in winters and two terms in an academy.

The beginning of his commercial career was in Cleveland, where he began a small business in the sale of confectionery and popcorn. His connection with the chewing-gum trade dates

from the winter of 1871. Going to the estab- lishment of Merriam, Morgan & Company to purchase paraffine he was refused a less quantity than a case, costing $24. He did not have a sufficient sum, and was obliged to defer the ex- periments which he purposed making with the wax. In the spring of 1876 he bought a rem- nant of stock from the assignee of George E. Clark, manufacturer of the " Busy-bee" gum, in order to get the tin prizes to put in popcorn bags. This purchase included the equipment used in the manufacture of gum and a small amount of paraffine. With this Mr. White at once began the experiments he had had so long in contemplation, meeting with great difficulty in removing the gum from the marble slab; but in this, accident, or destiny, favored him; some of the paraffine dropped on a greased slab, hardened quickly and was easily removed. Soon followed Mr. White's first brand of chewing- gum, which was called the ■' Mammoth." The venture was successful and the demand steadily increased in both the wholesale and retail trade. The first shipment was made to George Schoff, Massillon, Ohio, and consisted of fifty boxes at thirty cents a box. Two years later Mr. White introduced the " Diamond " brand of chewing- gum, which was put iipon the market through the confectioners and proved an immense suc- cess. Eighty girls were at one time employed in the manufacture of this especial brand, and the sales were enormous. The increase in the business of manufacturing gum necessitated the abandonment of the confectionery trade, and the candy- wagon of Mr. White was given in charge of another person.

All went well for a season; then there was a change in the wheel of fortune, and Mr. White was left with a large stock of goods, machinery and $500 in cash, but no further demand for iiis manufactures. This failure was probably due to mismanagement on the part of jobbers. Mr. White went out on the road, visited Buffalo and Jamestown, where he placed some goods, and also made a shipment of a few cases to Chi- cago; later he visited Peoria, Burlington, Keo-

CUTAIIOGA COUNTY.

kuk, Qiiincy, Hannibal and St. Louis, taking orders for the old-fashioned '> Mammoth,'' " "White Mountain," and " Diamond." At the end of a three-years struggle he had gained an invaluable experience, and had become ac-

luainted with

many

of the wholesale dealers.

In 1882 " Picture Tablets " and " Cleveland Bell," two new brands, were placed upon the market, a large order being shipped to Akron, Ohio. Mr. White continued a heavy business upon a small capital, and in 1882 went out on the road as his own salesman, continuing to work in this line until 1887, when the trade was sufficiently established to permit his retirement. The responsibility had so increased that he deemed it advisable to take a partner in the business, and in June, 1885, C. T. Heisel be- came a member of the firm. This arrangement did not prove satisfactoi-y, however, and No- vember 14, 1885, the partnership was dissolved, with the written agreement that Mr. White was to continue in the manufacture of gum. He had large demands, and was scarcely able to till the orders received the last part of the year 1886.

Placing the " Red Robin," the leading brand in chicle gum, on the market, he pushed its sale with great zeal, advertised it extensively and succeeded in creating a heavy demand. Imitations soon fol- lowed, so it became necessary to manufacture the same goods under a new name not descrip- tive; the result was the famous "Yucatan," placed on the market December 1, 1886. Seventeen stores had it on sale, and it was as- certained that a gum flavored with peppermint was a good seller. Mr. White continued the manufacture, pushed the sale, and has met with a success rarely equaled in the commercial world. The number of pieces of "Yucatan" sold in 1887 were, 4,799,000; in 1888,66,636,- 700; in 1890, 126,874,000; and in 1893 the business had increased to nearly 150,000,000. Mr. White has originated every brand manu- factured in his establishment, and most all of liis machinery has been modeled by himself, and on nearly all he holds patents. In March,

1888, he purchased two acres of land on the Lake Shore & Michigan Southern Railroad, west of the city, and there built one of the largest chewing-gum factories in the world. The business has been phenomenal, and " White's Yucatan Chewing-gum " is known around the world. In his factory are employed 285 people, the greater proportion being girls.

He is also interested in a number of different enterprises to which he has brought the same sagacity and sound judgment which have characterized all his movements. His Two Minute Stock Farm, the home of many fine horses, is situated in Rockport township. His employees hold him in the highest esteem, and he is known in commercial circles as a man of the strictest integrity. He is essentially self- made, the success he has attained being the result of unflagging industry and untiring effort.

Mr. White was united in marriage, April 23, 1873, to Miss Ellen Mansfield, daughter of Orange and Maretta (Howard) Mansfield. Mrs. White was born in Cleveland, July 12, 1850; she is a lady of refined taste and lovely disposi- tion, and has been a most valuable assistant and an unfailing source of encouragement to her husband through all his years of toil. Mr. and Mrs. White are the parents of eight children: Willie B., Harry W., Gloria Marie, Charlie G., deceased. Pearl Maretta, Miles Arthur, Ada Maloria and Ralph Royden. Their beautiful home "Thornwood " is situated in the midst of a lovely grove on the shore of the lake midway between the city and Rocky river; it is a typical American home, the center of luxury, taste and refinement; a lavish hospitality is dispensed, and a generous hand is extended to the needy and less fortunate in life.

Politically Mr. White is identified with the Republican party. In 1889 was elected Mayor of West Cleveland village, declining a renom- ination at the expiration of his first term. He was elected a member of Congress in the fall of 1892; and although his Congressional record is in its infancy it is safe to predict for him a more tiian ordinarily useful career. A

CUFAHOOA GOUNTT.

man without afi'ectation, clever and generoua to a fault, he is held in the highest regard through- out the social and commercial world in which he has moved.

ORITZ S. LIEBICH, one of the most prominent artists of Cleveland, Ohio, ^ has been a resident of this city since 1863. He is a native of Saxony, Ger- many, born March 9, 1825, and is a member of one of the titled families of the Empire. lie w^as reared and educated in his native land. In early youth he developed a marked taste for artistic drawing, but entered the more practical walk of commercial life. In 1862 he emigrated to America and since that time has cultivated his talent in art. He has devoted many years of his life to teaching, some of his pupils hav- ing attained not only enviable reputation but fame as well. For twelve years he was teacher of free-hand drawing in the Jewish Orphan Asylum, and during a long period had a private school. In 1876 he and his son, A. K. A. Lieliich, opened a photographic studio, and four years later opened a gallery at the corner of Ontario and Huron streets. In 1890 they re- moved to their jtresent quarters, 86 Euclid avenue. Mr. Liebich superintended the con- struction of the studio during the erection of the building, and it is Utted out with all the most approved appliances of modern photo- graphic art. They have a large patronage, de- manding the most finished and artistic work. In 1885 a branch establishment was opened on Broadway, which has since been sold. In the Euclid avenue studio several superior artists are employed in the execution of high-class work, all of which is under the direct supervision of the younger Liebich.

Moritz S. Liebich was married in Germany to Aline Gerlach, who is now deceased. There were born to them a family of five children, three of whom are living: Jennie is the wife of Albert Petersiige, a druggist of this city ; A. K. A.

ith his father; Rosa resides with her father. Mr. Liebich is an honorary member of the Cleveland Gesang- Verein, which he joined thirty years ago. He has been a prominent figure in many other German societies in this city, and is held in the highest esteem by a wide circle of acquaintance.

Arthur K. A. Liebich was born in Germany, September 10, 1854, but was reared in this city. In his youth his attention was directed to art, and at the age of sixteen years he took up pho- tography to which he has since devoted his best efforts. Visiting the principal cities of this country he has investigated the most approved methods and studied under the direction of the most advanced photographers. Years of loyalty to his art have brought their reward, and Mr. Liebich has to-day the gratification of being classed with the leaders in his especial line of work.

He is a member of Concordia Lodge, No. 315, A. F. & A. M.; of Webb Chapter, No. 14, R. A. M.; or Hollyrood Commandry, No. 32, K. T., and of Lake Erie Consistory. He is Past Chancellor of Criterion Lodge, No. 38, K. P., and of Argonaut Division, U. E. He is Regi- mental Quarter- Master of the Fifth O. N. G., receiving his appointment in 1891. He is also a member of many of the German societies of the city. Mr. Liebich was married in 1881 to Miss Alice A. Lacey, of Aurora, Ohio.

CHARLES B. COUCH, purchasing agent for the Lake Shore & Michigan Southern Railroad, was born in Massachusetts, Berkshire county, in September, 1838, and be- gan railroad work on what is now the Franklin branch of the Lake Shore Railroad, thirty-tliree years ago. He was rodman of a surveying party, and on leaving this position became assistant engineer of the road, connected then with the Cleveland & Erie. Upon the consolida- tion in 1873, Mr. Couch was made division superintendent from Cleveland to Buffalo, wliich

53

CU7AU0GA COUNTY.

position he filled until 1890, when he took pos- session at his present office. This is only a verj brief resume of a long and faitliful service for one company, and not pretending to be a de- tailed account of the vast labors performed or the many aims accomplished in his efforts, with his official associates, to build up a great trunk line of railroad and develop a new country.

ON. JOSEPH T. LOGUE, Judge of the Police Court of the city of Cleveland, 4i was born in Northfield, Summit county, Ohio, July 9, 1849. His father, J. W. Logue, D. D., a United Presbyterian minister, and the founder of the first church of that de- nomination in Cleveland, was born in York, Pennsylvania, in 1812. He prepared for the ministry in Albany, New York, graduating at Union College